Management Level Research Articles

New management grading for pig farms: management grading system using pig carcass weight, back fat thickness and k-means algorithm.

This study categorized farm management levels to improve the productivity and uniformity of pork from pigs shipped from farms. A total of 48,298 pigs were grouped (A, B, C, D group) using the k-means algorithm, carcass weight and backfat thickness. The results of the grouping were used to classify farm management grades (A, B, C, D grade). The proportion of primal cuts in pigs, according to the new classification method, increased from group A to group D for shoulder blade, shoulder picnic, and ham, but decreased for loin and belly. In the regression analysis of the five primal cuts (shoulder blade, shoulder picnic, loin, belly, and ham) production (kg) for each group, all regression equations showed low errors (MAE<0.7), indicating that the model can predict the production of primal cuts by group. As the farm management grade decreased, the proportion of pigs in the group with large differences from the mean of carcass weight and backfat thickness of the whole pig increased. The results of this study confirmed the differences in primal cut traits by pig grouping and created a method to classify farms who ship non-uniform pigs. This is expected to provide indicators for improvement and supplementation to farms that ship uneven pigs, helping to enhance the production of standardized pigs at the farm level.

Research on Financial Management Issues and Countermeasures in Chinese Higher Education Institutions

With the continuous deepening of educational reform and the rapid development of higher education, as an important battlefield for knowledge dissemination, scientific research innovation, and social services, the financial management level of universities directly affects the efficiency of resource allocation, improvement of teaching quality, and sustainable development ability of the school. However, in the context of rapid expansion and diversified development, financial management in universities faces many challenges and problems. If not solved, it will inevitably negatively impact the management of universities and restrict their development. This article aims to deeply analyze the main problems in current financial management in universities and propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, to provide reference for improving the efficiency of financial management in universities.

Joint credit system and corporate green innovation: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment on implementing the Administration of Joint Credit

Banking institutions are crucial in providing capital to firms, making credit resources a vital requirement for enterprises' operations. How to ensure credit capital resources is imperative to consistently and proficiently facilitate firms' green innovation. Based on a sample of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022, this study reveals a significant enhancement of joint credit systems in corporate green innovation. The finding indicates that a joint credit system, represented by the Administration of Joint Credit, can stimulate corporate green innovation activities. This impact operates mainly through alleviating corporate financing constraints, improving management levels, and promoting real estate investment.

Peran Komunikasi Interpersonal dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Tim Kerja

The purpose of this article is to discuss interpersonal communication in improving performance, work teams. As it is known that the existence of human resources plays a very important role in an agency. Employees as motivated human resources will carry out an activity or task as well as possible so as to provide maximum work results. In an organization or agency, communication activities are one of the most important activities. The type of research used by the author is library research, namely research that only uses library collection materials without any field research. the author obtains data based on the library in the form of books, journals, documents and so on. This research can only be answered through library research and it is impossible to expect from field research data. The results showed that interpersonal communication carried out by the Work Team aims to create a good relationship between one employee and another. This relationship has an impact on the emergence of an attitude of openness and trust obtained from interpersonal relationships in the work environment. In the work environment, an employee's performance will be good when the employee has a good interpersonal communication pattern and vice versa. Interpersonal communication carried out by the work team becomes a practical communication pattern that is useful in establishing relationships with work partners, leaders and fellow employees, as well as managerial levels that require interpersonal communication.

Does the environmental tax affect the within-firm pay gap? Evidence from China

The impact of the environmental tax on internal income distribution within firms is a crucial extension for evaluating the economic effects of environmental regulation policies. However, the existing literature focuses primarily on environmental effects and the Porter hypothesis, giving little attention to this topic. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2018 to 2021, we examine how the Chinese environmental protection tax affects intrafirm wage disparities. Our findings indicate that the environmental tax widens the pay gap between managerial and ordinary employees. Mechanism tests show that the environmental tax's governance effect raises managerial compensation levels, whereas cost effects decrease wages for ordinary employees. This effect is particularly pronounced in nonstate-owned firms, competitive industries, and regions with stricter environmental tax collection standards. This study makes an empirical contribution to our understanding of the effects of the environmental tax on income distribution in practice.

