Main Indicator Research Articles

Role of scalp nerve block in improving the quality of rehabilitation in patients after meningioma resection: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

In this study, we analyzed whether scalp nerve block with ropivacaine can improve the quality of rehabilitation in patients after meningioma resection. We included 150 patients who were undergoing craniotomy in our hospital and categorized them into 2 groups - observation group (patients received an additional regional scalp nerve block anesthesia) and control group (patients underwent intravenous general anesthesia for surgery), using the random number table method approach (75 patients in each group). The main indicator of the study was the Karnofsky Performance Scale scores of patients at 3 days postoperatively, and the secondary indicator was the anesthesia satisfaction scores of patients after awakening from anesthesia. The application value of different anesthesia modes was studied and compared in the 2 groups. Patients in the observation group showed better anesthesia effects than those in the control group, with significantly higher Karnofsky Performance Scale scores at 3 days postoperatively (75.02 vs 66.43, P < .05) and anesthesia satisfaction scores. Compared with patients in the control group, patients in the observation group had lower pain degrees at different times after the surgery, markedly lower dose of propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia, and lower incidence of adverse reactions and postoperative complications. In addition, the satisfaction score of the patients and their families for the treatment was higher and the results of all the indicators were better in the observation group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). Scalp nerve block with ropivacaine significantly improves the quality of short-term postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing elective craniotomy for meningioma resection. This is presumably related to the improvements in intraoperative hemodynamics, relief from postoperative pain, and reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Effect Of Attendance Applications mobile Online (Akku Mobile) On Official Discipline At The Indramayu District Inspectorate

Employee attendance discipline is the main indicator for knowing an employee's responsibilities. Based on observations at the Indramayu Regency Inspectorate, employee discipline in terms of attendance is still not optimal. Therefore, a policy of using electronic presence, namely an online application (Akku Mobile) has been implemented by all ASN in the Indramayu Regency Government, which is directly recorded on the BKPSDM server. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the Online Attendance Application (Akku Mobile) on employee discipline at the Indramayu Regency Inspectorate. The research method used is an explanatory quantitative approach to see the influence of the Online Attendance Application (Akku Mobile) on employee discipline at the Indramayu Regency Inspectorate. The data source comes from primary sources through closed questionnaires. The results of this research show that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of the Akku Mobile application on employee discipline at the Indramayu Regency Inspectorate of 0.004, while the correlation level is weak at 0.326 or only 32.6%, and the application usage variable (Akku Mobile) can only explain This relationship is 10.6% towards increasing employee discipline, while the remaining 89.4% is explained by other factors outside this research.

Pengesanan Denyutan Pi2 Hampir Masa Nyata Berdasarkan Model Pembelajaran Mesin Terautomatik

The impact of geomagnetic substorms on space weather and various technology on the Earth urges the need to detect the phenomenon. However, the brief period of substorm occurrences makes it more difficult to directly detect them, therefore, their detection by proxy in the form of precursors need to be done. Pi2 pulsations, which is a damped irregular signal in the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field ( as a reliable precursor to substorms. The cessation of Hz), is seen index that previously was the main detection indicator of Pi2 pulsations motivates this study to introduce a new detection method by implementing machine learning. In this study, several features were extracted from geomagnetic field data based on several statistical parameters, impulsive and signal metrics to be used in the development of classification model. The development was performed based on the automated machine learning (AutoML) approach that determines the best algorithm and optimizes the hyperparameters automatically. AutoML tries various algorithms like ensemble, neural network, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbour and binary decision tree that are optimized by Asynchronous Successive Halving Algorithm. An ensemble classification model was determined to be the best performing model with an accuracy of 99.15%. It was then used in the development of near-real tine detection system. The system streams the geomagnetic field data continuously and reports the Pi2 detections on an open cloud repository, The detection system is envisioned to be one of the reference sources to inquire the occurrences of Pi2 pulsations globally.

Prediction of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) in fish meal using a metal-oxide semiconductor electronic nose based on the VMD-SSA-LSTM algorithm.

