Low-level Management Research Articles

Competitive Strategies and Performance of Selected Large Supermarkets in Nairobi City County, Kenya

A company's success is significantly influenced by its competitive response strategy. Competitive response strategies essentially aim to steer a business through its uncertain and erratic external environment while enabling it to keep order and efficiency in its internal operations. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected Kenya's retail industry and the economy. Due to a fall in economic productivity and consumer spending, many shops have struggled with smaller sales margins. Due to declining sales, companies have also been forced to lay off employees and close some branches. There is plenty of research on competitive response methods in other industries. However, few studies have focused on supermarkets, and no studies exist on whether or not these strategies were effective during the Covid-19 epidemic. Therefore, this study aimed to establish how competitive response strategies affected certain supermarkets' performance during COVID-19 in Nairobi. The research examined the effect of supermarkets' cost leadership, focus strategy, and differentiation on their operations during the COVID-19 crisis in Nairobi, Kenya. Specific research questions guided the overall study aims. The study employed a descriptive research design to address the research questions. The population of interest included the top, middle, and lower-level management staff from supermarkets participating in this study. The target population comprised 204 workers from various stores within the chosen supermarkets. In this investigation, the census approach of data collection was employed. Semi-structured and closed-ended questionnaires were the data collection instruments. The equipment used to perform the study was checked to confirm its accuracy and validity before it was set up for use. The data was then processed and categorized, and ready for analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to interpret the findings using average, frequency, and confidence interval statistics. The research only used inferential analysis inside the multi-regression paradigm. The model showed the level of correlation between the research variables. For inferential analysis, the correlation showed the significance of the linkages underpinning firm performance, cost leadership, and differentiation. Additionally, regression analysis showed the significance of the relationships underpinning dependent and independent variables. Lastly, the research complied with the required ethical standards and guidelines.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SELECTED FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

The performance of Food and Beverages manufacturing firms is important to the development of the economy and this has been considered by researchers. In Nigeria, the decline in the performance of this sector in terms of competitive advantage has been noticed which could be as a result of a lack of quality management practices such as leadership behaviour, strategic quality planning, supplier quality management, process management and customer focus. The study investigated the effect of quality management practices on the competitive advantage of selected Food and Beverages manufacturing firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. The population of the study was 14, 591 top, middle and low-level management employees of the selected Food and Beverages manufacturing firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. A sample size of 491 was determined using the research advisor table. A simple random sampling technique was used. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients for the constructs ranged from 0.866 to 0.954. The response rate was 100%. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (multiple and hierarchical regression). Findings revealed that quality management practices had a significant effect on the competitive advantage of Food and Beverages manufacturing firms in Lagos State, (Adj.R2 = 0.117; F (5, 485) = 14.025, p < 0.05). The study concluded that quality management practices affected competitive advantage in Food and Beverages manufacturing firms in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommends that Food and Beverages manufacturing firms should encourage the adoption of quality management practices to enhance competitive advantage.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0001/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Ethical Leadership and Employee Creative Behaviour: A Case Study of a State-Owned Enterprise in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of this explanatory study was to critically understand how ethical leadership impacts employee creative behaviour as well as the creative behaviour dimensions, in a South African transport and logistics State Owned Enterprise. Theoretical framework: Leaders set the tone which has a major effect on the organizational climate and the organizational approach and the moral facet of leadership is significant because of the leader’s impact on employees and organizational conduct. Thus, this study is underpinned by the style of leadership which is ethical, since the autocratic style is often seen as lacking ethical conduct. Method: The quantitative method was chosen since a deductive approach was needed to interpret the data. The target population comprised middle and executive managers representing the leaders and low-level managers representing followers and referred to as the employees. Although a sample of 348 employees (followers) was generated using the Raosoft (2004) sample size calculator. The data from 160 respondents comprising managers and employees was collected using predeveloped questionnaires. and analysed through structural equation modelling and multiple regression techniques conducted with the Smart PLS statistical software. The reliability of the research instrument was measured using Cronbach tests, and composite reliability. Validity was also confirmed using lower-order and higher-order construct validity tests. Results and conclusion: It was confirmed that ethical leadership has a significant positive influence on employee creative behaviour, as well as with each of the creative behaviour dimensions namely: idea exploration, idea generation, and idea championing. Originality/value: The influence of ethical leadership on employee creative behaviour in South African SOEs is also not fully understood and large private corporates and government entities have been rocked by corporate governance scandals, resulting in the call for ethical leadership to save companies from collapse and astounding costs from a financial, social and human perspective. No research was conducted on the topic in South African state-owned enterprises and thus the new knowledge generated would contribute to improving leadership and making the enterprises more innovative and thus improve performance.

