Main Segments Research Articles

Dynamics of Sediment Transport and Erosion-Deposition Patterns in the Locality of a Detached Low-Crested Breakwater on a Cohesive Coast

Understanding the dynamics of sediment transport and erosion-deposition patterns in the locality of a coastal structure is vital to evaluating the performance of coastal structures and predicting the changes in coastal dynamics caused by a specific structure. The nearshore hydro-morphodynamic responses to coastal structures vary widely, as these responses are complex functions with numerous parameters, including structural design, sediment and wave dynamics, angle of approach, slope of the coast and the materials making up the beach and structures. This study investigated the sediment transport and erosion-deposition patterns in the locality of a detached low-crested breakwater protecting the cohesive shore of Carey Island, Malaysia. The data used for this study were collected from field measurements and secondary sources from 2014 to 2015. Sea-bed elevations were monitored every two months starting from December 2014 to October 2015, in order to quantify the sea-bed changes and investigate the erosion-deposition patterns of the cohesive sediment due to the existence of the breakwater. In addition, numerical modelling was also performed to understand the impacts of the breakwater on the nearshore hydrodynamics and investigate the dynamics of fine sediment transport around the breakwater structure. A coupled two-dimensional hydrodynamics-sediment transport model based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and cell-centered finite volume method with flexible meshing approach was adopted for this study. Analysis of the results showed that the detached breakwater reduced both current speed and wave height behind the structure by an average of 0.12 m/s and 0.1 m, respectively. Also, the breakwater made it possible for trapped suspended sediment to settle in a sheltered area by approximately 8 cm in height near to the first main segment of the breakwater, from 1 year after its construction. The numerical results were in line with the field measurements, where sediment accumulations were concentrated in the landward area behind the breakwater. In particular, sediment accumulations were concentrated along the main segments of the breakwater structure during the Northeast (NE) season, while concentration near the first main segment of the breakwater were recorded during the Southwest (SW) season. The assessment illustrated that the depositional patterns were influenced strongly by the variations in seasonal hydrodynamic conditions, sediment type, sediment supply and the structural design. Detached breakwaters are rarely considered for cohesive shores; hence, this study provides new, significant benefits for engineers, scientists and coastal management authorities with regard to seasonal dynamic changes affected by a detached breakwater and its performance on a cohesive coast.

Speech-ABR in contralateral noise: A potential tool to evaluate rostral part of the auditory efferent system

In parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all parts of the auditory pathways from auditory cortex to the cochlea. The auditory efferent system has two main segments: the rostral and the caudal parts. The rostral part, which starts from the cortical centers to thalamic nuclei and continues into collicular pathways in rostral brainstem, which sends its neural fibers to the main collicular nuclei especially inferior colliculus. The caudal part includes the olivocochlear bundle, which originates from the superior olivary complex and terminates on the cochlear hair cells. Most studies about the auditory efferent system have focused only on the caudal part using otoacoustic emission suppression test. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) as an electrophysiologic test that uses speech stimuli to simulate real-life auditory conditions, reflects the performance of rostral brainstem centers, so structurally seems to be an appropriate candidate to examine the rostral part of the auditory efferent system. Our hypothesis is that S-ABR in noisy condition, a typical condition for stimulating the auditory efferent system, has the potential to be used as an objective noninvasive electrophysiologic test for studying the rostral auditory efferent system in diagnosis and treatment/rehabilitation follow-ups. In addition, S-ABR can potentially reflect higher-order auditory functions and the effects of their dysfunctions on the lower brainstem. This characteristic makes S-ABR even more suitable tool for evaluation of the efferent system. To evaluate our hypothesis, Eighteen normal hearing subjects in the age range of 18–25 were tested in a pilot study for S-ABR in quiet mode and three signal to noise ratios of +10,0 and −10 for both ears. Then we checked the correlation between the results of S-ABR in different conditions and scores of auditory behavioral tests that auditory efferent system is involved in them: Consonant-Vowel perception in noise, dichotic Consonant-Vowel-Consonant and sound lateralization in noise. The results of our pilot study showed a significant correlation between S-ABR changes in noise with the scores of the behavioral tests in noisy or dichotic situations. Findings of the current study suggest that S-ABR with specific contralateral noise can be an appropriate option for evaluating the performance of rostral part of the auditory efferent system and may be suitable for top-down auditory training follow-ups, although the generalization of these results needs further studies in different groups with different auditory processing abnormalities or skills.

