Main Segments Research Articles

The Rise and Fall of Pakistan’s Textile Industry: An Analytical View

The textile industry of Pakistan is one of the most vital sectors for the economic growth of the country. It is a significant contributor to its industrial exports. Over the years, this sector has undergone a rise and fall due to various reasons. The sector has struggled due to high manufacturing expenses, frequent power shortages, faulty strategies and lack of support policies from the government. A worldwide recession, global tension and quality competence are also major threats to the sector. The textile industry of Pakistan is also faced with several challenges and opportunities like frail infrastructure, obsolete technology, adverse law and order situation and lack of investment. The main segments of this sector are clothing and garments, readymade fabrics, weaved apparels, twisting sector and chemical processing sector. Despite the fact that majority of the textile sales is done overseas to the developed countries, the sector is still way behind South Asian regional competitors and has not performed to its full potential particularly in recent years. Keywords: Textile industry, Economic growth, South Asia DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-12-12 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Contemporary marketing practices approaches in the professional services industry in Brazil

The objective of this study is to investigate the Contemporary Marketing Practices (CMP) of professional services firms from the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil, according to the models proposed by Coviello, Brodie & Munro (1997) and Coviello, Milley & Marcolin (2001). The research methodology has a quantitative and descriptive approach and uses a survey; the sample encompasses 146 companies from the accounting, engineering, consulting, advertising, information technology and hospital industries. Our findings also reveal the existence of seven main business segment typologies: “Advanced Relational”; “Interactive Relational/Network”; “Relational Database/Digital”; “Moderately Relational”; “Conservative I”; “Conservative II” and “Refractory”.

Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

Crosstalk reduction in fiber links using double polarization

The fiber optic link is one of the main segments of up-to-date telecommunication systems. Developing low cost, ultra reliable systems with very low latency for massive machine to machine and enhanced broadband mobile networks is a hot research topic. Motivated by this we investigated the polarization multiplexing technique applicable in fiber optic links because it can be used for increasing the transmission capacity. In the present paper a novel approach, the double polarization multiplex method is investigated. In that case the crosstalk between two polarization states is one of the main issues. As a result of crosstalk, the two channels composed by double polarization can disturb each other significantly. Crosstalk can appear due to any imperfection in the fiber and in the optical circuitry of the transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we propose a new method for reducing the effect of crosstalk even in the case of high-speed long-distance transmission. The applicability of the new concept is validated by experiments. A bit error rate better than 10−6 has been achieved over a 7 km long fiber carrying 12 Gbit/s NRZ modulation. That result is significantly better than the already published experimental data using 2, 5 Gbit/s bit rate. The cross polarization discrimination is also improved by 10–15 dB.

Language of the forestry discursive community (based on the traditional culture of the Urals)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the discursive field “Forestry activity in the Urals”. The relevance of the study is determined by the increased attention of modern linguistics to the problems of regional specificity of professional discourse, the development of which is at the initial stage. The aim of the article is the etymological and onomasiological description of the units of the discursive field, characterized as “Forestry activity in the Urals”. Semasiological, onomasiological methods and the method of scientific description are used to achieve this goal. Lexical units included in the field are identified, their origin is interpreted. The main field segments are defined. As a result of the analysis of the empirical material belonging to the “Forestry activity in the Urals” discursive field, it was revealed that in the Ural regional lexical system a specific system of concepts was developed. It has been implemented in the speech activity of dialect speakers. The Ural General dialect foundation is the basis for the modern professional communication of foresters and timber producers of the region.

Pain and Satisfaction Levels upon Removal of External Fixator at an Outpatient Facility.

