Influence Of Management Research Articles

Coaching as effective technology for forming emotional competence of future managers

Currently, in the field of management, various methods and approaches to work with personnel are used. Modern management in the style of coaching is a view of employees as a huge additional resource of the enterprise, where each employee is a unique creative person who is able to independently solve many problems, show initiative, makes choices, take responsibility and make decisions.
 The theory and practice of training managerial specialists is undergoing serious changes in connection with the development of management as a science and practical area of production management and human relations. The nature of the training of specialists is determined by the actual needs of society and trends in the development of production.
 In this regard, comparative management is becoming increasingly important. It consists in the study and analysis of the experience of various countries, including the study of the reasons that determine the differences in the level of productivity and the results of enterprises and the identification of the specifics of the activities of managers of these enterprises.
 In general, in modern science, management is understood as a specific type of human activity, isolated in the course of the division and cooperation of social labor.
 Within the framework of personnel training from the point of view of the traditional approach, it is important to form an organizational culture of management – the readiness of a specialist to implement managerial influences in the logic of the allocated management functions.
 Within the framework of this direction, in the training of a manager, special attention is paid to his ability to organize the process of developing and implementing managerial decisions, to monitor their implementation by stimulating and motivating personnel.

РЕВІТАЛІЗАЦІЯ МІСТА: СУТНІСТЬ ТА КЛЮЧОВІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ

The general articulation of the issue and its connection with the important research and practice tasks. The application of urban revitalization in the national territorial development policy requires a proper scientific justification. The key role is played thereby by the definition of basic concepts forming the subject area for managerial influence. The disclosure of their content allows to expand more explicitly on approaches to the implementation of relevant policy.The analysis of the recent publications regarding the issues this article deals with; identification of parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. Theoretical issues regarding the urban revitalization have not yet achieved thorough scientific study. It should be noted that in the national science of public administration there is no complex scientific research devoted to substantiation of urban revitalization. However, in the course of the world scientific thought evolution in this direction the modern understanding of the urban revitalization, particularities of this process and expected results were formed.The purpose (the objective) of this article. The article clarifies the essence and concept of the urban revitalization, defines its essential dimensions and key characteristics.The key results and the background. The extensive terminology in the field of the urban revitalization is considered, which differs in individual states, but is similar in semantic meaning of terms. Provisions concerning the spatial, economic, social, cultural, ecological, public administration dimensions of urban revitalization are revealed. Its object, which consists of all or part of the degraded territory with a high degree of territorial concentration of negative phenomena of spatial, economic or other nature, is substantiated. The crucial importance of management activities of public sector institutions in the process of urban revitalization is proved, in particular, the involvement and coordination of all stakeholders, identification of urban crisis developments, searching for innovative solutions for their solving, preparation and implementation of relevant projects and programs.Conclusions and the prospects of the further research. The main characteristics of urban revitalization are formulated concerning the characteristics of the negative factor accumulation in degraded urban areas; orientation of urban revitalization on creation of preconditions for sustainable territory development; complex and long-term nature of this process; the role of local governments, as well as instruments of public participation and public-private partnership. Prospects for further investigations in this direction include the study of the process of formation and implementation of public policy of urban revitalization.

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF ENSURING THE EFFICIENCY OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AT ENTERPRISES

Introduction. In the context of integration and globalization of the world economy, the socio-economic efficiency of the enterprise is the main prerequisite for ensuring its competitiveness at both national and global levels. Ensuring the effectiveness of personnel management helps to increase the efficiency of the enterprise, which is one of the most important tasks for the national economy. Acting as the main criterion for the functioning of the subsystem of personnel management at the enterprise, the effectiveness of personnel management reflects the level of formation, accumulation and use of human, social and intellectual capital. The purpose of the article is to determine the methodological foundations of the organization and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of functional training for the personnel management at the enterprise. Results. The analysis of personnel management by its essence and key characteristics, as well as the study of the evolution of approaches to determining the effectiveness of the enterprise made it possible to clarify the nature of managerial influence to bring personnel management subsystems in the right state. Synthesis of the obtained generalized definitions of efficiency and personnel management, as well as morphological analysis of existing scientific interpretations of the definition of "personnel management efficiency" allowed to offer an author's understanding based on targeted, cost and system approaches. to offer a set of measures of organizational and economic support to increase personnel management efficiency. It has been identified that the most influential tools that can improve the quality of staff work are careers and staff motivation. The conceptual determinants of ensuring the personnel management efficiency at enterprises are substantiated. Keywords: personnel, personnel management, management efficiency, determinants of ensuring effective personnel management.

