Logistics Clusters Research Articles

Exploring the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities for social innovation in a humanitarian aid supply network setting

This paper explores the microfoundations of the dynamics capabilities (DCs) needed for social innovation in a humanitarian aid context. We aim to reveal how humanitarian aid supply networks should develop DCs to achieve social innovation by meeting societal needs in highly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments. We conducted a qualitative content analysis on the activities of Logistics Cluster (LC), which is an organization that coordinates and guides local and international organizations to support worldwide humanitarian aid interventions. We primarily examined the LC's lessons-learned reports, supported by semi-structured interviews with the managers of LC and its supply network members. The findings revealed that: (i) early anticipation of needs in disaster-affected areas and lessons-learned exercises are the microfoundations of sensing capabilities; (ii) building capacity, supply network service provision, collaboration with logistics service providers, local partner engagement, building trust, and reconciliation are the microfoundations of seizing capabilities; and (iii) coordination and adaptability are the microfoundations of reconfiguring capabilities in the humanitarian aid context. Additionally, we identified relevant microprocesses for this context, which are preparing, engaging, strengthening, streamlining, and responding. Based on these findings, we propose a framework for social innovation in highly dynamic settings.

EFFICIENCY OF THE LOGISTICS CHAIN AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

Abstract. The basis of economic and financial security of the enterprise is effective financial and economic activity, stable financial condition, rational use of financial resources, the ability to counter threats to the internal and external environment. One of the factors of effective financial and economic activity and economic security of enterprises is the formation of effective logistics chains that provide its participants with opportunities to counter threats to the internal and external environment. Formation of effective logistics chains on the basis of taking into account the economic interests of its participants causes changes in the results of their financial and economic activities and creates the basis for their financial independence, socio-economic efficiency and stability. The purpose of the article is to form approaches to assessing the efficiency of the logistics chain on the basis of economic and financial security of enterprises. The article investigates scientific approaches to evaluating the efficiency of the logistics chain of enterprises, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, analyzes their methodology. An approach to evaluating the efficiency of the logistics chain of industrial enterprises, the use of which will reconcile the economic interests of the participants in the logistics chain, reduce their financial costs, ensure effective economic activity, form the basis for their financial and economic security. The scientific novelty of the article is the formation of a modern approach to evaluating the efficiency of the logistics chain, which, in contrast to existing ones, involves the use of an indicator of the efficiency of logistics activities of enterprises, the proposed indicator is the stationarity of ratio of operating results to logistics costs relative to the mean or deterministic trend over time, and identification of potential models of logistics efficiency of enterprises, which would ensure economic and financial security of enterprises. It is proved that efficiency of the logistics chain is achieved under the condition that the financial result from the operating activities of the enterprises united by the logistics chain in relation to their costs for logistics activities will not change for a long time or will naturally change with a reliable forecast and possibility economic forecasting of further cooperation. The expediency of using this approach was confirmed on the basis of the analysis of the efficiency of logistics chains of selected enterprises. The initial data for the construction of this model were the logistics costs as a component of the company’s operating expenses and the financial result from operating activities. The deficiencies in the use of existing accounting standards and regulations that govern the integrated assessment of the enterprise’s logistics costs have been established. It is proposed to use the Davis databases, which are formed on the basis of a web-survey of enterprises regarding the value of their logistic costs. It is noted that the actual stability of the logistics chains for each enterprise and the optimal ratio of their results to costs are determined by the current market conditions. An idea of the efficiency of connections in the logistics chain is formulated. It was concluded that the existence of a long-term stable equilibrium in the form of vector co-integration for all subjects of the logistics chain can be considered optimal. Prospects for further research are the development of a scientific approach to the formation of a logistics cluster as a basis for financial and economic security of enterprises. Keywords: economic security, financial security, financial costs, financial results, efficiency, the logistics chain, logistics activities. JEL Classіfіcatіon С22, D22, D61, O30 Formulas: 5; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 15.