Objective To quantify the levels of satisfaction and pain of patients submitted to external fixation removal without anesthesia at an outpatient facility. Methods The present was a prospective study involving 28 patients using external fixators who answered 3 questionnaires associated with the Visual Analogue and Numerical Pain Scale during different moments of the removal. Results The average pain prior to fixator removal was of 3.61. Shortly after the procedure, the patients reported that, on average, the most intense pain scored 6.68, and the least intense pain, 2.25 points. The average pain variation was of 4.43 points, and pain after 1 week scored, on average, 2.03 points. The recollection of the pain after fixator removal scored lower than the pain reported immediately after the procedure (mean value: 5.29). Most patients were middle-aged men, and 89.3% used circular external fixators. The main limb segment involved was the leg, and most patients (71.4%) had never used an external fixator before; they preferred the removal at an outpatient facility because it was faster (75%), and to avoid hospitalization (25%). The most intense pain was felt during the removal of Schanz pins (60.7%), being worse in the extremities of the limbs for 75% of the patients. An absolute majority of 85.7% was satisfied with the removal, and 82.1% stated that they would undergo the procedure again. Conclusion External fixator removal at an outpatient facility without anesthesia is a well-tolerated option for patients, with good levels of approval and satisfaction.

ПРОМОЦІЯ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЄКТУ ІНСТРУМЕНТАМИ ВІЗУАЛЬНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ПРОЄКТУ «ПОЧАТКОВА ШКОЛА: ОСВІТА ДЛЯ ЖИТТЯ»)

<p><em>In this very article a step-by-step algorithm of developing visual animation content for popularization of the project ‘’Primary school: Education for life’’, which was developed by a group of experts from Grinchenko University, has been analyzed in order to attract large number of people to its implementation and development. The main segments of the target audience of the project have been highlighted. Channels of dissemination of animated videos were defined and the effectiveness of advancing educational project was assessed with the help of KPI and web analytics as well.</em></p><p><em>High rates of public awareness through visual communication prove that the animation video is an effective tool to popularize different scientific projects. 13 animation videos were created, where one of them was made for parents of first graders, the second one was given to teachers, who are going to use this innovative program, which was specially created for primary schools and another 11 videos were developed to present exercise books according to the following topics: «I am a schoolboy, I am a schoolgirl», «A school bag», «A life of the book», «A way to school», «A school yard», «School is our house», «Rules and laws of school counrty», «School of polite children», «Grow healthy!», «Beautiful and useful», «A year in a school».</em></p><p><em>In general, the total amount of views of animation videos reached up to 15 thousands of watching and it also got nearly 100 publications in different mass medias about this project as well. So, thanks to the posting videos in social networks, in particular on the page of the project on Facebook and You Tube the target groups were interested in this very project. Teachers and representatives of educational institutions were highly interested and they were discussing animation videos quite active on Facebook. In the end I can say that the target audience has increased, so a lot of supporters has also appeared who will participate in implementation of this project.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> visual communication, animated video, promotion, educational project, video content.</em><em></em></p>