Preliminary Result of Hypocenter Relocation Using Double Difference Method along Sumatran Fault, Indonesia

The Sumatran fault zone has a high seismicity and seismic hazard threat levels due to this fracture through densely populated areas. The fault zone of Sumatera has 19 main segments which each segment has the possibility to generate a strong earthquake. Therefore, in this study we attempt to improve the accuracy of hypocenter locations which is needed as basic analysis in advance seismology and in seismic hazard analysis. The final objective of this study is to analyze the subsurface seismic velocity structure of the Sumatran fault by applying seismic tomography method. For the preliminary result, we have been conducting double-difference method to relocate 967 events recorded by 49 stations compiled by Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (MCGA) from 2009 to 2017 along Sumatran fault. Our preliminary results from the relocation proces indicate prominent features of event cluster around Sumatra fault system. The next step, we will improve the onset of P-and S-wave arrival time by using waveform cross-correlation in order to get more reliable hypocenter location.

A new methodology for customer behavior analysis using time series clustering

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new methodology that handles the issue of the dynamic behavior of customers over time. Design/methodology/approach A new methodology is presented based on time series clustering to extract dominant behavioral patterns of customers over time. This methodology is implemented using bank customers’ transactions data which are in the form of time series data. The data include the recency (R), frequency (F) and monetary (M) attributes of businesses that are using the point-of-sale (POS) data of a bank. This data were obtained from the data analysis department of the bank. Findings After carrying out an empirical study on the acquired transaction data of 2,531 business customers that are using POS devices of the bank, the dominant trends of behavior are discovered using the proposed methodology. The obtained trends were analyzed from the marketing viewpoint. Based on the analysis of the monetary attribute, customers were divided into four main segments, including high-value growing customers, middle-value growing customers, prone to churn and churners. For each resulted group of customers with a distinctive trend, effective and practical marketing recommendations were devised to improve the bank relationship with that group. The prone-to-churn segment contains most of the customers; therefore, the bank should conduct interesting promotions to retain this segment. Practical implications The discovered trends of customer behavior and proposed marketing recommendations can be helpful for banks in devising segment-specific marketing strategies as they illustrate the dynamic behavior of customers over time. The obtained trends are visualized so that they can be easily interpreted and used by banks. This paper contributes to the literature on customer relationship management (CRM) as the proposed methodology can be effectively applied to different businesses to reveal trends in customer behavior. Originality/value In the current business condition, customer behavior is changing continually over time and customers are churning due to the reduced switching costs. Therefore, choosing an effective customer segmentation methodology which can consider the dynamic behaviors of customers is essential for every business. This paper proposes a new methodology to capture customer dynamic behavior using time series clustering on time-ordered data. This is an improvement over previous studies, in which static segmentation approaches have often been adopted. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that combines the recency, frequency, and monetary model and time series clustering to reveal trends in customer behavior.

A Multi-Task Neural Approach for Emotion Attribution, Classification, and Summarization

Emotional content is a crucial ingredient in user-generated videos. However, the sparsity of emotional expressions in the videos poses an obstacle to visual emotion analysis. In this paper, we propose a new neural approach, Bi-stream Emotion Attribution-Classification Network (BEAC-Net), to solve three related emotion analysis tasks: emotion recognition, emotion attribution, and emotion-oriented summarization, in a single integrated framework. BEAC-Net has two major constituents, an attribution network and a classification network. The attribution network extracts the main emotional segment that classification should focus on in order to mitigate the sparsity issue. The classification network utilizes both the extracted segment and the original video in a bi-stream architecture. We contribute a new dataset for the emotion attribution task with human-annotated ground-truth labels for emotion segments. Experiments on two video datasets demonstrate superior performance of the proposed framework and the complementary nature of the dual classification streams.

An analytical algorithm for the pylon saddle pushing stage and distance during the suspension bridge construction

During the construction of suspension bridges, the stress state of the pylon (tower) is improved by pushing the pylon saddle by an appropriate distance at the proper time. An analytical algorithm for the assessment of the required timing and displacements for the pylon saddle pushing at particular construction stages is proposed and verified in this study. The timing calculation is based on the assessment of current hanger tensile forces at each construction stage and the pylon stress state, while the pushing distance/displacement is derived from the conditions of elevation difference closure and the conservation of unstrained length of the main cable segments. This algorithm was successfully applied during the construction of a particular suspension bridge in China with a main span of 730 m. The results obtained strongly indicate that the bending moment in the pylon bottom is contributed by both horizontal and vertical forces of the main cable. The horizontal constituent is dominant and its share gradually increases in the bridge construction process. In a suspension bridge with side spans of various lengths, the stresses in the pylon bottom on the side with a larger side span is more likely to exceed the limit. Therefore, the respective strength criterion controls the pylon saddle-pushing schedule. The proposed analytical algorithm is quite straightforward and is recommended for wider application.