Internal Audit Profession And Financial Performance In Commercial Banks In Rwanda

In all the countries in the world, commercial banks contribute greatly in the economic development of a country (Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt & Levine, 2006). Therefore, tracking the performance of commercial banks has been of great importance both for scholars and for policy makers. The main objective of this research was to investigate the role played by internal audit profession in the financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda, taking a case of Kenya Commercial Bank, Rwanda plc. The research followed three specific objectives, namely, to investigate internal audit profession in KCB Bank Rwanda plc; to determine the level of financial performance of KCB Bank Rwanda plc and to find out the relationship between internal audit profession and financial performance of KCB Bank Rwanda plc. The research used descriptive and correlational research design with a target of 87 employees all taken as the sample for this research. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the sample and 79 were filled and returned. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. The results showed that the most of the employees in KCB Bank Rwanda plc are male who represent 72.15% of the total respondents, majority of the respondents were between 31-35 years represented by 42(53.2%) of the respondents. The findings on objective one revealed that 57% of the respondents strongly agreed that audit independence is important for the internal auditing at 32.9% agreed. The findings on objective two revealed that 73.4% of the respondents indicated high level of satisfaction in terms of financial performance of the Bank. On objective three, the findings revealed that all the indicators used for measuring internal audit were positive and significantly related to ROA, ROE and interest margin (some at 5% and others at 10%), except for audit due care which was not significantly related to ROE and interest margin. The findings further revealed that the adjusted R2=0.81 for ROA, adjusted R2=0.164 for ROE and adjusted R2= 0.292 for interest margin. Further, the ANOVA analysis for ROA, ROE and interest margin revealed that all the three models were significant at 5%. The regression equations with audit independence, professional competence and audit due care as predictor variables showed that both audit independence and professional competence have positive coefficient on ROA, ROE and interest margin. The researcher highly recommends prudential adoption of internal auditing function within the banking sector. Policy makers should come up with standardized measures in relation to internal auditing. The managers should be at the forefront to ensure that the internal auditing function operates independently without managerial influences and with due diligence. This recommendation is informed by the positive effect that auditing has on the financial performance of commercial banks.

Strategic programs of socio-economic development as the main element of effective formation of human potential

The author’s interpretation of the development of human potential as a driving force of personal and social progress, which is a dynamic process of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human resources, is proposed in the article. The purpose of this study is to determine a clearer relationship between the formation and development of human potential and socio-economic development with highlighting of methodological approaches to the formation of appropriate development programs. To achieve this goal, the author investigated the relationship between the concepts of «socio-economic development», «human potential» and «formation and development of human potential». The provisions on the meaningful interpretation of human resources and human potential as human abilities and capabilities, which become the basis for creating appropriate conditions in social production for dynamic human development, have been clarified. It is substantiated that in the methodological aspect, when forming programs of socio-economic development, it is advisable to distinguish between social development as a main goal of these programs, and economic development as a means of achieving this goal with the simultaneous mutual influence of these components. It is proposed to consider the systemic transformation of human resource development management as a main component of the prerequisites formation for human potential accumulation and social production development. The main components of the updated human resource development management system, namely the goals, principles and levels of development, the functions of managerial influence, have been determined. It has been substantiated that the main goal of socio-economic development programs should be the continuous development of a person as a carrier of human potential; and the use of innovation, complexity, knowledge orientation – as a principles of their construction on the basis of organizational, systemic and humanistic approaches.

Practical aspects of organizational culture assessment

Organizational culture activates the ability to effectively solve management problems and plays a positive role in the development of the organization, provided, that managers are aware of its significance and have appropriate knowledge. The results of organizational culture study of one of the companies in the Perm territory using two methods: Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) and the method by S. I. Cordon, have been given in the article. Application of foreign and domestic methods gave comparable results: clan organizational culture according to OCAI correlates with the type of culture "Family", highlighted by S. I. Cordon, adhocratic culture - with the type of culture "Business". The results of organizational culture assessment of the organization under study and directions of possible managerial influences have been presented in the article.