The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) is the main indicator for evaluating the freshness of fish meal, and accurate detection and monitoring of TVB-N is of great significance for the health of animals and humans. Here, to realize fast and accurate identification of TVB-N, in this article, a self-developed electronic nose (e-nose) was used, and the mapping relationship between the gas sensor response characteristic information and TVB-N value was established to complete the freshness detection. The TVB-N variation curve was decomposed into seven subsequences with different frequency scales by means of variational mode decomposition (VMD). Each subsequence was modelled using different long short-term memory (LSTM) models, and finally, the final TVB-N prediction result was obtained by adding the prediction results based on different frequency components. To improve the performance of the LSTM, the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) was used to optimize the number of hidden units, learning rate and regularization coefficient of LSTM. The prediction results indicated that the high accuracy was obtained by the VMD-LSTM model optimized by SSA in predicting TVB-N. The coefficient of determination (R2), the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) between the predicted value and the actual value of TVBN were 0.91, 0.115 and 6.39%. This method improves the performance of e-nose in detecting the freshness of fish meal and provides a reference for the quality detection of e-nose in other materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evaluation of the accelerate stunting reduction program through stunting care houses (Rumah Pesta) Wakatobi district

Wakatobi Regency as an island region in 2022 has a stunting prevalence of 29.9%, higher than the average prevalence rate for Southeast Sulawesi province of 27.7%. This regency has a high commitment to accelerating the reduction of stunting prevalence through the strategic initiative of stunting care home innovation activities (Rumah Pesta). Serving as a venue for organizing the mobilization and execution of internalizing the acceleration of the reduction of stunting through synchronization and cooperation between stakeholders, village administrations, and agencies. To evaluate the stunting reduction acceleration program through the Stunting Care House (Rumah Pesta) Wakatobi Regency. Qualitative descriptive research, content analysis was carried out on the conditions of natural objects from the context in which the event occurred in an effort to describe the incident through key informants, main informants and supporting informants based on knowledge about the stunting reduction acceleration program policy. This research uses in-depth interviews with tools in the form of recording devices, interview guides, review of rules and documents to answer research objectives using the CIPP model evaluation approach. In the context evaluation, the regional stunting reduction acceleration program policy has influenced the prevalence of stunting through the the Stunting Care House or Rumah Peduli Stunting (Rumah Pesta) innovation program which was implemented through the Decree of the Head of the P2 &amp; KB Department. Input evaluation: The main budgetary support for activities comes from self-help, including the APBN and APBD budgets through related SKPD intermediaries who are directly involved in stunting activities. Human resource capacity is inadequate and there is no support for sustainable training programs through Rumah Pesta. Support for facilities and infrastructure for service activities in the building is inadequate, there are facilities to support stunting activities. Evaluation process: Activity planning house party activities are participatory in nature as a form of implementation of policies to accelerate stunting reduction to realize the mobilization of strategic initiative steps by the relevant SKPD leaders in the form of innovation activities, referring to 29 main indicator service coverage designed through creativity in the form of independent activities with at-risk families, local cultural approaches. Product Evaluation: Contributing directly to reducing the prevalence of stunting in Wakatobi district through interventions through assistance activities for at-risk families which are still ongoing today, Sustainability of programs or activities to accelerate stunting reduction requires synergy and support from data sources, use of accurate data through a good human resource availability approach, supporting infrastructure that meets standards at all levels of implementation of activities to accelerate stunting reduction.

Impact of bottom-blowing parameters on melt pool homogenization in a 120-ton converter based on carbon-oxygen reaction