Methodology Focused on Identifying Variables Necessary to Develop Logistics Clusters

Several scholars have addressed the locational factors necessary for the best installation of industries or services; among them, one finds the costs with transportation of products and raw materials, labor-related costs, benefits deriving from the agglomeration of companies, as well as place-environment associations. Some agglomeration types stand out in this context, each one of them has its specific features, although they share the same goal. The agglomeration of companies is an increasingly frequent trend observed in production centers. Companies belonging to the same production chain remain close to each other in order to reduce costs with product transportation, storage and distribution processes. Consequently, they get to optimize their processes and increase their profits. The proximity between companies belonging to the same branch increases competitiveness between them. In addition, there is significant presence of skilled labor in these regions, a fact that favors logistics operations such as the transportation of inputs needed to enable companies’ production, and cost reduction. Thus, the aim of the present research is to create a methodology capable of identifying the variables necessary to develop a logistics cluster based on concepts such as productive economic agglomerations, by taking into consideration aspects addressed in a survey conducted with key cluster policy-development actors. Moreover, Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was used to create an ontology to help better understanding the association among all variables necessary to structure logistics clusters.

MODELLING INNOVATIVE LOGISTIC CLUSTERS FOR REINFORCING INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION USING AN EXAMPLE OF A METALLURGICAL COMPLEX

The aim of the article is to present the proposed model of an international innovative logistics cluster, which aims to stimulate the renewal of the economic potential of all interested partners with a focus on the metallurgy. Experts analyse ongoing changes and trends that have affected business and logistics processes and define certain trends that could lead to an improvement in the situation, such as the use of a "Cluster strategy". The subject of the research is the analysis of the cooperation between international scientific organizations, research centers and companies within the proposed cluster. A model of the structure of the cluster was created, which will make it possible to monitor global processes in the field of economics and logistics. A simulation of the production of a new product was performed to verify the proposed cluster's expected effects. Therefore, a model was used to determine the value of the company to capture complex links. This model is based on Method DCF using structural analysis principles to objectively evaluate the influence of factors affecting the change of cost potential in the immediate vicinity of the enterprise. During the verification of specific data, the considered project's value was quantified, and obtained results showed that synergy effects could be expected. The verification results show that the interaction and cooperation between universities, research centers, and industrial enterprises at the international level can be made more efficient with an emphasis on effective and lasting cooperation in the field of innovation and technology transfer.

CLUSTER MODEL OF ORGANIZING LOGISTICS IN THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ECONOMIC DISTRICT «PODILLYA»)

The article analyses the dynamics of development indicators of the regional transport and logistics system of the economic region «Podillya». The barriers that hinder its effective functioning are identified and conditionally divided into 10 groups: political, institutional, investment-financial, infrastructural, logistical, tariff, customs, innovation, information, and environmental ones. It is proved that to eliminate these barriers it is advisable to develop a cluster model of logistics in the economic region, which means a conceptual approach that involves the creation and development of transport and logistics cluster as a mechanism for sustainable operation of the regional transport and logistics system. The cluster model includes the following blocks: a single set of logistics processes; members of the transport and logistics cluster that organize these processes; algorithm of cluster formation and functioning; organizational and economic mechanism of creation and development of transport and logistics cluster; mechanisms for forming partnerships between cluster members; achieving sustainable development of the transport and logistics cluster on the basis of stimulating the regions. Implementation of the cluster model of organizing logistics in the economic region will contribute to the synergetic (economic, social and environmental) effect.

A Conceptual Approach to Forming a Transport and Logistics Cluster as a Component of the Region’s Innovative Infrastructure (on the Example of Prydniprovsky Economic Region of Ukraine)

The analysis of the dynamics of the regional transport and logistics system of the Prydniprovsky economic region revealed many barriers to its effective functioning, which were divided into 10 groups: political, institutional, innovative, investment and financial, information, environmental, tariff, infrastructure, customs, and logistics. The forecast estimation of the indicators characterizing the development of the regional transport and logistic system in the Prydniprovsky economic region by using economic and mathematical tools was carried out, and on this basis tendencies of its functioning were revealed. It should be noted that forecast estimates should be considered forecasts-warnings. That is, provided that the insignificant level of labor productivity is maintained, as well as its reduction, the low return on capital investments in the coming years can significantly reduce the volume of transport (rail and road) in the Prydniprovsky economic region. Based on the regional development strategies of Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhzhia and Kirovohrad regions generalized, their shortcomings in creating a transport and logistics cluster were identified. In order to transform the regional innovation ecosystem, a conceptual approach to forming the transport and logistics cluster as an element of innovation infrastructure based on reasonable specialization was substantiated. It was proved that this structure should take the form of a partnership of business structures, research institutions, higher education institutions, institutions of logistics and innovation infrastructure, and government agencies. The structural scheme of interaction between the transport and logistics cluster and the innovation ecosystem was proposed to achieve the strategic goal of "Innovative development of the region on the basis of smart specialization" while implementing the strategic documents for the period till 2027. It was established that the development and implementation of basic conceptual provisions for forming a transport and logistics cluster would create appropriate conditions for increasing the volume and quality of transport and logistics services, for intensifying innovative development and implementing a qualitatively new regional pattern of sustainable development of the Prydniprovsky economic region, which must meet modern requirements for managing economic systems.