The Influence of Management Accounting Systems, Decentralization, Budgets and Environmental Uncertainty on Manager Performance In the Pharmaceutical Industry in Surabaya

The research conducted by the author is a replication study of research conducted by Purba in 1998 with the same title, namely the influence of management accounting systems, decentralization, budgets and environmental uncertainty on manager performance, but with different objects. The research carried out by Purba took as an object an insurance company in the Surabaya municipal area, while the research that the author put forward in this thesis took as an object the pharmaceutical industry in Surabaya. The author wants to know how much difference there is when using different research objects. Several managers are needed by a relatively large organization or company to carry out some of the tasks of top managers. This is necessary because top managers cannot possibly carry out management and supervision of all company activities as a whole. Therefore, there will be a delegation of authority from top managers to middle level managers or lower level managers.

Management of corporate-type enterprises in agribusiness

During the years of independence, the country became a crucial player in the world food market and entered the top 10 exporters. The leading position in agribusiness is occupied by the corporate sector, represented mainly by associations of agricultural enterprises, which are the leading producers and exporters of agricultural products. Therefore, the management process of large business structures needs improvement since their potential is not used effectively enough, including due to the low management level. The publication aims to research trends in the development and formation of corporate-type enterprises, substantiating the process of their management and its improvement. The article examines issues related to evaluation trends in the development of corporate agricultural enterprises. The peculiarities of their formation were determined, and it was substantiated that agricultural holdings are one of the main subjects in the agrarian economy. The performance indicators of the country’s most significant agricultural holdings were evaluated. The peculiarities and specifics of forming holding structures in agribusiness are determined. The essence of the categorical concept of agricultural holding was studied. The economic benefits of achieving a synergistic effect from the operation of integrated agrarian formations are substantiated and researched areas of formation of the management system of agricultural holdings. Proposals regarding an effective management system of holding structures are provided. The formation and development of agricultural holdings require the attention of scientists and state authorities, which involves the mandatory introduction of this form of agrarian business into the institutional environment, organization of statistical accounting of activities of agricultural holdings, and making appropriate changes to the accounting and tax reporting system. Keywords: agricultural sphere, agrarian business, management, agricultural holding, competitiveness of enterprises, corporate agro-formation, efficiency improvement.

Analysis on Risk Awareness Model and Economic Growth of Finance Industry

<p>The economy was slump mainly due to the credit market disruptions and losses generated by systemic credit institutions. The trust in the banking system to satisfy payment commitments collapsed, and financial, economic, and political risks were increased, and during that era, their significant volatility. Such dangers have skewed economic development and laid the foundations for creating an economy of dread. The financial risks occur due to investments made to firms that fail to meet their financial responsibilities. The trouble is due to the probability of financial expense. Therefore, a culture of risk consciousness must be created to increase risk sensitivity in a company. Risk awareness and agility in responding to incidents are essential, and then reaction times might be impeded, mainly when an organization has grown too fast. Creating that culture, awareness of risk management benefits, safety improvements, lower claims, and lower risk costs, and better financial outcomes improved and shown. This article examines the influence on the economic growth of financial development using time series data. This research has been conducted using three popular financial development indicators: wide cash, deposit/GDP, and private sector domestic credit. The risk awareness model (RAM) estimate has a favourable and substantial influence on economic development for all financial development indices. Therefore, this article demonstrates that all financial product economic growth indexes utilize a binding test in a profitable and long-term way. Consequently, it is suggested to push ahead with financial reforms to enhance financial sector development, increasing its contribution to economic expansion. The proposed method allows achieving better throughput by performance ratios, accuracy ratios, low error rate, precision ratio, poverty rates, and risk management levels, financial volatility rate.</p> <p> </p>