HUMAN RESOURCES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION

Modernization and reform of the Ukrainian education system requires a change in approaches to the management of educational institutions, ie the application of the concept of pedagogical management. The main productive force of the educational organization is the scientific and pedagogical staff, which provides quality services for the training of young professionals and creates intellectual products of scientific and technical creativity, and for this it must be effectively managed. In the conditions of market relations there are certain threats in the personnel management system of the educational institution: loss of results of scientific and technical developments, conflicts of personnel, mistakes in the performance of professional duties, corruption, theft. The purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of personnel security of higher education and characterize the management function of the educational organization. The security of the higher educational institution is characterized, which is a set of organizational and managerial measures aimed at creating comfortable and safe conditions for the implementation of educational and scientific activities by participants in the educational process. It is established that the financial and economic security of the educational organization is a system of effective tools of managerial influence on the teaching staff, aimed at the effective use of scientific, material, financial resources to ensure the quality of educational services. It is proved that personnel security of a higher education institution is the creation of a system of measures to counteract the negative threats of the educational environment, using administrative, organizational, socio-psychological management methods to protect the labor interests of research and teaching staff and promote creative activity. The article identifies and characterizes the practical application of the functions of pedagogical management of higher education: management decisions, planning, organization, motivation, control, coordination and regulation.

The Validity of Information Security Risk Assessment Methods for Organizations

Based on statistical data, a contradiction is shown between an increase in financial investments in the information security (IS) of organizations and a steady increase in the number of IS incidents caused by internal users. A conclusion is made about the cognitive vulnerability and low degree of validity of modern IS risk assessment methods. Stereotypes have been identified, the result of which are cognitive errors in assessing IS risks: the priority of technical protection of information from external threats of IS over organizational and technical protection from internal threats; distrust of the internal client, perception of it exclusively as an object of tough managerial influence, ignoring its subjective role in IS management; restriction of work with personnel within the IS management system with one-time measures and static criteria for assessing human risks and inattention to systemic measures and dynamic, situational criteria. The necessity of updating standards for IS risk management, as well as the development of new methods and tools for assessing, IS risks based on rejecting outdated stereotypes, is substantiated.

Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility with Financial Performance as Intervening

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs are carried out by entities in the hope of getting legitimacy and positive values ​​from the community. So, companies can survive and develop, and it can increase profitability in the future. CSR has a relationship with Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Ownership Structure, and Financial Performance. This research aims to analyze the effect of the ownership structure and good corporate governance on corporate social responsibility disclosure through finance performance. The interpretation technique of the sample that is used in this research is purposive sampling. That is the manufacturing company listed on the IDX period 2017 – 2019. The data analysis method that is used is the path analysis. The resulting research is the managerial ownership influence at finance performance significantly. Institutional ownership is not influenced by finance performance. The foreign ownership influence at finance performance significantly. The measure of commissioner council influence at finance performance significantly. The Audit Committee has a positive effect on financial performance. Managerial ownership has a positive effect on CSR. Institutional ownership is no significant effect on CSR. Foreign ownership has a significant effect on CSR. The measure of Commissioners council has a significant effect on CSR. The Audit Committee has a significant effect on CSR. Financial performance has a significant effect on CSR.

Keberhasilan Usahatani Kopi (Coffea arabica) Melalui Dinamika Kelompok Dan Manajerial Petani

Coffee was one of the important plantation commodities in the national economy. This can be seen from the role of the coffee plantation sector in providing employment plants, providing the State's foreign exchange through exports. One of the goals of coffee farmers in managing their farming was to make a profit. In achieving this goal, farmers face several obstacles. By joining farmers in a farmer group forum can help explore the potential, solve the farming problems of its members, thus farmer groups have a strategic position in realizing quality farmers. The research was conducted in Sukasari Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency with the unit (subject) of analysis being 70 farmers who cultivated coffee in the harvest season from January to March 2020 Hypothesis testing. path. There was a positive relationship between the dynamics of farmer groups and farmer management. This was evidenced by the correlation value between the dynamics of farmer groups (X1) and managerial farmers (X2) which reached 84.1%. The better the group dynamics, the better the farmer's managerial, which consists of technical skills and business / skills aspects. The dynamics of farmer groups and farmer managerial influences positively on the success of coffee farming. the higher the value of farmer group dynamics (X1) and farmer managerial (X2), the effect on the increase in farming (Y).

