To improve the teaching quality of local application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities, this study conducted a survey of teachers in three application-oriented demonstration colleges and universities in Henan Province, and assessed the recognition degree of teachers with different personal backgrounds on the three variable dimensions of teacher competence, classroom management, and teaching effect. The results showed that gender and teaching experience have significant differences in teaching ability, personal attitude, and teaching preparation. Education level has a significant influence on teachers’ competence, teacher-student communication, and teaching effect. There was no significant difference in age among the three variables. In addition, there is a significant correlation between the three variables, indicating that the stronger the teacher’s ability, the better the classroom management, and the higher the teaching effect. This provides a reliable empirical basis for the teaching improvement plan of applied local colleges and universities.