Livestock Maintenance Research Articles

Strategi Pemberdayaan Petenak melalui Program Pemanfaatan Biogas dalam Mewujudkan Desa Mandiri Energi di Kecamatan Musuk Kabupaten Boyolali

ABSTRACT The research aims to identify strategies for empowering farmers through biogas utilization programs in realizing Energy Independent Villages. This research was carried out in Sruni Village, Musuk District, Boyolali Regency, in March-April 2024. The method is a survey, the data collection technique in this study uses the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique. Data from this study was collected through observation, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The sampling of this study was determined by a census of 45 people. The research data obtained was analyzed using SWOT analysis. The strength factors in this development program are the economic value of biogas is higher than other fuels, the value of biogas benefits is higher, the role of biogas in the value of environmental pollution The role of the government in the development of biogas. The weak factors in this business are the installation of biogas pipes that are easily clogged, and the maintenance of livestock is part-time. The opportunity factor of this program is to become a place of education and encourage the progress of the livestock sector. Threat factors such as perishable biogas installations and high gas pressure temperatures can cause explosions. The empowerment strategy of livestock farmer groups in Sruni Village, Musuk District, Boyolali Regency includes efforts to develop the creative economy, efforts to improve the quality of biogas, efforts to develop biogas installation technology, efforts to strengthen farmer members with groups, efforts to improve livestock business management, efforts to rehabilitate biogas as alternative energy. Keywords: biogas, energy independent villages, focus group discussion (FGD), participatory rural appraisal (PRA), empowerment strategy.

Design and Building of a Breeding House for IoT-based Goat Farming

Abstract — Goat farming is an industry that supplies goat meat for food purposes. This makes goats have a high potential to boost the economy of the community as their meat products are needed by everyone. These conditions motivate farmers to improve the quality of livestock maintenance so that the livestocks produced are of the highest quality. The development of information technology has facilitated a wide range of human activities, including monitoring activities in goat cages. The use of Information Technology helps farmers to improve the quality of livestock maintenance. The large cage area and the distance between cages and communal settlements are the main reasons for the planned IoT-based cage. This research has developed an IoT-based goat cage design that can be used to monitor livestock maintenance in real time via a website or Android. The methods used in this study were cattle identity information, cattle health through body temperature, cage.

MEASURES OF STATE SUPPORT DURING THE FAMINE OF THE 1930S IN CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN

In the article, the authors consider measures to provide state aid during the famine of the 1930s in the territory of Central Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to consider in the regional aspect the main measures taken in Central Kazakhstan as the main measures to eliminate the consequences of hunger and to provide food assistance to the starving population. Based on archival documents and collections of materials, the authors managed to identify that the state has worked out several ways to help the hungry in order to eliminate the consequences of hunger. First, it is the provision of food, industrial goods and loans to starving areas. Secondly, the issuance of permits for the maintenance of livestock in settled areas to restore livestock production, and thirdly, a reduction in the grain delivery plan, or exemption from it, as well as a reduction or exemption from the unified agricultural tax. Using the example of the Nurinsky district, the authors analyze the implementation of the main decisions of state authorities to eliminate the consequences of famine. The authors of the article conclude that despite the fact that the state handed over wheat, millet and other food support to the hungry, the assistance provided was not insufficient and was delayed. The authors, having studied materials of the archival fund of the Nurinsky district, identified a list of collective farms that received food aid in the form of grain, wheat and other crops, and came to the following conclusion. Firstly, the food aid provided by the state turned out to be late, since at the time of its arrival, famine reached its peak, farms fell into decline, the population died out, and the survivors were forced to migrate; secondly, the amount of aid provided by the state was insufficient to solve the food problem; thirdly, food aid was distributed not only without taking into account the size of farms, but also not for their intended purpose; fourthly, the state authorities failed to correct the current situation in the Kazakh villages.

Effectiveness Analysis of Government Livestock Assistance in Increasing Livestock Population in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Indonesia

This research employs a qualitative approach to explore in-depth insights into the implementation of the government livestock assistance program in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Through this approach, data is obtained from field observations, interviews with recipient farmers, and a review of documents related to program implementation. Data analysis involves delineating the program's implementation stages, identifying inhibiting factors, and evaluating the program's impact on livestock populations and the welfare of farming communities. The findings indicate that, despite the well-executed stages of distribution, counseling, mentoring, and monitoring/evaluation, the livestock assistance program has not been effective in increasing the livestock population. Community empowerment, the main goal of the program, is hindered by the lack of skills among selected livestock aid recipients. As a recommendation, the study suggests that local governments conduct more selective verification and selection of prospective aid recipients to make the program more effective and targeted. Aid recipients are also advised to be consistent in livestock maintenance according to the technical guidance of the relevant department and enhance their understanding of proper livestock farming practices. This study contributes to a better understanding of the implementation of livestock assistance programs at the local level and offers guidance for improving policies and the implementation of similar programs in the future.