Концептуальні засади управління використанням інтелектуального потенціалу промислового підприємства

The article deepens the methodological and applied principles, develops recommendations for managing the use of industrial enterprises intellectual potential in the knowledge-based economy conditions. It is substantiated that the effective use of intellectual potential of a modern industrial enterprise is the basis for forming a culture of knowledge that can meet the needs of individuals, create conditions for harmonious development, resolves social contradictions through managing a variety of intellectual potential and the most effective use of this resource in management decisions. Emphasis is placed on the key importance of staff intellectualization as a basis for its intensive (qualitative) development. The concept of managing the use of industrial enterprises intellectual potential is proposed, which reveals the specifics of the content of management, the values of which are determined by interrelated components that form the intellectual potential, and the focus is on solving production problems of the enterprise in innovation sphere. The formulated concept is distinguished by the infrastructural approach to management of the industrial enterprises intellectual potential use based on a joint of scientific directions (approaches to management of the personnel and intellectual capital), synthesis of which corresponds to modern tendencies of integration in the theory of innovations theory elements intellectual potential management, innovative enterprises. A matrix of managerial influence upon the components-factors of intellectual potential qualitative level according to the reproductive stages of innovative industrial enterprises staff intellectualization is constructed. A number of basic measures of organizational and economic nature have been identified, which provide positive dynamics of intellectual potential development of staff in the process of innovations introduction at the enterprise. The theoretical significance of the concept lies in the intellectual capital management theory development in the segment of management using the industrial enterprises intellectual potential. The practical significance of the proposed concept is due to the possibility of expanding the management worldview in the modern industrial environment on this basis and integrating its ideas, formalized in the form of goal, tasks, object, subject, principles, functions, management tools in the organization of intellectual potential management. The implementation of the formulated concept should become a priority of the general idea of innovative industrial enterprises strategic orientation.

ЕКСПЛІКАЦІЯ СУТНОСТІ ДЕФІНІЦІЇ «РОЗВИТОК» СТОСОВНО СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

The article presents an epistemological analysis of definitions that reflect various aspects of the economic category “development” used within the system approach. The analysis shows that these definitions mostly do not single out the features of the social component of the economic system and management tasks are defined from the subjective point of view of those who fall under managerial influence. It has been noted that this approach can be called mechanistic, since the behavioral characteristics of the social component are neglected and the management of the system is considered from the standpoint of one-vector influence of decision-makers. It has been argued that this negatively affects the effectiveness of development management due to the diversity of stakeholders’ interests. An explication of the essential content of “development” definition has been made and components that reflect the specifics of the socio-economic systems management according to the concept of “sustainable development” have been identified. Management of socio-economic system structural balance has been proposed to consider as a dynamic process of forming the optimal proportions of its future state, which is determined by the equal vectors of economic and other interests of its actors and their positions coordination meeting the priorities of sustainable development and competitiveness and following the principles of stakeholder interaction and social dialogue. It has been noted that the management of the socio-economic systems development should be carried out both from the standpoint of achieving structural balance of the system and taking into account the development goals of the system (increasing competitiveness through quality change).

SEMANTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF «MECHANISM OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYSTEM APPROACH

Topicality. Improving the processes of public administration is impossible without studying the theoretical foundations of these processes, without defining the appropriate categories of public administration. A special place among them is occupied by the concept of the "mechanism of public administration". Without disclosing its essence, it is impossible to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of public administration mechanisms and, accordingly, the efficiency of the entire system of public administration. Aim and tasks. Conduct a semantic analysis of existing definitions of "public administration mechanism" in the context of a systems approach. Research results. The presence of perfect mechanisms of public administration provides purposeful, coordinated, and rational management of social and economic processes in the country, the appropriate level of organizational and managerial influence on the development of all spheres of life, sustainable support of public authorities by various segments of the population. Many researchers use the category "system" when defining the concept of the "mechanism of public administration". According to this view, the system: has a purpose; is a set of interconnected elements; its elements act as lower-order systems; can be represented in different aspects and at different levels; forms a special unity with the external environment. The article compares the formal representation of the concept of "system" with the existing definitions of the concept of "mechanism of public administration". Today in the literature there is no single point of view on the definition of "mechanism of public administration". Some authors define it as a system of state bodies organized in accordance with certain principles for the implementation of public administration tasks, the second - as part of the management system that provides influence on the factors on which the result of the management object depends, the third - as a democratic state organization of managerial influence on social processes, fourth - as a way of organizing and functioning of management based on the establishment of reasonable goals, fifth - as a set of practical measures, tools, levers, and incentives by which public authorities influence any public relationships in order to achieve goals. There are other points of view. This situation is the result of the fact that the study of the concept of "mechanism of public administration" is carried out on the basis of different methodological principles, in different fields of science, and with different research objectives. In this case, each of the definitions enriches the understanding of this phenomenon, but none of them, even in combination, does not provide an exhaustive description of the concept of the "mechanism of public administration. Conclusion. None of the definitions of the term "mechanism of public administration" considered in the article fully corresponds to the formal definition of the term "system". At the same time, each component of the formal representation of the term "system" is present in one or another definition of the "mechanism of public administration".