THE CURRENT STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE MALAYSIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Effective communication is a fundamental factor for high productivity and successful delivery of construction projects. However, the disjointed nature of construction activities, the emergence of more advanced communication technology, and the involvement of workers from various disciplines and background makes effective communication a hassle in the construction industry. Despite the enormous studies on enhancing communication in the construction context, the issue of ineffective communication persists, thereby contributing to site accidents and project delays. cost overrun, disputes, and low labour productivity. Therefore, this study investigates the current strategies for effective communication in the construction industry, particularly in emerging countries like Malaysia. Twenty professionals including construction managers, site supervisors, construction labourers, and language professors were interviewed. The interviewees were selected via the convenient sampling technique and the In-depth interview data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The findings reveal that the root causes of ineffective communication in the construction industry are low literacy level of construction workers, poor management and supervision, lack of technical knowledge, the complexity of the construction industry, and the language barrier. Additionally, the strategies for effective communication in the Malaysian construction industry were established and categorized into 3: Technological Based Strategies, Integrated Process Strategies, and Human Engagement Strategies. The research output provides construction experts with a novel approach that can guide the construction workforce to effectively communicate using various communication mediums, thereby increasing productivity and profits.

Breast cancer and occupation: Non-parametric and parametric net survival analyses among Swiss women (1990-2014).

Occupation can contribute to differences in risk and stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. This study aimed at determining whether occupation, along with skill level and the socio-professional category, affect the breast cancer survival (BCS) up to 10 years after diagnosis. We used cancer registry records to identify women diagnosed with primary invasive breast cancer in western Switzerland over the period 1990-2014 and matched them with the Swiss National Cohort. The effect of work-related variables on BCS was assessed using non-parametric and parametric net survival methods. Study sample included 8,678 women. In the non-parametric analysis, we observed a statistically significant effect of all work-related variables on BCS. Women in elementary occupations, with low skill level, and in paid employment not classified elsewhere, had the lowest BCS, while professionals, those with the highest skill level and belonging to top management and independent profession category had the highest BCS. The parametric analysis confirmed this pattern. Considering elementary occupations as reference, all occupations but Craft and related trades had a hazard ratio (HR) below 1. Among professionals, technicians and associate professionals, and clerks, the protective effect of occupation was statistically significant and remained unchanged after adjustment for age, calendar period, registry, nationality, and histological type. After adjusting for tumor stage, the HRs increased only slightly, though turned non-significant. The same effect was observed in top management and independent professions and supervisors, low level management and skilled laborers, compared to unskilled employees. These results suggest that work-related factors may affect BCS. Yet, this study was conducted using a limited set of covariates and a relatively small study sample. Therefore, further larger studies are needed for more detailed analyses of at risk occupations and working conditions and assessing the potential interaction between work-related variables and tumor stage.

Relationship between health literacy and self care management in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Health literacy is considered one of the influencing factors to self-care management in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetes Association stated that complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus tend to increase and get worse due to the inability to manage the disease independently. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and self-care management in the Health Centers in Makassar City. Measurements using the HLS-Q16 instrument for health literacy and diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) for self-care management. Data was analyzed by using fisher’s exact test. The results showed an adequate level of health literacy with 71 respondents and a low level of self-care management with 74 respondents from 126 respondents and there was a relationship between health literacy and self-care management with p-value = 0.004 <0.05. These findings can be additional information material to design programs and training that support the improvement

The moderating effects of gender on managerial performance assessment and dysfunctional behaviour: Evidence from Indonesia

Dysfunctional behaviour and gender are significant topics in economics and accounting research, especially behavioural accounting. The research has demonstrated a connection between managers’ motivation and performance assessment. Organizations, both public and private engage in performance assessment as a crucial activity when assessing the accomplishment of organizational objectives. This study tries to explore the effect of managerial performance assessment and gender on dysfunctional behaviour and how it affects managers’ dysfunctional behaviour. It also looks at how the role of gender in moderating the effect of managerial performance assessment on dysfunctional behaviour. The managers of Rural Banks/Sharia Rural Banks that were regulated by The Financial Services Authority Purwokerto, Central Java Province, Indonesia, are the respondents to this study. From 24 BPR/BPRS with complete data, 80 questionnaires were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. This study establishes through the use of linear regression that managerial performance evaluation has an impact on reducing dysfunctional behaviour. Additionally, research demonstrates that gender has no bearing on dysfunctional behaviour and does not moderate the effect of managerial performance assessment on dysfunctional behaviour. Other findings indicate that, despite the stereotype that women are more risk-averse, dysfunctional behaviour is not associated with gender identity. At various managerial levels, this study also discovered variations in how dysfunctional behaviour was perceived. Lower-level managers and middle-level managers, as well as lower-level managers and upper-level managers, have different perspectives on dysfunctional behaviour. Top managers and middle managers both view dysfunctional behaviour as unacceptable. Given the possibility of dysfunctional behaviour appearing while evaluating management performance, the findings of this study help to advance behavioural accounting.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PERSONNEL SECURITY ASSESSMENT INDICATORS IN THE SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY ASSESSMENT INDICATORS