МЕТАТЕОРЕТИЧНА РЕКОНСТРУКЦІЯ ПРЕДМЕТНОГО ПОЛЯ КАНОНІЧНОЇ ПСИХОЛОГІЇ

Наука як сфера пізнавальної творчості та духовного продукування раціонального знання фунду­ється на розлогій сув’язі самобутніх правил, норм, канонів (гр. капоп – правило), що вироблені й апробовані до­стойниками людства упродовж століть. Пропоноване методологічне дослідження присвячене аналі­тичному відновленню і рефлексивному обґрунтуванню предметного поля канонічної психології як одного з вершинних творчих здобутків видатного українського психолога-мислителя другої половини ХХ століття академіка Володимира Андрійовича Роменця (1926–1998). Новизна здійсненого епістемного поступу сто­сується кількох аспектів конструктивного розв’язання зазначеної проблеми: по-перше, канонічна пси­хологія розглядається як післядіяльний інтеграційний підсумок розвитку трьох базових теоретичних дже­рел або дисциплін – історії всесвітньої психології, загальної психології і численних психологічних теорій ок­ре­мих психічних феноменів-подій (установки, ставлення, несвідомого, переживання, гри, особистості та ін.), тобто вона на метатеоретичному рівні знімає (заперечує і водночас зберігає у трансформованій подобі) їхній зміст у більш ємному, синтетичному, ущільненому вигляді; по-друге, відповідно до великої складності висвітлюваної проблеми підбирається адекватний способу її розв’язання багатомодульний інструмент – циклічно-вчинковий підхід, методологічна оптика якого містить чотири принципи, шість закономір­ностей і низку похідних нормативів розгортання рефлексивної миследіяльності; по-третє, підлягають аналізу й узмістовленню чотири головних сегменти упредметнення канонічної психології: як філософсько-психологічного напряму розвитку сучасного людинознавства, як науково-світоглядний «перехід від ХХ до ХХІ століття у психологічному думанні», як метасистема фундаментальних (основоположних стосовно за­сновків і сутності людського буття) психологічних знань, як головна течія розвитку теоретичної пси­хології інтелектуальними і семантичними засобами її саморефлексії; по-четверте, канонічна психологія, зосереджуючись на вивченні та конструюванні взірцевих феноменів і подій людського життя, набуває культурної вагомості як своєрідна світоглядна постава чи метапозиція бачення та осягнення психічного. Відтак висновується, що зазначений академічний напрям має поліаспектний, багатосегментний пред­мет, що сукупно входить у предметне поле теоретичної психології. Він, як надскладна філософсько-пси­хо­логічна метатеоретична конструкція, охоплює «всі визначні теорії, що виникли в історико-психологічному дискурсі», надаючи їм справжнього, засвідченого вчинковою подієвістю, смислу пізнання. Насамкінець окрес­люється чотириіпостасний структурно-функціональний цикл будь-якого логічно зрілого психо­логічного канону, що упрозорює як тенденцію-процедуру канонізації психічних феноменів, так і збагачує теоретичний світ канонічної психології. Доводиться, що цілком аргументованим у творчому досвіді натхненного пізнання для В. А. Роменця, універсальним й абсолютно достатнім у своїх можливостях орієн­ти­ром-засобом чи навіть світоглядом є психософія вчинку як методологія дослідження джерел, сутності і канонів-узірців людського буття, як дійсне –відповідально вчинкове – взаємопроникнення психології і фі­лософії мудрості, врешті-решт як універсальний алгоритм і методологічна схема буттєвого поступу людини до повнокомпонентного вчинку, до розгорнутого, особистісно натхненного і просякнутого ла­більним розумом, учинення.

LA "GONFOLITE LOMBARDA": STRATIGRAFIA E SIGNIFICATO NELL'EVOLUZIONE DEL MARGINE SUDALPINO

The Oligocene-Miocene succession of the "Gonfolite Lombarda" outcrops in Western Lombardy and is largely represented in the subsurface of the northern PO Plain. In the this group was considered as a typical example of post- orogenic molasse deposit. The new data suggest that it represents a clastic wedge infilling a deep foreland basin flanking a zone of continental collision. The stratigraphic evolution of the succession strictly reflects the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin.
 The succession (almost 3000 m thick) between Como and Varese covers a time span from late early Oligocene (late Rupelian) at least to early Miocene (Burdigalian). It consists of clastic sediments deposited in a deep-sea environment. Both the benthic Foraminifera and the macrofossil assemblages indicate that these sediments were deposited in the epibathial zone (from 500-700 m to 1000-1300 m) throughout all the time span considered. The succession can be splitted in two main segments based on their different sedimentary characters and because they are separated by a regional unconformity corresponding to a hiatus of several million years. The lower one is represented by the Chiasso Formation (about 170m thick) and the upper one by the Gonfolite Group s. Str. (about 2800 m thick).
 The Chiasso Formation is a depositional sequence late Oligocene (late Rupelian to early Chattian) in age. It consists of mudstones and rare thin-bedded turbidites, representing slope or slope-base deposits. The overlying Gonfolite Group represents the build-up of several deep sea fan systems one on top of the other during the very late Oligocene (late Chattian) to the early Miocene (Aquitanian- Burdigalian) and perhaps to the middle Miocene. Resedimented conglomerates infilled deeply incised canyons confined by natural levees in their distal part. The canyons evolved laterally and distally to still partly confined sandy depositional lobes during the early Miocene.
 In the Gonfolite Group three depositional sequences could be recognized. The first one is represented by the Como Conglomerate (800-1500 m thick) and of some heteropic formations, covering a time span from late Chattian to early Burdigalian. This depositional sequence represents an asymmetric megacycle with an initillly very rapid progradation of the conglomeratic system followed by its gradual regression and, in the Como area, by a westward shift of the system axis. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that pebbles of granodiorite-diorite called "ghiandone and serizzo" of the Val Masin0-Val Bregaglia Massif make their appearance already in the basal part of the Como Conglomerate.
 The second depositional sequence consists of the Lucino Conglomerate (800-1000 m thick) and of some heteropic formations. It represents a gradual progradation of the whole deep sea fan system during the late earIy Miocene (Burdigalian).
 In the Varese area, the Gurone Sandstone (120 m thick) may represent a third depositional sequence, which because of its stratigraphic position is younger than the late Burdigalian, and it appears to be deposited prior to the late Miocene (Tortonian).
 The "Gonfolite Lombarda" basin was interested by an intense and continue tectonic activity with at least two periods of "crisis" occurring in the late Chattian and in the early Burdigalian. Because of the strong tectonic Control it's difficult to correlate the "Gonfolite Lombarda" depositional sequences with the generalized sea level curves.