An Industry in Transition: The Chemical Industry and the Megatrends Driving Its Forthcoming Transformation.

Significant product and process innovation is taking place in the chemical industry. Rather than making bold predictions, this Essay emphasizes that this change, due to impact both main segments of the industry, is driven by societal megatrends concerning the environment, health, and energy which permeate societies on a global scale.

An Industry in Transition: The Chemical Industry and the Megatrends Driving Its Forthcoming Transformation

AbstractSignificant product and process innovation is taking place in the chemical industry. Rather than making bold predictions, this Essay emphasizes that this change, due to impact both main segments of the industry, is driven by societal megatrends concerning the environment, health, and energy which permeate societies on a global scale.

Proactive Financial Reporting Enforcement: Audit Fees and Financial Reporting Quality Effects

ABSTRACT We examine the costs and benefits of proactive financial reporting enforcement by the U.K. Financial Reporting Review Panel. Enforcement scrutiny is selective and varies by sector and over time, yet can be anticipated by auditors and companies. We find evidence that increased enforcement intensity leads to temporary increases in audit fees and more conservative accruals. However, cross-sectional analysis across market segments reveals that audit fees increase primarily in the less-regulated AIM segment, and especially those AIM companies with a higher likelihood of financial distress and less stringent governance. On the contrary, less reliable operating asset-related accruals are more conservative in the Main segment and, in particular, those Main companies with stronger incentives for higher financial reporting quality. Overall, our study indicates that financial reporting enforcement generates costs and benefits, but not always for the same companies. JEL Classifications: K42; M41; M42; M48. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

CHANGE OF RUSSIA’S COMPETITIVE POSITIONS IN THE WORLD MARKET OF SPACE PRODUCTS

Subject of research – the Russian space industry against the background of the main trends of development of the world market of space products. Research objective – to give an assessment to specifics of the competition in the main segments of the world space industry and to consider the main trends of development of the Russian space industry. The result of research is that at the present stage big changes of an environment of the world space market are observed, and also competitive positions of Russia in world private and state astronautics have been scientifically substantiated and generalized. The transnational companies in the industry become more flexible and strive to provide high level of quality of the activity. In the Russian space industry more intent attention is required to quality of industrial management.

Progressive accretion of antitaxial crystal fibres: Implications for the kinematics and dynamics of vein dilation

We made field and petrographic observations of antitaxial crystal fibres in the gypsum veins of the Mercia Mudstone (SW England) to examine the kinematic and dynamic implications of these fibres. The gypsum fibres are predominantly oriented oblique to vein walls, indicating that the veins were formed in a shear-extension mode rather than pure tension mode. Fibres in single veins are parallel aligned, regardless of the vein-wall curvatures, except those in the tapering tip zones. Field data demonstrate that there is no clear correlation between fibre plunges and vein dips. Fibres in many vein steps exhibit the same orientations as those in the main vein segments, suggesting that these steps were formed as reactivated pre-existing faults/fractures instead of dilatational jogs. Vein tips that propagated progressively, commonly curved towards the planes of neighbouring larger veins, or interacted with the tips of adjacent sub-parallel veins, suggesting that vein propagation may have been dominated by the local stress field rather than remote stresses. Fibres in vein branches may not share the same orientations as those in the parent veins. The host marls are commonly segmented into multiple parts by interconnected vein arrays that contain differently oriented fibres in each vein. Our study suggests that the gypsum veins lack evidence for crack-seal increments, and the crystal fibres in the veins had a continuous accretion towards vein walls. The fibres are parallel to vein opening directions as indicated by the correlative vein-wall irregularities, and are of great potential for kinematic analysis and deformation restoration of the host rocks. Vein dilation could be driven by force of crystallization of veins exerted on the enclosing rocks, which could have caused a growth-related compaction and fracturing rather than uplifting the overlying strata that was accompanied with a bulk extension.

THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE MODIFICATION OF THE FINAL OPINION OF THE AUDITOR IN THE OFFICIAL REPORT: FROM STANDARDS TO PRACTICE

The subject of this publication is the classification and systematization of factors that influence the modification of the auditor’s opinion in the official report on the accuracy of the financial statements of client companies. A cluster of influencing factors was substantiated and proposed, based on the possible presence of material misstatements, events of significant uncertainty, and full disclosures in the notes to the financial statements. On the basis of a comparative analysis of statistical data on the results of mandatory and initiative audit, the main trends in the ratio of various types of auditors' opinions and the degree of their modification, formed in the main segment of the audit services market in Ukraine, are identified. The logical chain of transforming the auditor’s professional judgment into a final opinion in a general format, as well as taking into account the effect of significant uncertainty events, is substantiated and presented. As a tool for the practical implementation of the requirements of the International Auditing Standards, Matrices of dependence of the influential groups of factors and the degree of modification of the auditor's opinion under specific circumstances and results of the assignment are proposed. The purpose of the study was to identify and systematize the factors that influence the modification of the final opinion on the reliability of the financial statements of client enterprises in the official report of the auditor; in the development of tools for the practical implementation of the requirements of international professional standards to justify the degree of modification of opinion, providing sufficient confidence to interested users, minimizing their information risks. Sources and research methods: the information base of the research was the International Standards for Quality Control, Audit, Review, Other Provision of Confidence and Related Services (2016-2017) of the Council on International Standards on Auditing and Providing Confidence of the International Federation of Accountants; official statistics on the market of audit services in Ukraine (201 4 –2017); scientific publications; personal observations of the author. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis; systematic approach and systematization; dialectical, logical, economic and statistical methods. Results and practical significance: the obtained results allow us to conclude that in order to ensure the proper quality of performance of tasks for auditing the financial statements, auditing entities must, with due care and professional skepticism, approach the substantiation of their opinion, especially if it is modified. The proposed logical chain of formation of professional judgment and independent opinion of the auditor focuses on the general and specific factors influencing the choice of its type. The pragmatic value of the research is the algorithm for determining the effect of compliance with the assumption of the continuity of client enterprises on the choice of the type of auditor’s opinion with regard to its possible modification. Matrices of influence of influential groups of factors and the degree of modification of the auditor’s opinion ( а opinion with caution, а negative opinion, а refusal to express an opinion) are tools for effective navigation in order to implement the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing.

Perceived situational appropriateness for foods and beverages: consumer segmentation and relationship with stated liking

A degree of inter-individual heterogeneity in perceived situational appropriateness for foods and beverages (F&B) was predicted to exist, and empirically confirmed in studies with >1000 Australian and New Zealand adult consumers (urban dwelling). Two main consumer segments labelled “adaptive” and “conforming” were identified. The main difference between the segments was in the number of F&B items considered appropriate for a certain eating occasion, with this number being smaller in the segments that seemed to more strongly conform to common norms about what is appropriate to eat and drink at breakfast-, lunch- and dinner-time. There was a positive relationship between perceived appropriateness and stated product liking in accordance with previous reports, and generally less liked foods/beverages were regarded as less appropriate. However, there was also evidence of non-linearity in this relationship such that some highly liked foods were inappropriate for a focal eating occasion (e.g., cereal/muesli at dinner time). Demographic/socio-economic and psychographic variables were largely unsuccessful in explaining segment differences, and, in particular, generalised trait tendency to conform did not differentiate consumers in “adaptive” and “conforming” segments. Food neophobia was, in some instances, linked to reduced perceived appropriateness, but generally, consumers with high neophobia (FNS > 50) responded similarly to the aggregate sample in terms of F&Bs considered to be high vs. low in appropriateness for eating occasions taking place at breakfast-, lunch- and dinner- time. Future research should extend to other F&B stimuli relevant to Australia and New Zealand, to different consumer populations and culturally appropriate F&B stimuli, and also seek to better understand the antecedents of perceived situational appropriateness and how these underpin consumer segments based on appropriateness.