The Effectiveness Management in Organizations

The paradigmatic change that is emerging in modern western managerial thinking influences, among other things, the development of basic concepts in management, and radically changes their meaning. This change is not merely theoretical, and has many ramifications for existing management patterns and managers’ ability to improve the value of the organization they are in charge of. This is illustrated by the changing meaning of two concepts in the management literature and practice of organizations - effectiveness and efficiency. This article will attempt to examine and demonstrate the importance of effective management of the organization, and ways to achieve it.

Management of modernization of heat supply system of the region in the context of its sustainable development

Introduction. One of the main directions of ensuring the sustainable development of the national economy and its regions is the reform of the energy sector, which can take place through the modernization or innovation of its components. An important component of these reforms is to provide the population with the environmentally friendly and socially safe thermal energy. At the present stage of management, the heat supply is the most costly branch of public utilities, which is supplemented by the problems of the inefficient fuel balance structure; worn-out infrastructure and low energy efficiency. This highlights the need to study the management of modernization of the heat supply system in the region in view of the declared vectors of the long-term development. Object of research is the process of managing the modernization of the heat supply system in the region.Subject of the research is a set of scientific approaches and practical mechanisms of modernization of the heat supply system of the region in the context of ensuring its sustainable development.Objective. The conceptual foundations of modernization of the heat supply system of the region in the context of its sustainable development through the introduction of the innovative technologies both in the management process and in the energy sector itself is substantiated in the paper.Methods. The following general scientific methods were used during the research process: system, structural analysis, grouping, when studying the structural elements and isolation of problems of development of the heat supply system of the region; historical analysis, when considering the scientific principles and institutional mechanism of modernization of the region’s heat supply system; comparative analysis in assessing the possibilities of the green transition of the heat supply system of the region and also when considering the features of the use of grant resources in the modernization of the heat supply system of the region; economic analysis in assessing the current state of the district heating system, etc.results. The essential determinants of the heat supply system of the region are analyzed, the objective need, organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the modernization of the heat supply, taking into account the need for the balanced development of the energy sector of the region are verified. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of the conceptual approaches to the management of modernization of the heat supply system of the region by innovating the forms and methods of managerial influence on the heat supply system of the region.The conclusion is made about the following effective approaches in managing the modernization of the district heating system: planning of the sustainable development of the energy sector, development of programs for modernization of the district heating, implementation of the infrastructure and soft projects, implementation of the international projects, motivation of households and entrepreneurship in the heat sector, participation in the grant requests, in state crediting programs, realization of the business projects in the field of production of environmentally friendly fuel; conducting an information campaign among the population and other key market players to raise the awareness of the energy efficiency financing mechanisms.The practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed recommendations will be used to improve the organizational and economic mechanism of management of the district heating system modernization and ensure its sustainable development.

Environmental and transport risk management: methodology, features, classification, impact tools

The article discusses the features of environmental and transport risks as a specific management object. The aspects of modifying the components of the formed methodology of modern risk management in relation to environmental and transport risks are disclosed. The author’s view on the classification of environmental and transport risks is presented. A toolkit of managerial influence and criteria for its selection are proposed.