Influence of educational composition on firm innovation and performance

ABSTRACT Despite a strong focus on innovation from both politicians and managers, our current understanding of the relationship between managers’ education level and the educational composition of the workforce in terms of innovation and their joint association with performance remains limited. For example, while most studies include workforce quality as a control, and recognize its importance, there is still little knowledge about how it influences the innovation process. The data and estimation framework used in this study enable for a detailed analysis of the importance of both managers’ and workers’ skill intensity and workers’ skill diversity throughout the sequential innovation process that transforms ideas into valuable innovation in three stages. In addition, the availability of panel data allows us to account for various econometric issues, such as sample selection bias, reverse causality, simultaneity, and measurement errors. We conclude that educated managers, together with a balanced workforce across education length and field enhance both innovation and performance. Even more interestingly, we show that the educational level of managers influences the innovation process primarily through the recruitment of more educated workers with diverse educations. And the importance of including the indirect effect of educational composition through R&D decisions on the likelihood of innovation.

Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Developing a Performance Evaluation Model for A Human Resources Department in Private Sector in Saudi Arabia

Evaluating human resource departments discovers weak areas and supports performance measurements and continuous quality improvement. However, most research concentrates on the development of models that primarily assess the performance of individual human resources rather than focusing on the evaluation of the entire department. This study aims to formulate a model for evaluating the performance of human resource departments in Saudi Arabia&amp;#39;s private sector. The proposed model studies HR standards using five well-known quality awards excellence models. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was then used to discover the factor structure of this model and examine its internal reliability to identify the underlying relationships between the assessment model criteria (factors). A questionnaire was designed and distributed to middle and high management levels, such as section head positions and above, in different organizations in the private sector in Jeddah. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to quantify the weights of the assessment factors and subfactors. Human resource experts estimated the relative magnitudes of the factors and sub-factors through pairwise comparisons. The results identified six main factors and seventy-eight subfactors for evaluating human resources department performance in any private sector. The findings indicated that the most substantial weight, constituting nearly 50 of the entire modules, was assigned to Factor 2, denoting &amp;quot;Justice and Human Development&amp;quot; (44.746%). This was followed by Factor 5, related to &amp;quot;Job Performance Management&amp;quot; (18.945%), and Factor 6, about &amp;quot;Occupational Safety&amp;quot; (12.554%). The factor with the lowest weight was Factor 1, representing &amp;quot;Career Guidance and Counseling&amp;quot; (7.601%).

A Brief Discussion on the Three Major Modules of University Financial Management and the Current State of Budget Performance Management

In the context of the new era, the national governance capacity and level have greatly improved. With the continuous deepening of fiscal management reform, fiscal management capabilities and levels are enhanced annually with the application of new technologies. Particularly in recent years, budget performance management has been increasingly demanded across various industries, with stricter performance requirements for public university financial and project funds. This paper, drawing from personal work experience, presents insights and views on the key aspects of university financial management, the current state of performance management, and the feasibility of specific operations, serving as a discussion point within the industry.

Rural human settlement environment, non-agricultural transfer of labour and arable land abandonment in China

The arable land abandonment caused by the large-scale non-agricultural transfer of labour has attracted substantial attention from all walks of life in China. Promoting improvement in human settlement environment can accelerate the construction of infrastructure, ameliorate grassroots organization and enhance management capacities while simultaneously decelerating agricultural production costs. High level of human settlement environment can also attract the labour force to return, stimulate the vitality of rural elements and endogenous powers. Then, can improving rural human settlement environment alleviate the phenomenon of arable land abandonment caused by non-agricultural labour transfer? In order to answer this question, based on the micro-survey data of 1325 households in 5 provinces of China, this paper uses the Tobit model to empirically test the effects of rural human settlement environment and non-agricultural transfer of labour on arable land abandoned. The results revealed that rural human settlement can alleviate the arable land abandonment caused by non-agricultural transfer of labour to a certain extent. In particular, the improvement of rural human settlement environment that mainly based on the infrastructure construction and organizational management level, has significantly alleviated the arable land abandonment caused by the non-agricultural transfer of labour. Heterogeneity analysis disclosed that, compared with mountainous and hilly areas, the improvement of rural human settlement environment had a more obvious mitigation effect on arable land abandonment in plain areas. Promoting infrastructure construction and strengthening organizational management ability were effective ways to alleviate arable land abandonment in plain areas. Farmer households with high place attachment level were more likely to be attracted by the improvement of rural human settlement environment to return to their hometown, so as to make use of arable land resources. Improving infrastructure, strengthening organizational management level, and promoting cultural and community development were the main measures for farmer households with high place attachment level to reduce arable land abandonment. In addition, there were significant differences in arable land abandonment and its driving factors in different regions. In the central and eastern regions or major grain-producing areas, improving human settlement environment had a significant mitigation effect on arable land abandonment. Therefore, improving the rural human settlement environment according to local conditions, promoting the supportive policy will be inclined to mountainous and hilly areas, enhancing the attractiveness of rural areas, encouraging farmers with high place attachment level to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship, and accelerating the cultivation of new types of agricultural operators, which will help alleviate the arable land abandonment caused by non-agricultural transfer of labour.