Policy Interventions and Liquidity in Segmented Chinese Credit Bond Markets

This paper documents the pricing of liquidity and identifies its drivers in the four main segments of the interbank and exchange credit bond markets in China. First, we find that liquidity effects are priced in credit bond yield spreads, and differ significantly across these four segments. Second, we identify several channels through which liquidity may affect the pricing of credit bonds. We find that the risk-sharing channel and the macroeconomic channel have significantly influenced liquidity effects, while the information channel does not seem to have had any such clear impact. Third, we analyze the impact of two types of policy shocks, including one collateral shock on repo-eligibility in the exchange market and four liberalization shocks on foreign investment in the interbank market, on the levels of liquidity and the pricing of liquidity effects in the Chinese credit bond markets. We identify the most important of the four policy shocks on interbank liberalization to be the policy on the Bond Connect program linking Chinese and overseas markets.

Natural Conservation Base on Management of Sacred Cultural Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru Temple in Tabanan-Bali

The study aimed to discuss the characteristic and environmental wisdom of the sacred Cultural Landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru temples in the conservation of natural resources in the regency of Tabanan-Bali. To reveal the research problems, data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interview, and document study. The collected data were analyzed by the descriptive-qualitative technique. The results showed the structure of cultural landscape of Catur Angga Batukaru Temple consists of five cultural heritages as single vortices (sacred cultural landscape). The Batukaru Temple as a center with two main segments as subordinates, on west side, consists of Muncaksari and Tambawaras Temple, and on east side, consists of Petali and Besi Kalung Temple. Each unit managed by local communities generally comes from the Bali Age people. The management consists of the pengempon’s group temple, the institution of traditional villages, and subak's in the surrounding. As a living monument (temple), functioned as a sacred place to invoke safety, agricultural fertility, health, peace, and political stability. Similarly, through myth, ritual, and emission values the sanctity of the magical-religious, its cultural landscape located in the upstream region indirectly contribute very important to the conservation of the natural environment. As well as, the ritual uniqueness and aesthetic architectural values and beauty of the natural environment are so potential to be developed as a tourist attraction. In the modern era, in environmental degradation, it's very important to improve the welfare of local communities and conserving the natural environment in the context of sustainable development in Tabanan-Bali.

WISATA HALAL MUSLIM MILENIAL

Year to year halal tourism is starting to become popular, in line with the increase in Muslim tourists. Development of halal tourism now carried out by various countries, both majority Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Target of halal tourism market is growing rapidly in the millennial Muslim because it is considered potential in driving halal tourism development. This study of halal tourism seeks to interpret cultural tourism which is synergized with the halal industry as a spiritual experience of modern society, namely millennial Muslims. This literature review will disscuss millennial Muslims in Indonesia as the main segment in utilizing the potential offered from domestic and foreign halal tourism based on literature and other references relating to halal tourism and Y generations. This literature study aims to explore halal tourism at local and abroad which focuses on the segmentation of millennial Muslims as a population that is considered potential in increasing halal tourism development. Focus on study in a particular segmentation is expected to be able to broaden the understanding of the concept of halal tourism from the perspective of the younger generation so that the halal tourism industry is able to develop according to the changes and needs of the times.