Efektivitas Program Lumbung Pangan dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan di Kota Pekanbaru

The effectiveness of the food granary program implemented by the Food Security Office of the city of Pekanbaru in implementing the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 17/Permetan/Hk.140/4/2015 is seen from indicators of program target accuracy, program socialization, achievement of program objectives and program monitoring. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the effectiveness of the food granary program in an effort to realize food security in the city of Pekanbaru using Budiani's theory, as well as analyze what are the inhibiting factors of the effectiveness of the food granary program in an effort to realize food security in the city of Pekanbaru. The method used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis approach that describes the effectiveness of the food granary program in an effort to realize food security in the city of Pekanbaru. In addition, to analyze the inhibiting factors of the effectiveness of the food granary program in efforts to realize food security in the city of Pekanbaru. The results of this study show that in the implementation of the food granary program, the food granary program plan that has been determined is not effective to be implemented. Inhibiting factors for the ineffectiveness of the program are the conversion of food barns that are used as residences by farmers making the crops produced by farmer groups directly sold to agents, maintenance of livestock that is not running well due to environmental factors, the existence of a land distribution system to farmer groups and the Agency.

Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Animal Feed with the Silage Method in Gunungkidul

he scarcity of feed in the dry season, coupled with the very low quality, leads to severe nutritional deficiencies in livestock, one of the leading causes of death. Apart from grazing, there are actually many other alternative sources which, if used effectively and efficiently, will be able to support a very large number of livestock, especially cattle. Potential alternative feeds are agricultural waste in the form of rice straw and corn, which until now have not been used efficiently as animal feed. In Sembuku Hamlet, Dadapayu Village, Gunungkidul, corn planting areas have the highest yield potential in DIY, so corn stalks, corn husks, straw etc., are very likely to be used as potential animal feed. Apart from that, there is still dry matter of peanut shells for animal feed. So, from pasture and corn straw to rice straw, the livestock population is close to 200 heads. The feed cost component is the largest component in livestock maintenance, varying between 70% -100%. In traditional livestock systems, the time required to forage livestock can be as high as 70% to 90%. Progressive, creative and innovative breeders will try to reduce feed prices without reducing the nutritional value of the feed in question because simple breeders only rely on makeshift skills. With these problems, it is possible to apply the idea of overcoming the scarcity of feed, especially during the dry season, by making silage.

Islamic Economic Thought Has Existed Since The Time Of The Prophet Adam Alaihis Salam

Studies on the history of Islamic economics are still very rare, especially the study of Islamic economics before the Nubuwah period or the time of the appointment of the Prophet Muhammad as a Prophet and Apostle. The purpose of this study is to prove that Islamic economic civilization has existed since the time of the Prophet Adam sent by Allah to the earth. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a research library, with a historical methodology approach. The results of the study said that Islamic economic civilization existed long before the Nubuwah era or the time of the appointment of the Prophet Muhammad SAW as a prophet and apostle. At the time of the Prophet Adam, there were very simple economic activities to meet their basic or primary needs. These economic activities are consumption, distribution and production. More and more economic functions were practiced during the time of Noah and Yunus, including the functions of transportation and trade. Even at the time of the Prophet Yusuf, there was already a supply and warehousing function. The time when Prophet Musa carried out economic activities more fully and in detail, namely when Prophet Musa a.s. met with two girls who were queuing to get their cattle to drink and then Prophet Musa offered himself as a representative (wakalah contract) to carry out the duties of the two girls. Furthermore, more intense cooperation in the field of livestock maintenance and development as employees (managers) and shahibul Maal (livestock owners). The economic functions at the time of the Prophet Muhammad were more complete, namely the functions of production, consumption, distribution, human resources and investment. Almost everything was lived by the Prophet Muhammad himself since the age of 8 years. The initial journey that the Prophet Muhammad had carried out was as a deputy at the beginning as a shepherd with a salary system, then as a mudharib in a trading business when the prophet Muhammad was not married, and then after marrying Khadijah the Prophet acted as a shahibul mall and at the same time an investor and this is when the Prophet Muhammad have a lot of time to think about the condition of society, at this time the Prophet had achieved financial freedom or freedom of money