Integrated nutrient management on oat + grasspea intercropping system: an evaluation of system productivity, economics, energetics and carbon footprint

A field investigation took place at Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during winter seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 with the aim to evaluate system productivity, economics, energetics and carbon footprint (CF) of oat + grasspea intercropping systems under different integrated nutrient managements (INM). The experiment was executed in split-plot design with 4 cropping systems in main plots and 4 levels of nutrient management in sub plots. The 3:3 intercropping system of oat + grasspea ensured highest system productivity, whereas sole grasspea stood best in terms of economics, energetics and environment safety by lowering CF. Notably, INM involving 75% N through urea + 25% N through vermicompost registered significantly higher system productivity in case of 3:3 oat + grasspea intercropping system (CS4N3) (18.77 q ha−1). Further, this intercropping system yielded high economic profitability (net return: US$ 430.4 ha−1, benefit–cost ratio: 1.71) as well as energy indices (energy output: 71179.1 MJ ha-1, net energy gain: 60352.0 MJ ha−1, energy ratio: 6.57 and energy profitability: 5.57). CF was also found relatively low under CS4N3 (Yield scaled CF: 62.2 kg CO2-e q−1). Furthermore, high carbon efficiency (7.92) and carbon sustainability index (6.92) were also exhibited by CS4N3 as it produced maximum carbon output (1801.2 kg ha−1). In conclusion, the 3:3 oat + grasspea intercropping system using INM can be viable option to ensure economic and energy viability and minimize greenhouse gas emissions without compromising system productivity. Particularly, this intercropping system combined with 75% N through urea + 25% N through vermicompost as INM option can be recommended for the cereal and legume growers of India, specifically under intensive cropping scenario.

Integrated vegetation management within electrical transmission landscapes promotes floral resource and flower-visiting insect diversity.

Electrical transmission rights-of-way are ubiquitous and critical infrastructure across the landscape. Active vegetation management of these rights-of-way, a necessity to deliver electricity more safely, maintains these landscape features as stages of early successional habitat, a rarity in many regions, making these areas viable movement corridors for many taxa. The goals of this study were to (i) evaluate the effects of different electrical transmission landscape management practices on flowering plant and flower-visiting insect diversity parameters and (ii) generate conservation management inferences for these landscapes. In this study we tested the impact of three vegetation management levels across 18 electrical transmission sites. We evaluated the effects of treatment on bloom abundance and species richness as well as flower-visiting insect abundance and family richness. We identified 76541 flowers/inflorescences across 456 transects, including 188 species in 56 plant families. Additionally, we obtained data on 11361 flower-visitoring insects representing 33 families from 2376 pan trap sets. High vegetation management favored the reduction of coarse woody debris in the sites and harbored the highest level of abundance and richness of both floral resources and flower-visiting insects. We discuss that we can align social and ecological values of rights-of-way, ensuring their sustainability by applying regular and targeted integrated vegetation management. Thus, we can use rights-of-way landscapes not only as an effective management strategy for the delivery of essential human services, but also to provide conservation benefits for wild pollinators.

EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN THE NETHERLANDS: SUBJECT-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

The article characterizes educational leadership as one of the basic components of the higher education management system, which is formed by the human management capital of the Netherlands. Legislative educational policies, management documents, reports, as well as scientific research and results of project activities related to strengthening leadership potential in the Netherlands were analyzed. The national and institutional levels of management in the field of higher education are defined. The distribution of functions between national institutions, their features and their place in the national system of higher education of the Netherlands is clarified. The systemic management roles within the higher education institution are characterized.

Data Governance Design with the DAMA-DMBOK Framework (Case Study: PT. XYZ)

In the rapidly evolving digital era, the future sustainability of organizations depends on data and information as crucial elements in every aspect of operations, from understanding customers to developing products and setting strategic directions. PT XYZ, as a company engaged in trading goods/services, recognizes that data has very important value, and becomes a basic element and strategic asset in the decision-making process at the management level. This research aimed to obtain data governance design to the company's conditions by evaluating current data management, identifying data management needs, and formulating data governance design recommendations that align with PT XYZ's needs. This involves outlining the needs and conditions through internal policies, such as strategic plans, organizational structure, job descriptions, and established management procedures within the company. In addition, this approach also identifies data problems through maturity level measurements, analysis of measurement results, and gap analysis. By considering these aspects, the gaps that exist in data management within the company can be identified. It can help formulate a data governance design that meets the company's needs and business objectives based on the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA DMBOK) guidelines. Keywords: DAMA DMBOK, Data Design, Data Governance, Data Management, Maturity Levels.