Management Theories, Key Factor for Paradigms Changing in Organization

The paradigmatic change that is emerging in modern western managerial thinking influences, among other things, the development of basic concepts in management, and radically changes their meaning. This change is not merely theoretical, and has many ramifications for existing management patterns and managers’ ability to improve the value of the organization they are in charge of. This is illustrated by the changing meaning of two concepts in the management literature and practice of organizations - effectiveness and efficiency. This article will attempt to examine and demonstrate the importance of effective management of the organization, and ways to achieve it.

ПЕРЕДОВА ІНОЗЕМНА ПРАКТИКА ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СИСТЕМ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ1

Стаття присвячується питанням вивчення та дослідження іноземної практики правового забезпечення функціонування системи економічної безпеки держави та оцінці доцільності впровадження окремих закордонних форм діяльності, а також методів санкціонованого управлінського впливу до національної правової площини. Зазначається, що умовах динамічного перебігу низки глобалізаційних процесів, у тому числі дотичних до різних га- лузей національної економіки, а також обрання Україною проєвропейського вектору політичного правового й економічного розвитку вивчення та можливе запозичення такого досвіду є виправданим і необхідним кроком. Розглядається специфіка організації функціонування окремих суб’єктів системи економічної безпеки держави деяких країн. Укотре доводиться точка зору про важливість та значимість правоохоронної діяльності як однієї з вагомих передумов належного функціонування економічної складової. Звертається увага на передові методики діяльності останніх із протидії наявним та латентним загрозам економіці держави. Зауважується, що подібна робота сприяє ефективному захисту економічних інтересів, а також справляє помітний позитивний вплив на міжнародне становище, у тому числі інвестиційну привабливість тієї чи іншої держави. Доводиться поширена точка зору про необхідність змістовного вивчення та дослідження такого іноземного досвіду.

Концепт нелінійності у сучасному музично-педагогічному дискурсі

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the peculiarities of nonlinear thinking, its manifestations in musical and pedagogical activity. The article presents the way of development of the concept of «nonlinear thinking» in the scientific literature, the analysis of historical preconditions of its origin and registration in the context of post-classical methodology. As a result of theoretical analysis of the works of modern philosophers, teachers, musicologists, the concept of nonlinear thinking of the individual in the field of music is substantiated. If we consider creativity, including music, as a process of evolutionary self-organization of the individual, we can find a successful application of the ideas of synergetics and nonlinear thinking in music pedagogy. In the process of professional training of musicians-teachers and concert performers in institutions of higher art education, the disproportion and ambiguity of the development of nonlinear thinking of the individual is especially noticeable. The practice of higher art education institutions shows that there are contradictions between the development of pedagogical innovations with a focus on changes in educational technologies and the lack of research related to the transformation of professional self-awareness of future professionals, the specifics of their thinking. Musical and creative activity has a harmonizing effect on the psychophysical and social processes of the individual, provides ample opportunities for pedagogical creativity. Correct and timely managerial influences on the part of the teacher allow to choose the optimal ways of self-development of the student's personality. According to the principle of resonant excitation, a small but accurately calculated energy injection at the required space-time point is enough for this. In the process of pedagogical regulation of the educational process should take into account their own trends in the development of the student's personality, strive to strengthen his abilities to work independently and to cooperate with the teacher. The presence of feedback, ie the active influence of the results of the student's activities on his personality is a necessary condition for the intensification of the educational process.

Back to The Future: Saudi Women Negotiating Gender Inclusion

In this article, we develop an understanding of the practice of inclusion based on employees’ perceptions of the interplay of institutional and organizational norms. Based on data from 56 in-depth interviews with Saudi Arabian working women, we elaborate on these notions of gender inclusion and identity dynamics in a non-Western setting, where women are part of a first generation to enter the workforce. Our core question is how women make their way in organizations with different levels of inclusion policies and practices. Findings show that women use various approaches to negotiate and navigate inclusion in relation to their employers and majority groups and practices, grounded in specific societal and cultural identities based on religion and tribe. Our study makes two main contributions. First, in applying existing frameworks of inclusion across different organization contexts, we provide additional insights into how policies and practices lead to different organizational inclusion orientations and their effect on women relatively new to a workforce. Second, we highlight that current theories of workplace inclusion need to move beyond organizational efforts and focus on ways in which individuals actively negotiate workplace inclusion in context. We find that women’s work identity works as a means by which women challenge or perpetuate exclusion in the face of societal, organizational, and managerial influences.