Regional meat market: a specific structure and development priorities

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to meet the needs of the population in meat products, the formation of a reliable balanced source of raw materials, and the implementation of import substitution policies. The purpose of this scientific work is to assess the modern functioning of the meat market in the Voronezh region and to justify the priority directions for the further development of its main segments. The study used the methods of portfolio and economic-statistical analysis, as well as theoretical and practical research results of the authors. The study noted an increase in the market supply due to an increase in regional meat production (with a decrease in imports, including imports of meat and meat products). Also it found an increase in export volumes, including exports of meat products, which was a result of excess production indicators recommended by the norms of rational consumption of meat products (to some extent). The results of the portfolio analysis indicate a growing market for pork and poultry meat, high rates of growth in the markets for beef, lamb, and goat meat. The effective functioning of the meat market in the Voronezh region is facilitated by the clustering process currently underway, which ensures the use of modern high-performance technologies and enhances the efficiency and competitiveness of the regional agro-industrial complex.

Assessing the influence of Information and Communication Technologies on energy productivity

Abstract The digitalization current is among one of the most relevant factors that currently drive transformation in the economy, with different degrees of impact across the main segments of the economy. As the topic of sustainability is now on the agenda of the biggest economic players, digitalization and the ability to leverage Information and Communication Technology opportunities have been recognized as drivers for innovation and change and a means to reach the sustainability goals. Reaching energy efficiency has been among the main objectives of both the public and the private sectors, leading to an increased interest in recognizing and capitalizing on energy efficiency opportunities. This in turn has an impact on the overall energy productivity, defined as the economic output per unit of energy. While this indicator has relevance at both micro and macro level, it is important to identify which makes some countries perform better than others. In the current economic context, studying how the performance of countries in the digital era correlates with the energy productivity can reveal further information on how it can be improved. The Networked Readiness Index is an indicator which assesses how well a country can capitalize on digital technologies and whether their usage of Information and Communication Technology has a relevant socio-economic impact. This paper analyzes which components that are assessed in a country’s Networked Readiness Index might influence energy productivity. Based on a panel data analysis performed on European countries, the study identifies that the individual usage of Information and Communication Technologies, the business and innovation environment and the usage of ICT by the business segment could have an impact on the energy productivity of a country.

O uso das redes sociais para o fortalecimento dos movimentos culturais

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o fortalecimento dos movimentos culturais mediante ao uso das redes sociais e suas potencialidades. Métodos: Por se tratar de uma revisão de literatura, para este trabalho se fez necessário um levantamento de obras bibliográficas que tratam da cultura e da comunicação digital, a fim de compreender os mesmos. Revisão Bibliográfica: A cultura apresenta-se como um dos principais segmentos de uma cidade ou região, sendo importante a sua valorização e disseminação para toda a comunidade. No cenário atual, emerge a necessidade de se utilizar espaços que contribuam para o fortalecimento desse setor, para isto as redes sociais podem ser um forte aliado na promoção da cultura, contribuindo para o compartilhamento e interação dos indivíduos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as redes sociais são espaços pertinentes para a interação e o fortalecimento dos movimentos culturais, apresentando-se como uma forma barata e rápida de proliferação das informações.

Attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investment and Export Performance in Morocco: The Case of the Automotive Industry

<p><em>Thanks to its geopolitical position and its know-how, Morocco has established itself as a leader in the automotive sector on the continent. The Moroccan automotive industry has experienced remarkable growth in recent years. A dazzling progression that is not about to stop. Thus, Morocco has become the 28th largest car exporter in the world, first in North Africa and second on the African continent.</em></p><p><em>Its performance is particularly remarkable in terms of exports and job creation, for which the sector is growing at a double-digit rate with more than 80.000 people in 2016 compared to 39.131 in 2008. Cabling is the leading employer segment with nearly 69.5% in 2016, followed by seats and seat covers (9%) and automotive manufacturing (8.3%).</em></p><p><em>And with MAD58.8 billion in export sales in 2017, compared with MAD12.7 billion in 2007, the automotive sector is the leading export sector. This performance contributed to the overall evolution of Moroccan exports by nearly 36.7%. In 2017, the automotive sector became the country’s leading export sector for the fourth consecutive year. Its share rose to 23.6% in 2017 (5.5% of GDP) from 10.1% in 2007 (2.1% of GDP).</em></p><p><em>An analysis of Moroccan export markets by destination shows that France and Spain are Morocco’s main customers. Thus, cabling remains the main export segment to Spain. On the other hand, for France, Germany, Italy, Turkey and the United Kingdom, automotive manufacturing is the predominant branch in exports. Outside European countries, exports of vehicles produced in Morocco doubled to Algeria between 2016 and 2017, and have increased in recent years to Asian countries, mainly China.</em></p><p><em>Foreign direct investment income from the automotive industry rose sharply to MAD3.3 billion in 2017, up from MAD0.7 billion in 2010. France remains the leading direct investor in the automotive sector (82% in 2017), followed by the USA (8%) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Production and exports should continue to rise thanks to a MAD6 billion investment by PSA Peugeot Citroën, which will set up a plant in Morocco in the municipality of Ameur Seflia, in the Gharb Chrarda-Beni Hssen region, on the edge of the Atlantic Free Zone integrated industrial platform.</em></p>