Circulating glycated albumin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance that is first diagnosed during pregnancy, making it the most common complication associated with this period. Early detection and targeted treatment of GDM can minimize foetal exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and subsequently reduce the associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have inconsistently suggested that the level of glycated albumin (GA) might predict GDM. To review and synthesize existing evidence to evaluate the relationship between GA levels and the development of GDM. We sought to compare GA levels between GDM and control groups in this meta-analysis by systematically searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for articles published up to June 2023. The analysis utilized the weighted mean difference (WMD) as the primary metric. The data were meticulously extracted, and the quality of the included studies was assessed. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis based on study region and sample size. We assessed heterogeneity using I 2 statistics and evaluated publication bias through funnel plots. Additionally, trim-and-fill analysis was employed to detect and address any potential publication bias. The meta-analysis included a total of 11 studies involving 5477 participants, comprising 1900 patients with GDM and 3577 control individuals. The synthesized results revealed a notable correlation between elevated GA levels and increased susceptibility to GDM. The calculated WMD was 0.42, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) ranging from 0.11 to 0.74, yielding a P value less than 0.001. Concerning specific GA levels, the mean GA level in the GDM group was 12.6, while for the control group, it was lower, at 11.6. This discrepancy underscores the potential of GA as a biomarker for assessing GDM risk. Moreover, we explored the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in both cohorts. The WMD for HbA1c was 0.19, with a 95%CI ranging from 0.15 to 0.22 and a P value less than 0.001. This observation suggested that both GA and HbA1c levels were elevated in individuals in the GDM group compared to those in the control group. Our meta-analysis revealed a substantial correlation between elevated GA levels and increased GDM risk. Furthermore, our findings revealed elevated levels of HbA1c in GDM patients, emphasizing the significance of monitoring both GA and HbA1c levels for early GDM detection and effective management.

MATHEMATICS ANXIETY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KOHIMA TOWN, NAGALAND

Every learner needs the basic knowledge of Mathematics to live a fulfilling and contented life. Due to its wide applicability in one’s daily life and in varied fields of knowledge, Mathematics is considered as one of the major and compulsory subject in the school curriculum. Despite, Mathematics being a significant subject in the school curriculum, it is considered the most dreaded subject by learners. Secondary school students appear board exams and Mathematics being one of the major subject makes them more anxious towards the subject. Thus, the present study is aimed at finding the Mathematics Anxiety level of secondary school students with respect to Gender, Type of Management and Class Level. The study was conducted on a sample size of 380 secondary school students. The result of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in the level of Mathematics anxiety between male and female; Private and Government; and class 9 and class 10 students. The study also revealed that the majority of the secondary school students had an average level of Mathematics anxiety.

Evaluation and Division Methods of Coupled Spatial Units between Parks and Living Circles: A Case Study of Four National-Level New Areas

This study, based on the perspective of supply and demand coupling between parks and living circles, divides spatial units by introducing the Thiessen polygon method with urban parks as the core. Simultaneously, the coefficient of variation (CV) was used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of these spatial units. The suitability of the spatial units was comprehensively evaluated through the three indicators of park service support, functional concentration of living circle, and management and development level. The Node–Place (NP) model was used to quantify the coupling relationship between the park and the living circle, and the characteristics of the coupling units were deeply analyzed from the aspects of supply and demand services, coupling configuration relationship, development management, etc. The results are empirically applied to four national-level new areas, thereby providing a new evaluation method and perspective for urban planning and management.

Unlinkable and Revocable Signcryption Scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) can significantly improve the level of urban traffic management. However, the sender unlinkability has become an intricate issue in the field of VANETs’ encryption. As the sender signcrypts a message, the receiver has to use the sender’s identity or public key to decrypt it. Consequently, the sender can be traced using the same identity or public key, which poses some security risks to the sender. To address this issue, we present an unlinkable and revocable signcryption scheme (URSCS), where an efficient and powerful signcryption mechanism is adopted for communication. The sender constructs a polynomial to generate a unique session key for each communication, which is then transmitted to a group of receivers, enabling the same secret message to be sent to multiple receivers. Each time a secret message is sent, a new key pair is generated, and an anonymization mechanism is introduced to conceal the true identity of the vehicle, thus preventing malicious attackers from tracing the sender through the public key or the real identity. With the introduction of the identification public key, this scheme supports either multiple receivers or a single receiver, where the receiver can be either road side units (RSUs) or vehicles. Additionally, a complete revocation mechanism is constructed with extremely low communication overhead, utilizing the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT). Formal and informal security analyses demonstrate that our URSCS scheme meets the expected security and privacy requirements of VANETs. The performance analysis shows that our URSCS scheme outperforms other represented schemes.