Sosialisasi Penerapan Hidup Sehat dan Pencegahan Penyakit Akibat Hewan Ternak di Desa Kuripan Timur Kecamatan Kuripan

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is an attempt to provide a learning experience or create a condition for individuals, families, groups and society. By opening lines of communication, providing information, andconduct education to increase knowledge as well as attitudes and behavior, through leadership approach, atmosphere building, and empowerment public. the maintenance of livestock is carried out by the people in East Kuripan, namely caring for livestock near the homes or residential areas. through such a maintenance system it becomes one of the sources of disease spread which is very wide and easy. Various types of diseases that often arise as a result of animals that can be transmitted to humans, namely, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow foot and mouth disease (FMD), Brucellosis disease is caused by a lack of attention to the health of these livestock. Through the socialization held, it is hoped that it can change the lifestyle of the community, especially in how to raise livestock.

Nutritional Content Analysis of Crop Residues in Three Agroecologies in East Gojjam Zone.

Livestock is important and plentiful in Ethiopia, but its potential is not being used to its full extent due to limited supply and inconsistent feed supply. This has a negative impact on livestock productivity in the tropics, where crop residues are used as livestock feed. The analysis of the nutritional content of feed and the measurement of feed production are crucial for maintaining the optimal balance of annual livestock feed and improving livestock production. However, no research has been conducted on the nutritional composition of the crop residues in the East Gojjam zone. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the nutritional content of crop residues in the three agroecologies in Ethiopia's East Gojjam zone. Ash, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were analyzed in the feed samples. According to the findings, the overall mean content of DM, ash, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ADL was 92.3, 5.2, 87.1, 4.1, 71, 56.6, and 9.6%, respectively. The faba bean has the highest CP (6.2%), followed by barley straws (5.5%), vetch haulms (5.5%), Eragrostis tef (3.7%), wheat straws (3.2%), and maize stover (2.9%). In general, all crop residues contain CP content below the critical CP level required even for livestock maintenance. The highest NDF was found in barley straw (75.1%), which was followed by wheat straw (72.0%), Eragrostis tef straw (70.2%), vetch haulms (69.3%), maize stover (67.4%), and faba bean haulms (67.2%). All types of crop residues were classified as low-quality feed because they contained more than 65% NDF, which could affect feed intake and livestock production. Therefore, crop residues must be improved using mechanical, biological, and chemical methods in order to increase livestock production in the study areas by increasing feed consumption.

PMEL p.Leu18del dilutes coat color of Kumamoto sub-breed of Japanese Brown cattle

BackgroundCoat color is important for registration and maintenance of livestock. Standard coat color of Kumamoto sub-breed of Japanese Brown cattle is solid brown, but individuals with diluted coat color have been observed recently. In this study, we attempted to identify polymorphism(s) responsible for coat color dilution by whole genome analysis.ResultsOne of the diluted cattle possessed 7302 exonic polymorphisms which could affect genes’ function. Among them, 14 polymorphisms in 10 coat color-related genes were assumed to be specific for the diluted cattle. Subsequent genotyping with three diluted cattle and 74 standard cattle elucidated that PMEL p.Leu18del was the causative polymorphism for coat color dilution in this sub-breed. Individuals with del/del type of this polymorphism showed diluted coat color, but coat color of heterozygotes were intermediate with various dilution rates.ConclusionsCoat color dilution of Kumamoto sub-breed was caused by PMEL p.Leu18del. The causative del allele has been detected in several genetically distant cattle breeds, suggesting that PMEL p.Leu18del can be used as a DNA marker to control cattle coat color.

Tsarist Veterinary Medicine as State Rhetoric of «Care»: Measures to Introduce New Improved Breeds of Livestock in the Kazakh Steppe

The article analyzes the influence of the mechanisms of intervention of the Russian Empire in the system of traditional animal husbandry of the Kazakhs, an industry such as horse breeding, and the development of cattle. The attitude of the center to the maintenance of livestock in the steppe was defined as a shaky, unstable system of economy, which was characterized by underestimating the genuinely complex and specific nature of the type of economy. The center tried in every possible way to save the primitive economy from natural disasters, by solving the issue of haymaking and paddocks, regardless of the natural and climatic conditions of the steppe itself, improving livestock, through crossing with other breeds, also not providing for the ability to live in a harsh climate and the needs of the Kazakhs themselves hoping to get hardy offspring. In turn, the tsarist administration saw no need for this endurance. They were offering the latter an alternative way of development, in heavy-drawn type producers, first of all, as pack animals, while the cavalry needed tall, graceful in shape, riding horses. In this sense, the rhetoric of improving pastoralism was a justification for imperial rule in the steppe, covered by economic access.

PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KORBAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH TERNAK (Studi Penelitian Di Kabupaten Pidie)

Traffic accident victims have the right to get protection as stated in Law Number 22 of 2009 Article 241 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, which states that "Every traffic accident victim has the right to prioritize first aid and treatment at the nearest hospital in accordance with provisions of laws and regulations. That the problem in this study is what are the factors for the occurrence of traffic accident victims caused by livestock and how are efforts to protect victims of traffic accidents caused by livestock. This study aims to determine the factors of the occurrence of victims of traffic accidents caused by livestock and to determine the protection efforts against victims of traffic accidents caused by livestock. The benefit of this research is to be able to contribute ideas to law students, especially in the field of Criminal Law, especially regarding all aspects related to traffic accident regulations caused by livestock.The method that the researcher uses is the empirical juridical method with qualitative analysis. The data were obtained through library research activities and field research. Data analysis was carried out from the beginning and continued throughout the research process, including collecting data, reducing or shrinking data, analyzing data and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research that became a factor in traffic accidents, namely the human factor itself, both from the driver who was careless or negligent so that his attention was not focused when driving, and also because the speed of the vehicle was too high so that the vehicle could not be controlled, and from livestock owners who not watching and letting his cattle roam the highway. And the protection efforts given to victims because no livestock owners were found, namely from the police who provided direct handling at the scene, and from the hospital providing care to victims borne by BPJS. It is hoped that the regional government of Pidie Regency will immediately review the Pidie Regency Qanun concerning Control of Livestock Maintenance in Pidie Regency Number 7 of 2012 with stricter sanctions and fines, so that there is a deterrent effect for livestock owners who let their livestock roam freely on the road.

Prospects for the Use of Digital Technologies in the Work of a Poultry Zootechnician

Digitalization of technological processes makes it possible to optimize the cost for the poultry products. The low level of digitalization in determining the state of the poultry livestock is due to a significant amount of organoleptic research in the work of a zootechnician-poultry breeder. The absence of numerical indicators of controlled parameters entails a subjective assessment, limits the amount of information when transmitting data via electronic communication channels, complicates the process of training specialized personnel, reduces the efficiency of resources consumed (feed, heat and electricity, and others). (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the prospects of digitalization of the functions of zootechnics in the optimization of technological processes of poultry farming. (Materials and methods) For the research, there were used documentary research, data analysis, and search experiments. (Results and discussion) The shortcomings of existing methods of determining the quality and comfort of livestock maintenance and its condition were revealed by the example of current recommendations on the content of highly productive meat of cross chickens. The following components of keeping poultry have the potential for optimization: maintaining the microclimate in the poultry house, veterinary care, wages, repair of fixed assets. The large amounts of digital data obtained by instrumental means for monitoring zootechnical indicators of poultry have the wide using possibilities. (Conclusions) The article presents a list of technical analogues of organoleptic control methods based on the use of thermal imaging equipment, video analytics, acoustic sensors, indirect signs using traditional technical control data. The article proposes an algorithm for processing large data arrays, which allows to increase the optimization of technological processes. Described modern technical solutions in the field of agricultural automation have wide prospectives.

Pola dan Sistem Pemeliharaan Ternak Sapi Bali di Kabupaten Muna

The livestock sector is a potential in the provision of animal origin food and is a source of income for farmers. The research was conducted in Muna Regency from October to December 2020 aimed to see the pattern and system of livestock maintenance using survey methods by determining samples using purposive sampling as many as 150 respondents spread in Muna Regency. The type of data used in the form of primary data and secondary data is obtained from the results of research and literature studies through the help of quisioners. The data obtained is then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that livestock maintenance system is divided into 3 intensive parts as much as 4%, semi-intensive 49,9% and extensive 46,1% with a maintenance pattern of 96,009% nurseries, and 3,991% fattening.