Features of Organisation of Transport and Logistics Cluster Prioritising Intelligent Transport Technologies Development

The article examines the prospects for organizing a cluster as an effective tool for ensuring connectivity of territories of the Russian Federation through the systematic and integrated implementation of intelligent transport technologies, which corresponds to strategic directions of development of transport in the Russian Federation and determines the relevance of the topic. The objective of the study is to determine the features of organisation of the transport and logistics cluster prioritising development of intelligent transport technologies by analysing the prospects for their development, studying variability of characteristics and structure of the cluster under various conditions of its formation based on the methods of formal logic, grouping, analysis of statistical data, normative-legal information, information synthesis. The study resulted in identification of prerequisites for the most rapid development and effective implementation of intelligent transport systems within the cluster. The expediency of using this approach has been substantiated, despite its labour intensity and cost. The study suggests definitions of an innovative transport and logistics cluster, as wells as characteristics of the transport and logistics cluster prioritising intelligent transport technologies. The study revealed the specifics of organisation of this cluster, which is primarily determined by the presence of dual characteristics. The peculiarities of cluster formation are reflected in the proposed structure of the cluster under study. The role of the state in organizing an innovative transport and logistics cluster is also defined

«Lublin Triangle»: Prospects for the Formation of a Transport and Logistics Cluster (Aspects of Modern Marketing Management)

The generalizing analysis of modern pan-European disintegration tendencies, especially against the background of forecasted such new tendencies, necessitates the search for other determinants of reliable international cooperation and the formation of stable international organizations. The new Lublin Triangle platform, consisting of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, which was founded in 2020, could be one of the few international organizations. The greatest economic effect and a number of concomitant institutional advantages of cooperation between these countries can give in the transport and logistics sphere with the formation of the transport and logistics cluster "Lublin Triangle". Taking into account a number of institutional and technical-functional factors, Latvia and Estonia can also be full participants in the proposed cluster; in this case, the proposed cluster may be called, for example, the Baltic-Eastern European Transport and Logistics Cluster. The categorical definition of the definition of "transport and logistics cluster" is substantiated. It is a set of spatially defined entities of all types of transport, infrastructure of their modes of transport and engineering industries, as well as related enterprises, institutions and governing bodies, which operates on the basis of a network of hubs. . The innovative nature of the proposal is that in contrast to the existing approaches in domestic and foreign science, according to which transport and logistics clusters are considered only within certain regions of a country, in this case: the understanding of the cluster, provisions and procedures of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) policy on the basis of modern marketing management; the cluster itself is offered in the form of appropriate transport and logistics hubs. The article, in addition to identifying the definition of "transport and logistics cluster" highlights the parameters of the proposed cluster with the disclosure of their content; cluster functions are classified; the structure of the network of geographical location of hubs is given.

МОЖЛИВІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВІ ФОРМИ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО КЛАСТЕРУ В ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОМУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ РАЙОНІ

Modern economic conditions for the development of the Black Sea economic region require the search for fundamentally new forms of management. In view of this, the problem of creating a transport and logistics cluster and determining its possible organizational and legal forms becomes especially relevant. The article, based on the analysis of current legislation, shows that currently no attention is paid to the creation and operation of the transport and logistics cluster in the Black Sea economic region. But from the point of view of perspective development clustering should be considered as a key direction of transformation of regional transport and logistic system. The study identified the features and differences of the cluster from other organizational and legal forms of associations of enterprises, which are as follows: its activities do not determine the special features of government (unlike corporations and concerns); this cluster structure has a permanent nature of activity (unlike consortia); is created not only for the purpose of constant coordination of economic activity of the enterprises (unlike associations). Transport and logistics cluster can be created, according to Art. 63 of the Commercial Code of Ukraine, as: a communal enterprise operating on the basis of communal property of territorial communities; a joint communal enterprise operating on a contractual basis of joint financing by the respective territorial communities – subjects of cooperation. It is proposed to make changes and additions to the Concept of creating clusters in Ukraine, the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, Strategies of balanced regional development of Mykolaiv, Odessa and Kherson regions for 2027 to create a transport and logistics cluster as a business entity. It is expedient to develop and approve the Concept of Cluster Policy of the Black Sea Economic Region and the Target Program “Formation and Development of Clusters in the Black Sea Economic Region for 2027”, which should provide for the creation of transport and logistics clusters as a special type of enterprise associations.