Optimizing ESG Management in Enterprises Using 'Internet +' and Big Data Technologies

The in-depth development of "Internet +" has made the application of data information technology in ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) management more extensive and has made the optimization of ESG management the focus of listed companies. The original statistical evaluation method cannot solve the problem of improving the level of ESG management, and the ability to improve the quality of the environment, society and the company is weak, increasing ESG management's difficulty. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on big data technology to optimize ESG management. First, the "Internet +" technology is used to analyze environmental, social and company quality data, and ESG management classification is carried out according to the requirements of listed companies. Then, according to the classification results, the "Internet+" technology forms different ESG management sets and iteratively mines different sets to obtain the optimal optimization strategy. After MATLAB testing, the effect of ESG management can be improved based on Internet + technology. The effect improvement rate reaches 92.6%, the ESG management process is improved, the improvement is 25%, and the ESG management time is reduced to 15 seconds, which meets the ESG management needs of listed companies.

Probiotics and the Role of Dietary Substrates in Maintaining the Gut Health: Use of Live Microbes and Their Products for Anticancer Effects against Colorectal Cancer.

The gut microbiome is an important and the largest endocrine organ linked to the microbes of the GI tract. The bacterial, viral and fungal communities are key regulators of the health and disease status in a host at hormonal, neurological, immunological, and metabolic levels. The useful microbes can compete with microbes exhibiting pathogenic behavior by maintaining resistance against their colonization, thereby maintaining eubiosis. As diagnostic tools, metagenomic, proteomic and genomic approaches can determine various microbial markers in clinic for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Probiotics are live non-pathogenic microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacteria, Firmicutes and Saccharomyces that can help maintain eubiosis when administered in appropriate amounts. In addition, the type of dietary intake contributes substantially to the composition of gut microbiome. The use of probiotics has been found to exert antitumor effects at preclinical levels and promote the antitumor effects of immunotherapeutic drugs at clinical levels. Also, modifying the composition of gut microbiota by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), and using live lactic acid producing bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and their metabolites (termed postbiotics) can contribute to immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. This can lead to tumor-preventive effects at early stages and antitumor effects after diagnosis of CRC. To conclude, probiotics are presumably found to be safe to use in humans and are to be studied further to promote their appliance at clinical levels for management of CRC.

Measuring the Company’s Capabilities and Assessing their Impact on Its Economic Results: Analytic Tools

With the increasing uncertainty of the external environment, the capabilities of companies become the driving force behind their operations and development, making the management of these capabilities an important task for management. The aim of the research is to develop a toolkit for measuring a company’s capabilities, assessing their condition, and evaluating their impact on productivity. The author’s concept is presented, according to which the final results of the company’s activity are formed through the mechanism of interaction of the company’s organizational capability with acquired resources, the formation of resource capabilities (production, financial, labor, and market) and their transformation into tangible and intangible products. Based on this model, methodological guidelines have been developed for measuring the capabilities of organizations and assessing their impact on the final results, a value-functional approach to selecting appropriate indicators, and analytical tools. The following methods have been substantiated: modeling, the indicator method, data convolution, scaling, and statistical methods. To measure capabilities, it is proposed to use indicators aggregated into composite indices through a developed algorithm. The use of sales growth rate, market capitalization, profit before taxes, and net cash flow as the final results of the company (productivity indicators) has been justified. To solve analytical tasks at different levels of management, combinations of methods, tools and indicators called “research formats” (detailed, diagnostic, express diagnostic analysis) were developed. The results of the empirical testing of the author’s research are presented: through detailed analysis, the validity of the proposed approach and tools has been established, and through diagnostic analysis, the stability of the selected indicators and constructed mathematical models beyond the observation period was identified. The result is a toolkit for researching crucial company’s capabilities, enabling management to analyze and monitor these capabilities, assess their productivity, make forecasts of productivity indicators, and develop a system for managing the organization’s capabilities.