This paper studies a 120 t converter, focusing on the influence of the CO bubbles generated by the carbon-oxygen reaction during the decarburization process on the stirring action of the melt pool. It examines the effect of the intensity and arrangement of bottom blowing on the homogenization effect, taking into account the dynamics of CO bubbles generated from the carbon-oxygen reaction. Initially, a macroscopic kinetics model for the generation of CO bubbles during the carbon-oxygen reaction in converter steelmaking is established. Subsequently, a water model simulation device for CO bubble generation from the converter's carbon–oxygen reaction is designed, establishing a 120 t converter water model experimental setup with a similarity ratio of 1:8. The main indicator for evaluating the homogenizing effect of the converter is the mixing time, based on which, experimental schemes are designed. Water model experiments are conducted to study the influence of bottom-blowing flow and nozzle arrangement on the melt pool's stirring flow field under the action of carbon-oxygen reaction. The results show that greater generation intensity of CO bubbles from the carbon-oxygen reaction leads to shorter mixing time in the melt pool; when the angular spread of the bottom-blowing elements is small, the bottom-blowing gas flow is relatively concentrated, facilitating stirring in the melt pool. However, increasing the angular spread of the nozzles to a certain extent leads to the dispersion of bottom-blowing energy, making it difficult to form effective stirring; when the bottom-blowing flow is less than 1.5 Nm3/h, the mixing time of the melt pool decreases with the increase of bottom-blowing flow; when the bottom-blowing flow is greater than 1.5 Nm3/h, the mixing time of the melt pool increases with the increase of bottom-blowing flow. In addition, a series of industrial experiments were carried out, and the research results were applied to the actual production process. By comparing the test results after the optimization scheme with the production data of the original process, it was found that the optimization scheme significantly improved the smelting efficiency and reduced the production cost. These research results not only provide a theoretical basis, but also provide practical guidance for the optimization of converter smelting process.

Client-centered flexible planning of home-based postpartum care: A randomized controlled trial on the quality of care.

Standardization of health systems often hinders client-centered care. This study investigates whether allowing more flexibility in the planning range of the Dutch home-based postpartum care service improves its quality of care, as innovative approach to client-centered care. A randomized controlled trial was conducted (2017-2019), in which pregnant women who intended to breastfeed were assigned into two groups (1:1). The intervention group was allowed to receive care up to the 14th-day postpartum, instead of the first 8-10 consecutive days ("usual care"). Primary outcome measure was the proportion of newborns still receiving exclusively breastmilk on final caring day of the service. This so-called successful breastfeeding rate is currently used by the Dutch health sector to measure the quality of care. Secondary outcome measures were self-care experience, overall care experience, and exclusive breastfeeding duration rate. Based on data from 1275 participants, there was no difference in exclusive breastfeeding on final caring day (86,7% intervention group vs. 88,9% control group, RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.07). Both groups showed similar self-care experiences. Women in the intervention group had slightly poorer overall care experience and lower exclusive breastfeeding duration rates. This study found no effect on the quality of care when allowing more flexibility in the planning range of home-based postpartum care. Women can, therefore, be offered more flexibility to suit them. Given the confusion in interpreting the sector's current main quality indicator, we call for an inclusive dialogue on how to best measure the quality of home-based postpartum care.

Water physicochemical quality as driver of spatial and temporal patterns of microbial community composition in lake ecosystems

This study aimed at monitoring and management of the surface water and potentially pathogenic microbes of Lake Tonga (Algeria) with respect to. It characterized the main bacterial diversity patterns of Lake Tonga and predicted from water physicochemical parameters and water quality index (WQI) the distribution of bacterial species and the main indicator groups of faecal water contamination. Water samples were taken monthly at three sampling sites of different water depths. Several physicochemical parameters were measured; of which some were included in computing WQI to characterize the water quality of the lake. Counting, isolation and bacterial identification methods were used to characterize the existing aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. The composition of the microbial community of the waterbody of Lake Tonga included an abundant culturable bacterial flora belonging to several bacterial families and whose specific richness varied between water depths of the sites sampled. Species richness of the bacteria identified phenotypically varied between 7 and 11 per sample. The site with shallow water was the richest in bacterial species, compared to moderate and deep waters. The redundancy analysis showed the main physicochemical drivers of the microbial community composition. Our findings showed that high WQI scores indicated the water quality deterioration which triggered the increase in total load of faecal indicator bacterial groups. This study identified in Lake Tonga an important culturable aerobic bacterial flora whose specific richness and distribution varied spatially following the effects of water physicochemical parameters. Lake Tonga needs an integrated management plan to mitigate human disturbances declining water quality.