РОЗВИТОК КУЛЬТУРНОГО ТУРИЗМУ В ЕПОХУ ПОСТІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

The aim of this paper consists in the study of trends in the development of cultural tourism of the post-industrial era. Research methodology. The author applies historical, bibliographic and analytical methods. Results. Art is an extremely important component of the tourism product, and cultural tourism is based on experience, according to which tourists become involved in the creative process, stimulating the activities presented to them. Tourism can qualitatively improve the processes of organizing and conducting games, festivals, competitions, exhibitions, giving those aesthetics and making them in the historic chronicle of the city. Festivals and holiday events play an important role in the development of cultural tourism. They are more accessible to the mass spectator because they are held in open venues, offer choices and are perceived as a lively and genuine holiday, inspiring their own self-improvement. Novelty. The author gives a rationale for the appropriateness and application of the new concept of cultural tourism, with the creation of even more specialized forms of tourism, one of which, namely, creative tourism. The practical significance. The study of issues within the framework of cultural tourism requires the use of an interdisciplinary approach, which acquires its clear features when choosing a subject of study. The interaction of culture and tourism, the cultural trajectories of modern tourism serve as a structure for analyzing the construction of identity and multiculturalism. Socio-cultural practices of modern tourism, developing in the context of global processes, have provided opportunities to systematically analyze and identify ways of positive practical implementation of its explicit and implicit opportunities. The material culture of the industrial age in the conditions of rapid development of the information society is considered as a historical resource that needed to be preserved and reused, and as a new direction of development of the tourism industry. Cultural tourism has become the main segment in most tourist destinations, but recently the focus has shifted from a purely quantitative increase in demand for the consumption of cultural and attractions to qualitative changes in the nature of this demand, which is based on the inherent desire to see and know parts of the world. In the modern literature on culture emphasizes its material component (buildings, structures, artifacts, works of art, etc.) and its elusive part (traditions, norms of behavior, beliefs, ideas, symbols, language, etc.). In this regard, for anyone, cultural tourism is not just an opportunity to get acquainted with some object of culture, but also to understand its interpretation, to learn new meanings through the environment, to assess the context (feel the atmosphere of the place), in other words, learn about the culture of the place and its inhabitants.

Стан і особливості розвитку ресторанного бізнесу у світі

One of the most dynamically growing types of entrepreneurial activity in the world is restaurant business. Changes in the context of development, including increasing the share of the middle class, changing values, migration and nomadism, digitalization, population growth, urbanization, active development of tourism and hospitality cause influence on the status and features of the development of restaurant business in the world. The article identifies the main determinants that determine the current status and features of the development of restaurant business in the world; the author’s own approach to understanding the essence of the concept of «restaurant business» is provided; the main segments and features of modern development of restaurant business in the world are specified. It is determined that at the present stage of development of the world restaurant business it has the following inherent features: 1) asymmetry and polarization of development (the greatest interest in meals outside the home, and therefore the most active development of the restaurant business, is recorded in America and Asia-Pacific region. They are followed by Europe, the Middle East and Asia. The highest level of territorial heterogeneity of restaurant business development is characteristic of the Middle East and Africa, America, a relatively lower level of heterogeneity is characteristic of the Asia-Pacific region and Europe. The highest level of concentration of restaurant business development is characteristic of the Asia-Pacific region, the smallest – of the Middle East and Africa); 2) development disparities (the largest disparities between the development of restaurant business segments are recorded in the Asia-Pacific region (full-service restaurants significantly prevail over other organizational forms of restaurant business in the region), the smallest – the Middle East and Africa); 3) polysubjectivity (the subject structure of the restaurant business is very complex and heterogeneous, it includes not only restaurants, but also bars, cafes, coffee-shops, canteens, etc.); 4) active virtualization and digitalization (restaurants and other restaurant business entities are increasingly creating virtual platforms where you can order food, get comprehensive information about the establishment, etc., actively interact with their consumers in social networks, increase the budget of online marketing costs, attract robotics).