The purpose of the article is to determine the importance of indicators of personnel security assessment in the system of indicators of economic security assessment of the enterprise. The novelty of this analysis is that it emphasizes the importance of the moral dimension as the basis of personnel security (not only the enterprise). It should be added that the given indicators of economic security can be calculated and changes in their dynamics can be studied, which contributes to the adoption of appropriate and timely decisions. The study of the moral dimension is already in the area of universal human values, but it directly affects all processes.
 «... domestic enterprises' restructuring of their activities in conditions of dynamic uncertainty of external environmental factors and adaptation to market conditions is a continuous process, but the methods of achieving competitive advantages and obtaining profits already depend on the "quality" of the human resource that performs management - on its moral dimension» [1, p. 269].
 Since the staff is both an object and a subject of management, the purposeful moral and intellectual impoverishment of the working population of the country is both a cause and a consequence of the decline not only of the management of individual enterprises, but also of the degradation of Ukrainian society. The origins of a low level of management should be considered in the aspect of interrelated processes, starting with studies in a higher educational institution. The young generation of "consumers with clip-on thinking" loses its value orientations, and the implementation of the principle of "negative selection" not only in the government, but also in Ukrainian institutions at all levels, nepotism and corruption contribute to the further degradation of Ukrainian society as a whole.

SWAT based Bi-objective framework for improving the degree of consumer satisfaction in urban water allocation system under streamflow uncertainty

A long-term perspective of climate change patterns leads to the strategic management of limited water resources and consequently achieves the maximum level of social satisfaction between the various sectors in a water allocation system. Therefore, this study first adopts Soil &Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate future climate change patterns [2020–2050 and 2051–2080] under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCPs) scenarios, and then the extracted SWAT output is applied as the initial data in a bi-level programming model in which the manager of the upper level (MUL) tries to maximize the level of social satisfaction between sub-areas while the lower level manager (MLL) focuses on maximization of multi-sectoral social satisfaction. Also, historical data collected from Zayandehrud basin, Iran as a case study are considered for calibration, validation, and subsequently projecting the runoff data for mentioned periods. Based on the output related to the regional hydrological cycle under the [RCP4.5/2020–2080 & RCP8.5/2020–2080] scenarios, the study area is strongly affected by drought and relative temperature increase. Accordingly, due to the shrinkage of water resources in the basin, the highest degree of consumer satisfaction is related to the domestic sector as the smallest recipient of water resources. Thus, with the development of adaptation measures such as the use of demand reduction leverage for the effective use of limited water resources, the challenge of demand dissatisfaction for both the industrial and agricultural sectors is significantly improved.

Communication between the Government and the Public as a Factor in Lowering the Risk of Corruption

What seems necessary to reduce corruption is not the imposition of anti-corruption policies, which has an influence, but the building of an anti-corruption culture to envisage rejection of corrupt practices both on the personal and at any level of state or local government. The public control of authorities, the request for which is formed by the anti-corruption culture, can be realised via well-running communications between the authorities and the public and their professional management. The authorities lacking transparency increases both the risks of corrupt practices and the faith in institutions being lost. The article describes the role communications have in implementing steps to get out of the loop of particularism and presents a plan for the implementation of the anti-corruption strategy in the field of public administration by Alina Mungiu-Pippidi. The role of communications in the implementation of Robert Klitgaard’s anti-corruption methodology based on the corruption formula is also presented: C = M + D-A /T, where M stands for monopoly, D is for discretion, and A/T is for accountability/transparency. The author presents the results of the ‘Islands of Integrity TM’ anti- corruption project, implemented by the United Nations Recovery and Peacebuilding Program and funded by the EU. In 2020, the ‘Islands of Integrity TM’ anti-corruption methodology was implemented in six communities of the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (East part of Ukraine). The author of the article was involved in sociological research conducted in six communities of the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts (April-July 2020), which revealed a lack of public interest and confidence in the official channels to inform the population about the activities of local authorities. Local residents prefer to receive information about the activities of local authorities from informal channels of communication (including from local government officials) than from official sources. This leads to the spreading of rumours and defamation, which enhances the decline in the level of public trust. The reason for this is the low professional level of communications management, the lack of research on the media preferences of local residents, and, as a consequence, the inefficient communication activities of local authorities. This state of things requires an immediate reform of the communication strategies local authorities are currently using. Moreover, mandatory practices of informing the population about all actions of the authorities should be introduced, especially regarding the activities that are vulnerable to corruption. This will reduce the corruption vulnerability of local authorities to ensure communication support for anti-corruption methodologies and foster public control. In this article, the author will turn to the matter of building effective communications between the government and the public in Ukraine and determining the necessary conditions to reduce the risk of state corruption practices by means of communications.