In vitro comparison of force losses over time of orthodontic nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the force losses of nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs over time in an in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs from 3 different brands were divided into 9 groups. The percentages of force loss in the samples over time were compared in the in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. Force values were measured and recorded at initial activation, 1st hour, 24th hour, 7th day, 21st day, and 28th day. Statistical analysis of the data were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The significance value was considered as p&amp;lt;0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest forces at the initial activation hour were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs in the measurements performed at the 24th hour (p&amp;gt;0.05). Although significant force losses were measured in all groups on the 28th day, active tie-backs lost significantly less force than elastomeric chains, regardless of brand. On the 28th day, the lowest and highest forces were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among the orthodontic space closure mechanics, nickel-titanium closed springs were the most stable; however, active tie-backs produced a more stable force than elastomeric chains, so the type of force element used was the main indicator of the force loss level.

Changes in blood biochemical parameters in highly productive cows with ketosis.

Biochemical blood testing is the main diagnostic indicator of the clinical condition of highly productive animals and a method of determining changes in metabolic disorders. This study focuses on metabolic changes (ketosis), which are of the utmost importance in the assessment of the health status of animals, as well as differences in intergroup characteristics. The main focus of this study is to demonstrate the influence of subclinical ketosis in highly productive cows on changes in biochemical blood parameters during different physiological periods to further prevent this disease, adjust feeding rations, and prevent premature culling of animals. This study aimed to evaluate and establish changes in the biochemical status dynamics of highly productive cows with metabolic disorders in an industrial livestock complex. Blood samples were systematically collected from highly productive cows of the Simmental breed (n = 60) and served as the primary material for subsequent analyses. Each methodological step was designed to ensure evaluation of the metabolic changes associated with post-calving adjustments in highly productive dairy cows. This study employed a comprehensive approach integrating clinical assessments, laboratory analyses, biochemical evaluations, instrumental measurements, and statistical analyses. A biochemical blood test showed that the number of ketone bodies in the experimental group exceeded the norm, varied depending on the physiological state of the animals, and ranged from 0.89 to 1.45 mmol/L. At 10 days after calving, the highest indicator was 1.45 ± 0.05 mmol/L. This indicator was 1.05 mmol/L higher than that in the control group and exceeded the norm by 0.95. Excess ketone bodies in the blood of animals led to accumulation in urine and milk, indicating a disturbance in metabolic processes in the body and a decrease in the quality of animal husbandry products. The sample size and the focus on a single breed from one geographical location may limit the generalizability of the findings. Further research should explore the mechanistic bases of ketosis development, potentially integrating genomic and proteomic approaches to understand the genetic predispositions and molecular pathways involved.

Research on the Construction of Evaluation Index System for Excellent Professional Construction Level in Higher Vocational Colleges

The construction of an evaluation index system for the level of excellent professional construction in vocational colleges is crucial. It helps to establish professional construction goals, provide scientific evaluation basis, promote communication and cooperation between universities, and provide students with professional choice information to assist in their career planning. This article explores the core elements of promoting the professional level of vocational colleges from the construction principles, construction process, and main indicator connotations of the evaluation index system for the level of excellent professional construction in vocational colleges, and attempts to contribute to the professional construction of vocational colleges.

Survival trends of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for pediatric emergency patients in regional and metropolitan areas in Japan

BackgroundTo assess the performance of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers, outcomes were compared between metropolitan and other areas. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at three regional centers on Kyushu Island and the largest center in the Tokyo metropolitan area of Japan. The clinical outcomes of patients of ≤15 years of age who received ECMO during 2010–2019 were investigated, targeting the survival and performance at discharge from intensive care units (ICUs), using medical charts. ResultsOne hundred and fifty-five patients were analyzed (regional, n = 70; metropolitan, n = 85). Survival rates at ICU discharge were similar between the two areas (64%). In regional centers, deterioration of Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores were more frequent (65.7% vs. 49.4%; p = 0.042), but survival rates and ΔPCPC scores (PCPC at ICU discharge–PCPC before admission) improved in the second half of the study period (p = 0.005 and p = 0.046, respectively). Veno-arterial ECMO (odds ratio [OR], 3.00; p < 0.03), extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR, 8.98; p < 0.01), and absence of myocarditis (OR, 5.47; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for deterioration of the PCPC score. A sub-analysis of patients with acute myocarditis (n = 51), the main indicator for ECMO, revealed a significantly higher proportion of cases with deteriorated PCPC scores in regional centers (51.9% vs. 25.0%; p = 0.049). ConclusionsThe survival rates of pediatric patients supported by ECMO in regional centers were similar to those in a metropolitan center. However, neurological outcomes must be improved, particularly in patients with acute myocarditis.