КЛАСТЕРНА МОДЕЛЬ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В ПРИЧОРНОМОРСЬКОМУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОМУ РАЙОНІ

Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the regional transport and logistics system of the Black Sea economic region, many barriers to its effective functioning have been identified, which are conditionally divided into 10 groups: political, institutional, investment and financial, infrastructure, logistics, tariff, customs, innovation, informational, ecological. It is proved that to eliminate these barriers it is advisable to develop a cluster model of logistics activities in the economic region, which means a conceptual approach that involves the creation and development of transport and logistics cluster as a mechanism for sustainable functioning of regional transport and logistics system. The cluster model includes the following blocks: a single set of processes of logistics activities; members of the transport and logistics cluster that organize these processes; mechanisms for forming partnerships of cluster members; financial support for cluster development; achieving a synergetic (economic, social and environmental) effect from the sustainable development of the transport and logistics cluster on the basis of stimulating the region. As a result of the study it was found that to implement a cluster model of logistics activities in the Black Sea economic region it is necessary to create appropriate institutional conditions, namely: to improve regulatory and legal regulation of transport and logistics activities taking into account the regional component; to develop a Strategy for the integrated development of the regional transport and logistics system based on the modernization of transport infrastructure and the creation of a transport and logistics cluster; to develop and implement an organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of the transport and logistics system of the economic region using the tools of "green" logistics and digital technologies; to improve the mechanism of financial support for the development of the transport and logistics system through the use of financial instruments such as venture capital, crowdfunding, factoring, international public-private partnership based on attracting private investment, credit institutions, foreign investment resources, grants from international financial institutions.

Обґрунтування доцільності створення транспортно-логістичного кластеру в Карпатському економічному районі

It is proved that for balanced sustainable development of the regional transport and logistics system it is expedient to develop a cluster model of organization of logistics activities in the economic region, which means a conceptual approach that involves the creation and operation of transport and logistics cluster. The cluster model includes the following blocks: a single set of processes of logistics activities; members of the transport and logistics cluster that organize these processes; algorithm of cluster formation and functioning; mechanisms for forming partnerships of cluster members; financial support for cluster development; achieving a synergetic (economic, social and environmental) effect from the sustainable development of the transport and logistics cluster on the basis of stimulating the region. In order to form a transport and logistics cluster in the Carpathian economic region, it is necessary to create appropriate institutional conditions, which are: improving the legislative and regulatory framework for the development of the transport sector and the organization of logistics activities, taking into account the regional component; development of the Strategy of complex development of the regional transport and logistics system on the basis of modernization of the transport infrastructure; development and implementation of organizational and economic mechanism for managing the development of the transport and logistics system of the economic region using the tools of "green" logistics and digital technologies; Improving the mechanism of financial support for the development of transport and logistics system through the use of financial instruments such as venture capital, crowdfunding, international public-private partnership based on private investment, credit institutions, foreign investment resources, grants from international financial organizations, investment funds.