Приозерное поселение начала эпохи железа в уральской тайге

The article presents the characteristics of the multi-temporal settlements that existed in the 8th—3rd centuries BC on the ruins of Shaitanskoe Lake II, a unique sanctuary of the beginning of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of the village Neivo-Rudyanka, Sverdlovsk Region. This is the first most fully investigated (1149 sq. m) site of the early Iron Age of the mountain-forest Trans-Urals, located on a low lakeside terrace. The ceramic and tool complexes of the Gamayun culture, descendants of the taiga tribes of Western Siberia, who came from the north, as well as the communities of the local Itkul’ and heterogeneous Iset’ cultures, characterize the inhabitants of the settlements as settled fishermen and hunters who were familiar with the basic producing economy (livestock maintenance, copper foundry). The absence of long-term stationary dwellings and a powerful cultural layer is typical for ancient seasonal summer camps and villages. The presence of a small amount of ceramics from Gorokhovo and Baitovo cultures documents forced relocation of a part of the population from the Tobol region into the Trans-Ural taiga in the 5th—3rd centuries BC, under the pressure of cattle-breeding tribes of the Sargat culture, ancient ancestors of the Hungarians, moving from the Ishim-Irtysh forest-steppe.

The Return of Large Carnivores and Extensive Farming Systems: A Review of Stakeholders' Perception at an EU Level.

Simple SummaryLarge carnivores and husbandry practices are important contributors to biodiversity integrity. However, conflicts that may arise when carnivores and livestock share the same areas may undermine both carnivore conservation and the maintenance of husbandry activities. Through the revision of the existing literature regarding human–carnivore conflict at a European Union (EU) level, our work aimed to assess stakeholders’ perception towards large carnivores (bear and wolf). The results showed that those categories (i.e., rural inhabitants and hunters), which were affected the most by the presence of carnivores were those who showed the most negative attitude. We showed that direct experience with carnivores has led the opinion of certain categories to become more negative. Furthermore, we did not find differences in terms of degree of tolerance by comparing areas in which carnivores and humans have coexisted for centuries and areas in which carnivores were extirpated. In the light of carnivore population dynamics, we recommend monitoring changes in attitudes over time to define appropriate solutions aimed at mitigating carnivore impacts.Conflicts between large carnivores and human activities undermine both the maintenance of livestock practices as well as the conservation of carnivores across Europe. Because large carnivore management is driven by a common EU policy, the purpose of this research was to assess stakeholders’ perception towards bears and wolves at an EU level. We conducted a systematic search and subsequent analysis of 40 peer-reviewed studies collected from 1990 to September 2020 within Member States of the EU. Rural inhabitants and hunters exhibited the most negative attitude compared to urban inhabitants and conservationists, whose attitude was more positive. We showed that direct experience with predators as a consequence of ongoing re-colonization may have affected the degree of acceptance of certain categories and that the long-term coexistence between humans and carnivores does not necessarily imply increased tolerance. To encourage coexistence, we recommend monitoring changes in attitudes over time relative to carnivore population dynamics.

EFFICIENCY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN RABBIT BREEDING TECHNOLOGY

Objective. Evaluate the efficiency and calculate the economic feasibility of using a new strain of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. 13/2 in rabbit breeding technology under industrial conditions. Methods. Microbiological, economical, statistical. Results. The average weight of animals at the end of fattening was almost the same in both groups. However, when using a strain of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. 13/2 in rabbit breeding technology, lower mortality rate in young animals and reduction of feed costs for their fattening was reported in comparison with the control. In the experimental group, animal mortality rate was 2.94 % versus 12.5 % in the control group, the average feed consumption for fattening per 1 kg of live weight gain decreased by 9 %. A positive economic effect in the experimental group was observed when the cost of sales increased per 1 head by UAH 7.48 (4 %) if the carcass price was UAH 140/kg. At the same time, the prime cost of 1 kg of gain decreased by UAH 1.98 (9 %). Also, the use of lactic acid bacteria reduced the cost of feed consumed per 1 head by UAH 1.77 (5 %) if the cost of feed was UAH 6/kg. Despite the decrease in the profitability of rabbit production by 1.5 %, the use of a new promising strain of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. 13/2 during the fattening of rabbits had a positive effect on the maintenance of livestock, resulting in the decreased lost profit in the experimental group by UAH 277.08 (75 %). In terms of 1 head, the lost profit in the experimental and control groups was UAH 2.79 and UAH 13.99, respectively, due to which the use of lactic acid bacteria is completely regained. Conclusion. The positive effect of the use of Lactobacillus sp. 13/2 in rabbit breeding technology, which is manifested by a reduction in animal mortality and a reduction in feed costs for fattening, was established. The use of lactic acid bacteria helps to increase the economic efficiency of rabbit breeding, especially due to the reduction of lost profits. The economic effect is achieved without significant additional costs. The additional costs associated with the use of lactic acid bacteria are regained.

APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI KULIT BUAH COKLAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PAKAN TERNAK DI NAGARI LURAH AMPALU KECAMATAN VII KOTO PADANG PARIAMAN

Nagari Lurah Ampalu merupakan salah satu sentra produksi coklat(cacao) yang terbesar di Sumatera Barat, dengan demikian limbah kulit buah coklat cukup banyak tersedia tapi belum termanfaatkan dengan optimal, Untuk perlu penyuluhan tentang teknologi sederhana yang dapat dipergunakan dalam pengolahan limbah tersebut. Salah satu teknologinya adalah fermentasi dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan (dialog interatif) antara masyarakat dengan teim tentang : teknologi fermentasi, Pemanfaatan limbah coklat, pemeliharaan ternak yang baik dan masalah yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah: adanya antusias masyarakat yang tinggi, pendidikan yang masih rendah dengan pengalaman yang sudah cukup lama. Hasil fermentasi cukup baik (bau harum, warna tidak berubah dari asalnya, dan tidak ada jamur) dan hasil pengamatan saat diberikan pada ternak cukup baik dimana ternak sangat menyukai dengan demikian tingkat konsumsi meningkat dan pertambahan berat badan meningkat dengan pemberian 25 % dari Hijauan.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПАСТБИЩНЫХ УГОДИЙ ПРИ СОДЕРЖАНИИ СКОТА В ЛИЧНЫХ ПОДСОБНЫХ ХОЗЯЙСТВАХ

The authors of the article consider the institutional framework for regulating the use of rangelands in rural areas for the effective maintenance of livestock on household farms. On the basis of a detailed analysis, the issues of pastures allocated for livestock grazing to personal subsidiary farms have been identified. An assessment of the pasture lands of rural settlements and standards of the maximum permissible load of grazing of agricultural animals on the area of pasture turnover for the natural-agricultural zones of the republic and types of livestock are presented. The regions with a shortage of pasture lands and high concentration of the rural population, located in the foothill-desert-steppe, foothill-desert and mountain zones, incompliance of livestock kept in households and the level of pasture provision are identified. Areas with a low load of livestock on pasture land are identified. In the desert and semi-desert zones, there is an insufficient number of livestock for effective near-village pasture rotation. The ratio of the standards of need and provision in pasture fodder in different natural and agricultural zones by species composition of livestock is shown. The degree of use of pasture lands in various forms of economy of the republic is indicated, pastures assigned to peasant (private) farms are used with full load. Non-state agricultural enterprises within the boundaries of land use have a reserve potential of unused pastures with an area of 10.4 mln ha. A formula for determining the productivity and capacity of pasture lands for organizing cattle grazing is presented. Recommendations and schemes of pasture rotation are presented to preserve the productivity of natural forage lands of near-aul territories of zonal types of pastures, to radically improve the natural-economic zoning of Kazakhstan.

MODERN "HERD MANAGEMENT" SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF MODEL DAIRY FARMS

In terms of transition to loose housing, the issue of herd management is becoming especially acute. The aim of the study is to substantiate the efficiency of milk production using innovative technologies based on 7 model dairy farms containing 100 or more dairy cows. The relevance of the research topic is in the analysis of the effective application of the “Herd Management” system through digital technologies and intensive feeding for raising young animals of various groups. The economic effect of the introduction of innovative technologies in these economic entities is shown, which made it possible to determine the potential for their development, to assess the results of conducting production processes. The authors note the importance for dairy industry of the transfer and adaptation of technologies for automation of technological processes for production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan, which will contribute to the achievement of goals and indicators as part of the implementation of the State Program on Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021. Examples of model farms, where high financial indicators were obtained on the basis of calculations, are presented. It was revealed that the development of dairy cattle breeding and the increase in productivity of cows largely depends on intensification of forage production, organization of proper care and maintenance of livestock, the breed and quality of raised heifers intended for reproduction. It was determined that in the experimental groups, when optimizing the feed rations of young cattle, the increase in live weight of the studied farm animals increases.