Hydrolytic Degradation of Actuators Based on Copolymer Networks From Oligo(ε-caprolactone) Dimethacrylate and n-Butyl Acrylate

ABSTRACTShape-memory polymer actuators often contain crystallizable polyester segments. Here, the influence of accelerated hydrolytic degradation on the actuation performance in copolymer networks based on oligo(ε-caprolactone) dimethacrylate (OCL) and n-butyl acrylate is studied. The semi-crystalline OCL was utilized as crosslinker with molecular weights of 2.3 and 15.2 kg∙mol−1 (ratio: 1:1 wt%) and n-butyl acrylate (25 wt% relative to OCL content) acted as softening agent creating the polymer main chain segments within the network architecture. The copolymer networks were programmed by 50% elongation and were degraded by means of alkaline hydrolysis utilizing sodium hydroxide solution (pH = 13). Experiments were performed in the range of the broad melting range of the actuators at 40 °C. The degradation of test specimen was monitored by the sample mass, which was reduced by 25 wt% within 105 d. As degradation products, fragments of OCL with molecular masses ranging from 400 to 50.000 g·mol-1 could be detected by NMR spectroscopy and GPC measurements. The cleavage of ester groups included in OCL segments resulted in a decrease of the melting temperature (Tm) related to the actuator domains (amorphous at the temperature of degradation) and simultaneously, the Tm associated to the skeleton domain was increased (semi-crystalline at the temperature of degradation).The alkaline hydrolysis decreased the polymer chain orientation of OCL domains until a random alignment of crystalline domains was obtained. This result was confirmed by cyclic thermomechanical actuation tests. The performance of directed movements decreased almost linearly as function of degradation time resulting in the loss of functionality when the orientation of polymer chains disappeared. Here, actuators were able to provide reversible movements until 91 d when the accelerated bulk degradation procedure using alkaline hydrolysis (pH = 13) was applied. Accordingly, a lifetime of more than one year can be guaranteed under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4) when, e.g., artificial muscles for biomimetic robots as potential application for these kind of shape-memory polymer actuators will be addressed.

The Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Southern Federal District-2020: Preliminary Assessment of the Results

The article examines the features of the implementation of the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Southern Federal District until 2020. It is established that the dynamics of the main segments of the economy and social sphere of the SFD in the 2010s proceeded according to the inertial scenario. The pace of their development slowed noticeably after 2014. This was due to the completion of large-scale financing of Olympic facilities. The deterioration of Russia’s international position and the imposition of a sanctions regime also had a negative impact on the dynamics of the district. But the failure to meet most of the targets was also due to the shortcomings of the Strategy itself. They include the orientation of all target indicators comparable to the Soviet Union on the linear growth, as well as the predominantly “declarative” nature of priorities in terms of the development of many clusters of the regional economy. The socio-economic development of the SFD in the 2010s is largely determined by the dynamics of the Azov-Black Sea region of advanced growth. The accelerated development of this zone was not so much the result of a deliberate policy of the federal center, but rather a consequence of the complex self-development of the local communities with the help of regional authorities successfully using the agroclimatic, transport, socio-demographic advantages of their territorial systems. The specificity of the implementation of the Strategy of the development of the Southern Federal district confirms that territorial social and economic systems with the dominating market mechanisms are partially subject to a planned impact of government authority when such an impact is supported by the regular large scale financing.

MARKET ANALYSIS OF LAND WITH ENCUMBRANCES AS AN INDICATOR OF AVAILABILITY OF LAND FOR CONSUMERS

In the article the analysis of the market of land plots with encumbrances is considered as an indicator of land availability for consumers. The main segments of the land market are identified and the types of land availability for consumers are determined. The legal analysis of types of encumbrances of land plots is given. The results of the analysis of the land market in the Penza region for 2016‑2017, showing the high cost availability of land for consumers.