ТРАНСКОРДОННІ ТЕРИТОРІЇ ЄВРОРЕГІОНУ КАРПАТИ-УКРАЇНА В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ МІЖРЕГІОНАЛЬНО-ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНОГО ПРОЄКТУ «МАЛЕ КАРПАТСЬКЕ КОЛО»: СЬОГОДЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The article examines the initiation, formation and prospects of the Interregional-infrastructure project «Small circle of Carpathian», within the cross-border territories of the Euroregion «Carpathians-Ukraine» in understanding the economic characteristics of cross-border regions. It illustrated the historiography of the life cycle of the project «Small circle of Carpathian» as a logistics cluster in the context of the regional economy, from the microeconomic to the macroeconomic level of development. Akso it noted the impact of the implementation of the joint project and described the future prospects of realization of tasks and objectives of project. The article outlines the place and role of each cross-border area of Transcarpathian, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions in logistics and infrastructure development of joint project «Small circle of Carpathian». It demonstrated in detail the road infrastructure network of the project - general and separately for each region. In addition, it shows the close connection between the forest roads and the general network of highways of the joint project on the example of cross-border territories of Zakarpattia region. The tourism industry is singled out as the main factor in the development of the economy of cross-border areas within the project «Small circle of Carpathian»: it personalized types of tourism ans indicated tourist locations (places) along the route of the joint project. The article highlights the prospects of entry of cross-border territories of the Euroregion «Carpathians-Ukraine» to cross-border economic space of the Carpathian Euroregion as a whole (through mechanisms for opening new checkpoints at the state border: between Ukraine and Romania «Yablunivka - Remete (Guta)», between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland «Boberka – Smolnik», as well as in the Lviv region). The article prepares the basis for further research on ways to improve economic and legal systems of of international interaction of cross-border territories of the Euroregion «Carpathians-Ukraine» with the economic space of the Carpathian Euroregion in the sense of international economic cooperation with the member states of the European Union.

II МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ФОРУМ "КАСПИЙ 2021: ПУТИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ" 26-28 МАЯ 2021 Г., АСТРАХАНЬ

The article gives an overview of the scientific forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" held on May 26-28, 2021 in the city of Astrakhan on the basis of the Astrakhan State University. The brief overview introduces the main directions of the forum related to the priority vectors of the Caspian macro-region development, touching upon the issues of cooperation in the scientific and educational sphere on the scale of the Great Caspian Sea, the development of the transport and logistics cluster, integrated safety and security in the context of the economic, cultural, environmental and geopolitical components, youth policy and education development issues. The International Scientific Forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" united leaders of the science system, higher education and youth policy, leading scientists, experts of higher education and will become the driver of the Year of Science and Technology in Russia. More than 20 events took place within the framework of the Forum: panel discussions, a national conference with international participation, a meeting of the Commission on Science, Research and Technology of the Association of State Universities of the Caspian Countries, a joint meeting of the Council of Rectors of Universities of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, a meeting of the Caspian Discussion Club, round tables, excursions, presentations, lectures on relevant topics.

Research on the Key Path to Improve the Collaborative Innovation Performance of Port Logistics Enterprise Cluster

Under the new pattern of international and domestic double circulation, the scale of China's port logistics enterprise cluster is expanding, but the innovation difficulty of cluster enterprises is increasing sharply, the innovation power of core technology is insufficient, there are some problems, such as focusing on agglomeration rather than cooperation, the integration of industrial chain and innovation chain is not close, and the choice of innovation path is improper. The method and purpose of this paper are based on the theory of collaborative innovation, establish a structural equation model, empirically test the logistics clusters with ports above designated size in China, and put forward the key path for the collaborative innovation of port logistics enterprise clusters, and improve the collaboration degree and innovation performance of cluster enterprises. The empirical results show that the external environment of collaborative innovation (EECCI), the innovation learning ability of cluster enterprises (ILACE) and the cluster enterprises cooperation (CEC) can directly or indirectly affect the cluster collaborative innovation performance (CCIP), and the innovation learning ability of cluster enterprises (ILACE) plays a mediating role between the external environment of collaborative innovation (EECCI) and the cluster collaborative innovation performance (CCIP). Port logistics enterprise clusters need to develop environmental governance, knowledge governance, information governance and other mechanisms to promote collaborative innovation in the industrial chain, technology chain and value chain.