Sequential Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease

The sequential segmental approach is essential for better understanding of cardiac anatomy in normal and malformed hearts. It is based on a detailed analysis of the three main cardiac segments, namely atria, ventricles, and great vessels, and the two connecting segments, namely atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. Each segment is systematically defined based purely on its morphological characteristics. In most cases, echocardiography is sufficient, but some cases necessitate the use of other imaging modalities. Systematic identification of different segments, connections, and their abnormalities helps in making an accurate diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). This review provides a brief description of the sequential segmental approach for detecting CHD on echocardiography.

Дослідження ринку споживачів жіночого одягу різних цінових сегментів

Іn today's consumer-centered world, its behavior is crucial, which significantly increases the impact on the activities of organizations of any type and requires them to further develop methods of influencing the consumer, taking into account their preferences. Іn this paper, a survey of consumer preferences with different income levels regarding women's clothing choices is conducted. Due to the complexity of the structure of the needs of the population, the targeted approach to the process of designing clothes is the most important condition for ensuring product sales. In this case, when designing clothes, businesses should take into account a well-defined market segment, its needs and expectations. Target audience - women aged 20 to 55 and older, social status - students, professionals, middle managers, heads of departments, heads of organizations. Consumer requirements of different price segments for clothing have different features. In addition, their differences in education, income, professional activity are useful guidelines for the production of clothing and its implementation. The three main price segments of the low, middle and high income consumer market are identified for women's clothing and the significance of the selection criteria for each is determined. Thus, for consumers of the low price segment one of the most important criteria for choosing a jacket is the price of the product, for the middle price segment - the quality of fit of the jacket and for the high price segment - the quality of manufacture and fit of the jacket. An expert survey was conducted to identify the significance of the product price criteria. The most significant criterion for women's outerwear when pricing is the choice of the material of the top. Therefore, a clear focus on consumer requirements should be at every stage of product design. It is suggested that, when producing clothing for a particular price segment, the requirements of the customers in that segment should be taken into account. Key words: price segment, market, consumer, quality, criterion .

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ТНК В УМОВАХ ВИКЛИКІВ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

This article is devoted to the study of the impact of the digital economy on the investment activities of multinational companies. It is revealed that the spread and introduction of digital technologies simultaneously stimulates development, but also creates a gap in the symbiotic interaction of ICT and international production. The main factors, tendencies and segments of digital economy development are revealed. It is discovered that two following tendencies might led to the structural transformation of the world economic system: transformation of data into digital intelligence, emergence of the data value chain and monetization of data. The influence of digital economy on the transformation of business models of companies is studied. It is shown that aggressive implementation of digital technologies transforms business models, develops new products and services, creates new business processes, generates more utility, and introduces a new management culture. Three main groups of digital multinational companies have been identified and analyzed – among them are ICT MNCs, digital MNCs and others from non-digital industries but which implement digital technologies and services. Author summarizes the challenges for the future development of international investment activities of TNCs withing the accelerated development of the digital economy and identifies initiatives for the transformation and development of their investmenting in the digital economy. Despite the rapid internationalization of the digital economy, its global sread, the required response to changes in investment policies of countries, as well their impact on the regulation of international investment activities, especially of digital TNCs, are still quite weak and untimely. The mutual influence of the development of digitalization and investment initiatives from the standpoint of different entities of the economic system is revealed. It is clear that investment policies and regulations designed for physical investments need to be reviewed in the light of the emergence and development of new digital business models of MNCs.