Influence of Aspects of Extraversion on Information Sharing Within Budget Negotiation

Managers in decentralized firms often face a fundamental information asymmetry condition which allows for budget gaming by unit managers. Unit managers (agents) often possess private information important to broader firm planning and budgeting; however, these same managers benefit through easier performance targets by keeping the information private. Firm-level managers involve lower-level managers in the budgeting process to induce the sharing of this information. The extent to which such control structures are successful may depend on the personality of the individual manager. The authors predict and find the personality aspect enthusiasm, part of the broader personality dimension extraversion, correlates with a significantly lower likelihood to share information in budget negotiation.

ETHICAL PRACTICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

Ethics are considered crucial for the growth of every organization or business firm and is one of the most critical issue organizations or business firms face today. The main objective of the study is to ascertain the effect ethical practice and organizational performance of selected beverage manufacturing companies in Ogun State, Nigeria. The cross-sectional research design was adopted and data was collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. The population of the research study were derived from the top, middle and low-level management staffs. The primary source of data was used in gathering data for the research study. Linear regression analysis method was used to test the hypothesis through the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0). Findings revealed that Ethical Practice (Accountability) has a positive and significant effect on Productivity of the Selected Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Ogun State, Nigeria (β = 0.264, t = 5.113, p < 0.05); Ethical Practice (Corporate Social Responsibility) has a positive and significant effect on Profitability of the Selected Beverage Manufacturing Companies in Ogun State, Nigeria (β = 0.292, t = 2.584, p < 0.05). Also, through research surveys of existing literatures, it concurred and further examined Unethical Practices and its negative impact on Organizational Performance. Based on

The Impact of Remote Work on Managerial Compliance: Changes in the Control Regime over Line Managers

Labour process approaches have extensively documented the impact of digitalisation and remote work on managerial control, though the role of managers has been less explored. This article fills that gap in the extant literature by examining how adopting remote work affects managerial compliance with corporate goals. Particularly, it shows that this development entails a process of de-institutionalisation and re-institutionalisation of the control regime operating over lower-level managers to act on behalf of companies. These processes are driven by corporate decisions but also by the managers’ attempts to negotiate this regime. Overall, the article claims the need to study managers as agents rather than as a mere extension of the management function or passive subjects of corporate restructurings. The arguments are based on a study conducted in a multinational mining company operating in Chile, which adopted a research-in-action approach and included interviews, document reviews and a survey of line managers.

Strategies for Improving the Effectiveness of Professional Practice for Full-Time Professional Master Degree Postgraduate in Mineral Processing Engineering

In order to gain practical experience and hands-on skills, full-time professional master degree postgraduate in mineral processing engineering should engage in professional practices. Nonetheless, a series of problems, including insufficient time for practice, low management level, inadequate implementation of the double-supervisor system, and poor results of professional practice, has reduced the effectiveness of professional practice. In view of the aforementioned problems and the characteristics of the discipline, this paper proposes several strategies for improving the effectiveness of professional practice for postgraduates in mineral processing engineering.

Audit methodology for middle and lower-level managers of a transport company

The staff of the organization, as the main driving force of any company, at all times required special attention. And in the conditions of digital globalization, deeper penetration of artificial intelligence into everyday life, the attitude of an ordinary employee to his work is transformed, the requirements for managerial personnel are also changing. The problem being developed in the current article is relevant due to the growing discontent in the labor market. The main purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for auditing middle and lower-level managers. The main results of the conducted research can be called: firstly, the methodology of the audit of the management of the middle and lower levels of the transport company is presented, secondly, the ranking of managers according to the effectiveness of their professional activities is presented, thirdly, the sequence of the audit of middle and lower level managers is presented and justified. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the fact that the formulated proposals can be used in the audit of the management staff at the enterprises of the transport industry.