On the issue of establishing the hazardous properties of mine seams according to the output of coal thermal decomposition products

The article analyzes the principles of building an industrial classification. It is noted that, according to the qualitative selection and quantitative assessment, the classification indicators of metamorphic transformations of the seams, determined by the average values of the analysis of coal samples, do not coincide with their characteristics according to industrial classifications. It is shown that with the intensification of metamorphic processes in the seams from grades D to A, there is a direct proportional increase in the yield of coke and an inversely proportional decrease in the yield of volatile substances. The choice of criteria for the manifestation of hazardous properties of mine seams should be based on the basic definition of the concept of metamorphism - the enrichment of organic matter with carbon and the depletion of other components. The overwhelming content of carbon and a one-sided increase in the organic mass predetermine its main role as the main indicator of metamorphic transformations of seams and coal. This method of determining the degree of metamorphism makes it possible to establish a direct connection between the manifestation of hazardous properties of mine seams and the composition of the transformed organic matter.

The former industrial site of the Angarsk Metallurgical Plant (Svirsk, Russia) 10 years later: current geochemical state and interannual change analysis based on Earth remote sensing data

The former industrial site of the Angarsk Metallurgical Plant (Svirsk, Russia) 10 years later: current geochemical state and interannual change analysis based on Earth remote sensing data

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ СИСТЕМЫ ЭНЕРГООБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ВАРОЧНОГО КОТЛА С ПРОПОРЦИОНАЛЬНЫМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕМ РАСХОДА ГАЗА

Until recently, heating of rural houses was carried out with coal or wood. Animal feed and food were prepared on electric stoves or on gas stoves with gas cylinder fuel. These are labor-intensive and energy-consuming technologies. The intensively developing gasification of rural areas makes it possible to universally transfer the heating of rural houses and the preparation of feed and food to natural gas. In the presented work, the main evaluation indicator of the digester is the efficiency factor. Equations are given that describe the useful energy consumption for preparing the product in a digester, as well as heat losses for heating metal structures, for compensating for energy losses from the boiler casing, for purging the steam jacket, and energy losses with flue gases. The energy consumption per unit of production was determined when loading the boiler from 100 to 20 liters. It has been revealed that the efficiency of the boiler decreases by almost 2 times if, instead of 100 liters, the cooking tank is loaded with only 20 liters. Based on experimental data, the useful component of the energy spent on heating 100 liters of water to a boil was determined and the boiler efficiency in automatic and manual mode was determined, which was: in automatic mode, efficiency = 0.84, in manual mode, efficiency = 0.7. Taking into account experimental data, the total gas consumption for the full cycle of feed preparation in automatic and manual modes was determined. The annual operating costs from burning gas in a digester in automatic and manual modes and cost savings on energy supply for the feed preparation process were determined.

The quality of nursing care from the perspective of hospitalized school-age children

PurposeHospitalized children’s satisfaction with the care they receive is the main indicator for evaluating the way nurses should provide services and the quality of these services. The current study aimed to examine school-aged children's perceptions of nursing care quality. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 144 children aged 7–11 years were selected through a convenience sampling method. The data collection tool included The Child Care Quality at Hospital Questionnaire, and the personal- and family-related and disease-related factors questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression test were used for data analysis. ResultsBased on the findings, the highest score of nursing care quality was related to characteristics domain (13 ± 1.7). In addition, the children's age, father's education and history of hospitalization were related to nurses' characteristics domain; mother's education and length of hospital stay were related to nursing activities domain; and mother's education, father's occupation and length of hospital stay were related to nursing environment domain. ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that children's nurses can provide better quality care to children by paying attention to nurses' characteristics and then the scope of activities and care environment. Practice implicationsConsidering the factors affecting the nursing care quality, a conscious step should also be taken for strategic planning of care.