A múzeumi élmény a 21. században. Bécs, Budapest és Prága versenyképessége a múzeumlátogatói értékelések tükrében

THE AIM OF THE PAPER The aim of this study is to enrich the comparative touristic analysis of Vienna, Budapest and Prague with a new aspect. Museums are important attractions and branding factors of city tourism. They play a significant role in quality tourism. Museums help sustainability through presenting local culture and lengthening season by their exhibitions, but they also have to face overtourism. A paradigm change is going on since the end of the 20 th century connected with the traditional cultural transmitting role of museal institutions During this process museums have been defined as scenes of informal lifelong learning, global wellbeeing or public space for generating dialogues and supporting equality in society. METHODOLOGY From touristic perspective the experience promise attracts tourist to museums, which is a complex phenomenon and an important interdisciplinary research topic nowadays. This paper examines the attractiveness of Budapest’s and its regional competitors’ museums and the visitors’ expectations towards them based upon a content analysis of TripAdvisor reviews. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS The best reviewed museums only in the case of Vienna are mostly classical cultural brands with international attractivity. To Budapest and Prague is more typical the presence of relatively young, service-oriented institutions based on special topics and operated by a company or foundation. Critical reviews focus on the insufficiencies of visitor management mainly connected to the classical type of museums, while on small size and/or poor quality of the exhibition related to the new one. The most mentioned concept type is the labelling of experience in which personal service and interaction play a significant role. RECOMMENDATIONS Findings can help positioning museums in the tourism market. The recognition of the main visitor segments’ and source markets’ demands needs further research which can support museums as service provider cultural institutions from several aspects (tailor-made interpretation, quality and visitor management, discovering and reaching new, potential markets).

К оценке значений линейных функционалов на решениях систем с последействием

For a wide class of linear functional differential systems with Volterra operators, a constructive technique is proposed to obtain estimates of linear functionals values over solutions in conditions of uncertainty of external perturbations. It can be applied to solutions of boundary value problems with arbitrary number of boundary conditions as well as to description of attainability sets in control problems with respect to given on-target functionals. External perturbations are constrained by a given linear inequalities system on the main time segment. The technique is based on the results of general theory of functional differential equations about the solvability of boundary value problems with general linear boundary conditions and the representation of solutions. The problem under consideration is reduced to the generalized moment problem. Therewith the results on the properties of the Cauchy matrix to systems with aftereffect are of essential importance. The general form of functionals allows one to cover many cases being topical in applications such as multipoint, integral ones, as well as hybrids of those.

EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY COMPANIES IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD MARKET TRANSFORMATION ON THE BASIS OF THE «STRUCTURE-BEHAVIOR-RESULTS» MODEL

Subject. The subject of the study is the financial results of the largest companies operating in the main industry segments of the global energy market in the process of its transformation. Goal. The article aims to assess the effectiveness of the world's largest energy companies concerning the structure, behavior, regulation, and identification of areas of transformation processes in the global energy market; improving the methodology of analysis of the transformation of the global energy market in the study of the effectiveness of energy companies based on the model «structure-behavior-efficiency-regulation». Methodology. The research methodology chosen is the model «Structure-Behavior-Effectiveness-Regulation» based on the basic paradigm of analysis of the industry market «Structure-Behavior-Effectiveness». Results. The study of the essence of transformation processes in the world energy market is based on the methodology of causal analysis of the sectoral (energy) market. Improved methodology for studying the transformation of the global energy market by adapting the model «Structure-Behavior-Effectiveness-Regulation» for the global energy market with the allocation of basic conditions and public policy, which allowed to analyze the relationship between regulation, market structure, behavior, effectiveness companies in the industry and obtaining socially significant externalities. The evaluation and comparative analysis of performance indicators in the world energy market of the largest companies of different types depending on the legal status, a form of ownership (private, collective, state, and municipal), socialization of capital, nationality. Conclusions. Improved methodology for studying the transformation of the global energy market by adapting the model «Structure-Behavior-Effectiveness-Regulation» for the global energy market with the allocation of basic conditions and public policy, which allowed to analyze the relationship between regulation, market structure, behavior, effectiveness companies in the industry and obtaining socially significant externalities. Performance appraisal and comparative analysis of the performance of the world's largest energy companies by type of fuel showed that in terms of absolute and relative terms, companies specializing in fossil fuels are currently leading. Renewable energy companies have high importance of profitability of sales and on average – other indicators, which is explained by stimulating government measures that increase the profitability of asset use. It is shown that the regulation, in particular, the development of antitrust institutions, stimulating low-carbon energy production, and increasing requirements for man-made security in the global energy market has positive externalities, such as increased access to energy sources due to liberalization, improved environment due to renewable energy companies.