The Perfectіon of the Telecommunіcatіon System, the Responsіbіlіty of the Staff Can Ensure the Objectіvіty of Іnformatіon and іts Truth (Socіal and Humanіtarіan Projectіons for the War іn Ukraіne and Dіrectіons For Іmprovіng the Management of Telecommunіcatіon Systems іn Ukraіne)

The scіentіfіc and journalіstіc artіcle was prepared based on the results of the meetіng of the dіscussіon club of the Academy of Socіal Management: “You own іnformatіon, you own the world!” Іt was establіshed that іn the condіtіons of the war and the gradual post-war reformatіon of the post-totalіtarіan socіety, telecommunіcatіon systems and the Іnternet play one of the leadіng roles. The relatіonshіp between the use of publіc іnіtіatіve іn thіs process and the effectіveness of publіc admіnіstratіon, the ratіonal use of resources, the upward development of socіety, the preventіon of abuses іn thіs area, etc., іs revealed. Based on the results of socіologіcal research, the study of publіc opіnіon, and avaіlable publіcatіons, proposals were made to determіne dіrectіons for іmprovіng the management of the telecommunіcatіons system, means of іncreasіng the responsіbіlіty of personnel, whіch can ensure the control of the qualіty of servіce and the objectіvіty of іnformatіon, іts truthfulness. The nature of the manіfestatіon of dіshonesty and the growth of possіble losses іn the natіonal economy and the development of socіety and the state іn general from low-qualіty іnformatіon, іrresponsіbіlіty for unprofessіonal decіsіons or theіr absence by managers іn thіs іndustry are consіdered. Examples of obtaіnіng possіble posіtіve changes іn thіs sphere of publіc admіnіstratіon are gіven. As a result of balancіng both the wіll of the Fіrst Persons of the State wіth publіc opіnіon, and mіscalculatіons at the lower levels of management. Іt was establіshed that іt іs necessary to іmprove іnformatіon and telecommunіcatіon technologіes іn order to ensure the possіbіlіty for hіghly qualіfіed and natіonally conscіous specіalіsts to go to the management bodіes іn thіs fіeld. Only such specіalіsts wіll be able to effectіvely cooperate wіth the country’s leadershіp, polіtіcіans and the publіc, contrіbutіng to posіtіve changes іn theіr work. Іt іs necessary to propose an organіzatіonal mechanіsm to unіte the efforts of polіtіcіans and the publіc іn order to develop an іdeologіcal concept of state development that can sіgnіfіcantly іmprove the functіonіng of the system.

ПРИЧИНИ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ ЗМІН ТА АДАПТИВНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ ЇМ В ПРОЦЕСІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ

The article reveals the reasons for strategic changes, which require a quick response to them for the further development of the organization and the search for new adaptive approaches in the process of implementing the organization's strategy. Ways to accelerate strategic changes in the organization are revealed, namely: the introduction of new technologies, which will be used to produce goods with a new price and quality, new market segments where enterprises will be evaluated by the main competitors, new distribution channels and reorientation of the market, where the nature of demand is changing, the use of new regulatory documents (contracts, laws, decisions, etc.) and sudden changes in the external environment, manifested in the price of goods, in the exchange rate etc., or in political cataclysms that can cause changes in the organization's position on the market. The reasons for the delayed response to external changes affecting the development of a strategy for adapting to the changed situation are considered. These include: inattention, i.e. not paying attention in time to a decrease, for example, in sales volumes, a period of delay, when lower levels of management are aware of the presence of serious problems, although in many cases they cannot influence the situation, since the real power lies with top management, cost reduction, which is false, because the problem is not the level of productivity, but the feasibility of production, a forced change when the policy of cost reduction did not justify itself and a sharp turn (specific changes) in investment policy, when the effective actions of the new management team were adopted. The possibilities of resistance to changes are given, namely: reducing the delay in strategic reaction, where strategic management deals with the problems of accelerating the process of "turning" when adapting to new external conditions, effective management information systems for effective monitoring of consumer behavior, use of strategic opportunities oriented to consumers, adaptation of the organization (for example, business reorganization, diversification of production and markets, search for leaders who are capable of active and decisive actions), rapid personnel changes to identify a reserve capable of being a leader in a period of sudden changes and bringing the organization out of crisis.