The Current Status of Utilizing a Medication Record Handbook for Evaluating Shared Medication History: A Retrospective Study Using the Japanese National Claims Database.

While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted medication adherence and consultation patterns, its effects on the medical practice and dispensary separation system of Japan remain unclear. Thus, the utilization of the medication record handbook (MRH) in both medical and dental areas remains uncertain. This study uses the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB); we analyzed the separation of medication prescription and dispensing in both medicine and dentistry, as well as estimated how much drug information is shared by utilizing a patient-carried MRH. The external prescription (EP) rate was used as the main indicator. We then analyzed the MRH utilization rate during outpatient medication guidance. During the pandemic, there was no distinctive change in the rate of EPs in both medicine and dentistry. Furthermore, an analysis between EPs, medical internal prescriptions (IPs), and dental IPs relative to the MRH utilization rate revealed significant correlations between EPs and medical IPs as well as medical and dental IPs. Conversely, no significant correlation was found between EPs and dental IPs. Therefore, our results suggest that active MRH implementation within healthcare facilities may lead to an increase in its utilization in dentistry.

Mendelian randomization reveals association of gut microbiota with Henoch–Schönlein purpura and immune thrombocytopenia

Gut microbiota have been linked to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) in recent studies, but a cause-and-effect relationship is unclear. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal relationships between gut microbiota and HSP/ITP using summary statistics from the GWAS dataset of the international MiBioGen and FinnGen consortium. The IVW method was used as the main evaluation indicator. MR analysis of 196 intestinal flora and HSP/ITP/sTP phenotypes showed that 12 flora were potentially causally associated with ITP, 6 with HSP, and 9 with sTP. The genes predicted that genus Coprococcus3 (p = 0.0264, OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.09–3.88)and genus Gordonibacter (p = 0.0073, OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.09–1.75) were linked to a higher likelihood of developing ITP. Additionally, family Actinomycetaceae (p = 0.02, OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.28–0.90) and order Actinomycetales (p = 0.0199, OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.28–0.90) linked to reduced HSP risk. Genus Ruminococcaceae UCG013 (p = 0.0426, OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.20–0.97) negatively correlated with sTP risk. Our MR analyses offer evidence of a possible cause-and-effect connection between certain gut microbiota species and the likelihood of HSP/ITP.

Subjective Assessment of Father – Teenage Child Interaction

The current dynamic socio-cultural processes lead to a qualitative revision of family roles, family relationships, and parenthood. The psychological interaction between parents has changed, as has the father’s status. This study featured the interaction between 40 fathers and their teenage children. The authors used the PARI method by E. S. Schaefer and R. K. Bell as adapted by T. V. Neshcheret, the Parent-Child Interaction method developed by I. M. Markovskaya, and J. Pleck’s Fatherhood and Masculinity Questionnaire. The consistency was determined by the Spearman’s correlation coefficient while the differences in the assessments provided by fathers and children were measured using the Mann – Whitney U test. For the teenagers, the main interaction indicator appeared to be the lack of strictness whereas their fathers stressed the emotional closeness. The comparative analysis revealed no significant differences between the assessments given by the fathers and the children: the father was described as not strict, accepting, cooperative, and consistent. Emotional closeness proved to be the most significant parameter in the father – teenage child interaction. Emotional closeness requires special attention from specialists that help parents and children overcome the adolescent crisis.

Quality study of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicinal materials based on spectral technology: Calculus bovis as a case.

Calculus bovis (C. bovis) is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived from animals, which has a remarkable curative effect and high price. Rapid identification of C. bovis from different types was realized based on spectral technology, and a rapid quantitative analysis method for the main quality control indicator bilirubin was established. We conducted a supervised and unsupervised pattern recognition study on 44 batches of different types of C. bovis by five spectral pretreatment methods. Three variable selection methods were used to extract the essential information, and the partial least squares regression (PLSR) quantitative model of bilirubin by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was constructed. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model could achieve 100% accuracy in identifying different types of C. bovis. The R2 of the NIR quantitative model was 0.979, which is close to 1, and the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) was 2.3515, indicating the good prediction ability of the model. The study was carried out to further improve the basic data of quality control of C. bovis and help the high-quality development of TCM derived from animals.