Влияние коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) на рост человеческих лишений и борьбу с бедностью: экономический анализ гуманитарной логистики

The paper is focused on the influence of coronavirus pandemic on the global poverty and the relief operations in humanitarian logistics during the crisis. The conclusions are made about a significant paradigm shift in the organizational ecosystem caused by the pandemic. In modern conditions the work of logistics personnel and cluster management specialists have undergone many changes. The mass media play an integral role in logistics forecasting and subsequent poverty reduction initiatives. It is recommended to encourage corporate communication at the lowest level to achieve development goals in the face of growing fear of migration and job loss. There have been studied the results of practical experiments carried out in distant villages of India. The economic aspects of poverty alleviation have been analyzed using human capital method through understanding of deep philosophical morals of poverty, innovation economics, coordination of humanitarian agencies for opening innovative channels amidst rising death tolls and other critical situations. The logical deductive venue is far reaching as circumscribed by the past experiences in humanitarian deliveries and relief measures, which has propounded the novel grounds of research gaps in integration. The problem of poverty alleviation has been seriously contested and debated objectively by mapping the economic state of industries, as well as logistic operations to develop strategies that are ready for use on the ground. The question is raised whether public funding and aid can be sufficient to obtain a balance in the ecosystem of the livelihoods of the poor. Recovery phases must be structured and planned ahead of time during any pandemic, and COVID-19 should be no exception

METHODICAL APPROACH TO ENSURING CLUSTER AND LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OF UKRAINE

Topicality. In solving socio-economic problems in recent years, increasing contradictions between market participants at all levels of the national economy; This is especially true when it comes to the justification and practical implementation of possible options based on the analysis and further interpretation of empirical data relating to certain areas of development of territorial production systems or locally established industry markets, including transport services markets (RTP). within certain regions of the country. In this regard, there is a need to form a methodological framework for the possibility of implementing a cluster-logistics approach to the development of RTP.
 Aim and tasks. The purpose of writing this work is to develop a methodological support for cluster-logistics approach to the development of RTP with the definition of organizational forms of interaction of regional markets in the form of transport and logistics clusters (TLC).
 Research results. When analyzing and forecasting socio-economic phenomena, the researcher often encounters the multidimensionality of their description. Methods of multidimensional analysis are the most effective quantitative tool for the study of socio-economic processes, described by a large number of characteristics. These include cluster analysis, taxonomy, pattern recognition, factor analysis, and more. Cluster analysis most clearly reflects the features of multidimensional analysis in the classification, and factor analysis in the study of communication. The main purpose of cluster analysis is the breakdown of the set of studied objects and features into homogeneous groups in the appropriate sense of clusters. In cluster analysis, the concept of metrics is introduced to quantify similarity, and the similarity or difference between classified objects is set depending on the metric distance between them.In this paper, a single connection within a group of algorithms using a quadratic Euclidean distance is used. Cluster analysis most clearly reflects the features of multidimensional analysis in the classification. That is why a dimensionless model based on the use of relative coefficients of hierarchical agglomerative type is proposed to analyze the development of RTP and its transport infrastructure. The use of multidimensional classification methods allowed to group districts, in contrast to the traditional geographical or administrative division, by level of socio-economic development, which determines the needs of districts in transport infrastructure and cooperation, which, in particular through TLC, will ensure maximum use of existing economic potential. economy and equalization of living conditions of the population in different territories.Conclusion. Thus, the transport and socio-economic potential of the regions was analyzed, as a result of which two formed TLCs and five nuclei were identified, on the basis of which it is proposed to develop TLCs of appropriate types by joining regions with medium and low transport potential.

Перспективы развития сетевого взаимодействия в транспортно-логистическом комплексе региона

The article deals with the current issue of development of the transport and logistics system and transport and logical clusters on the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of network interaction. The subject of the study is the transport and logistics clusters of Russian regions, their importance in the development of the transport and logistics complex and economy of Russian regions. Scientific and theoretical concepts on the research problem and their hierarchy in the transport and logistics complex of the region are considered. The economic essence of the transport and logistics cluster and its structure elements are described, and the economic characteristics of various groups of enterprises depending on the degree of participation in the main business process are presented. A comparative assessment of the state and functioning of transport and logistics clusters on the territory of Russia with the European network of transport and logistics clusters formed during the strengthening of integration of European economies into a single space is carried out and proposals for their development based on network interaction are made. The main research methods are formal logical, system and situational approaches, and statistical analysis. The need to support the formation of transport and logistics clusters through state programs and strategies, forms of public-private partnership in economy, activation of integration ties and integrated development based on basic enterprises is identified. The indicators of functioning of transport and logical clusters on the example of Belgorod region, Primorye Krai, including the level of development of the regional infrastructure, the degree of involvement of the economic power of the region, regions position on major domestic and global transport corridors are analyzed and studied. Based on the results of the work, proposals for the development of network interaction in the transport and logistics complex of the regions were formulated, prospects and directions for improving the economic efficiency of transport enterprises were determined, and the percentage of losses in the industry was reduced. The application of the results is useful in the development of regional socio-economic and transport development programs.

Estimating access to health care in Yemen, a complex humanitarian emergency setting: a descriptive applied geospatial analysis

BackgroundIn conflict settings, data to guide humanitarian and development responses are often scarce. Although geospatial analyses have been used to estimate health-care access in many countries, such techniques have not been widely applied to inform real-time operations in protracted health emergencies. Doing so could provide a more robust approach for identifying and prioritising populations in need, targeting assistance, and assessing impact. We aimed to use geospatial analyses to overcome such data gaps in Yemen, the site of one of the world's worst ongoing humanitarian crises.MethodsWe derived geospatial coordinates, functionality, and service availability data for Yemen health facilities from the Health Resources and Services Availability Monitoring System assessment done by WHO and the Yemen Ministry of Public Health and Population. We modelled population spatial distribution using high-resolution satellite imagery, UN population estimates, and census data. A road network grid was built from OpenStreetMap and satellite data and modified using UN Yemen Logistics Cluster data and other datasets to account for lines of conflict and road accessibility. Using this information, we created a geospatial network model to deduce the travel time of Yemeni people to their nearest health-care facilities.FindingsIn 2018, we estimated that nearly 8·8 million (30·6%) of the total estimated Yemeni population of 28·7 million people lived more than 30-min travel time from the nearest fully or partially functional public primary health-care facility, and more than 12·1 million (42·4%) Yemeni people lived more than 1 h from the nearest fully or partially functional public hospital, assuming access to motorised transport. We found that access varied widely by district and type of health service, with almost 40% of the population living more than 2 h from comprehensive emergency obstetric and surgical care. We identified and ranked districts according to the number of people living beyond acceptable travel times to facilities and services. We found substantial variability in access and that many front-line districts were among those with the poorest access.InterpretationThese findings provide the most comprehensive estimates of geographical access to health care in Yemen since the outbreak of the current conflict, and they provide proof of concept for how geospatial techniques can be used to address data gaps and rigorously inform health programming. Such information is of crucial importance for humanitarian and development organisations seeking to improve effectiveness and accountability.FundingGlobal Financing Facility for Women, Children, and Adolescents Trust Fund; Development and Data Science grant; and the Yemen Emergency Health and Nutrition Project, a partnership between the World Bank, UNICEF, and WHO.

Updating Topographic Maps at Scale 1:250000 for Libyan Territory Using Quantum GIS (QGIS) and Open Geospatial Data: Libya Topo-Project

From the beginning of the twentieth century, topographic maps for the Libyan state carried out by various compilers, where the first mapping was carried out by the Italian Military Geographical Institute, the Soviet Union Military, and the U.S. Army, followed by mapping carried out by the Libyan state from the 1950s to the 2000s. Most of these maps have not been digitized and updated using the techniques of geographic information systems and remote sensing. This paper discusses on the objectives, methodology and results of the Libya Topography Project, “Libya Topo” for updating the previously compiled topographical map at scale, 1:250000. Open spatial data from different platforms (OSM, Logistics Cluster, Landsat 8 satellite imagery, and SRTM data, etc.). Also, POIs extracted from previously compiled topographic and geological maps. Spatial database for each UTM zone created to store the features and raster. As for the cartographic style, the map layout adopted is the style of the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency maps. The results of the project are an update of 121 topographical map sheets using Quantum (GIS), those will be freely available for the interested users on request (e.g., environmentalists, academics, and university students, etc.).

PROSPECTS FOR EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SERVICES OF RUSSIA

Export of transport and logistics services has been analysed and ways of its development based on factors that affect the growth of exports have been proposed. The main problems that hinder the development of both services exports and the transport system as a whole, which are reduced to a lag in the technical and technological level and low competitiveness of domestic companies, have been outlined. The expediency of innovative way of developing the transport system through the formation of transport and logistics clusters, infrastructure development and the introduction of new technologies has been substantiated. Taking into account the large volume of world cargo transport by sea, the development of seaports is of great importance. The need is noted for state support not only for large enterprises, but also for small companies specializing in the development and implementation of innovations in transport services. The issue of increasing the volume of transport services through the development of the Northern sea route and the implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt project has been considered.