Literary Aspects Research Articles

بولی اورزبان: اردو کے سیاق میں تجزیہ

The initial level of language is called dialect, which helps in maintaining and maintaining daily activities, business transactions, and social relations. The majority of people depend on it. Language derives its energy from local dialects. The range of language is wide and dialect is limited. There can be many dialects in a language area, but there cannot be many languages in a dialect area. Language is the queen of expressing every concept and feeling. Language covers educational, administrative, judicial, political and literary aspects. Script is necessary for language. Due to writing, language documents are preserved and the vocabulary is also increasing day by day. Dialect is mainly verbal expression. However, it is not necessary that every dialect is devoid of writing. Normally its written forms appear in private letters and folk literature.

Hydropedagogical Literary Perspective on the Brantas River Myth in Java, Indonesia

This study on the myths of the Brantas River is conducted using a literature hydropedagogy perspective. The research aims to dissect the literary aspects of the myth by applying the concept of water studies. This qualitative research uses data in the form of mythological narratives about the Brantas River that are prevalent in the Kediri community, collected through interviews with local residents. The data is analyzed through various literatures using the hydropedagogy perspective developed based on the concept "Learning from Water" by Prof. Dr. Suwardi Endraswara, M.Hum. The origin of the Brantas River is described by Empu Bharada, who divided the Kediri Kingdom’s territory by pouring water from a jug in the middle of the kingdom. The analysis reveals several Javanese philosophies related to water: (1) water always flows from higher to lower places, (2) water always fills empty spaces, and (3) water always flows to the estuary. Additionally, the term "kendhi" is derived from the phrase "kendhalining dhiri". A myth suggests that if a president crosses the Brantas River, they will lose their position or power. This belief is linked to the mystical nature of the Brantas River, often used for rituals and spiritual practices by ancestors. However, the validity of this belief depends on one's logic and religious values. Moreover, the study explores how individuals perceive myths as life guidelines or literary works that enhance cultural awareness and wisdom in facing life.

UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A ÓTICA DA LINGUÍSTICA APLICADA DA OBRA 8 JEITOS DE MUDAR O MUNDO PARA CRIANÇAS: UTILIDADE PARA A SALA DE AULA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II

This study aims to analyze the book 8 Jeitos De Mudar O Mundo for children, in analogy from the perspective of applied linguistics, highlighting its mannerisms and uses for elementary school II, pointing out literary aspects such as its textual genre and its diversity of themes. In these investigations, applications for the Portuguese language component will be exposed, recommending the practices of the precepts of linguistics applied in a broad and diverse way, interacting with other areas of knowledge and cooperating dynamically in the production of knowledge. Educators must have teaching material at hand that supports this mission, enabling a more complete and assertive study, which efficiently puts theory into practice, developing it in countless learning situations. Strengthening speech and writing in relationships in the classroom and beyond. Providing reflection inherent to the teaching situation at school, which elucidates the scenario of the teaching-learning process related to the improvement and resourcefulness of the student's speech and writing, highlighting the importance of these skills for social insertion and for articulating transformations in the life of this citizen. It is up to the professor to lead the individual and collective maturation of students in favor of the full mastery of these skills.

Contribution and involvement of Hazbans in islamic civilization(648_923H/1250_1517AD), Bahri and Charkas mamluks era as an illustration

Al-Hazbany played a significant role in building and managing authority during the Middle Ages, establishing a Kurdish emirate within the Islamic state. Their influence extended beyond their homeland, as they journeyed thousands of kilometers towards Egypt and the Levant, actively participating in state affairs. Notably, the tribe made substantial contributions to scientific development, particularly during the eras of the Bahri Mamluks and Circassian kingdoms. The research comprises an introduction and two sections. The introduction sheds light on the origins of the Al-Hazbany tribe, their geographical presence, and their early political engagements, Especially in the Kurdistan regions, because they started their first political and military uprising in Kurdistan. The first section explores the multifaceted role of the tribe in the Bahri Mamluks kingdoms, covering administrative, scientific, religious, and literary aspects, Because with the disappearance of Ayyubid rule, the Hazbanis continued to provide scientific and administrative services. In the second section, the focus shifts to the Circassian kingdoms, providing insights into the administrative and scientific roles of the Hazbanys and their significant contributions to reconstruction. We note that during this period the Kurdish Hazbanis paid attention to the aspect of prayer، for example, the construction of mosques, scientific sites and even places known by their names, but it is not known why they were used.

THE STYLISTIC ORIGINALITY OF THE NOVEL “THE GLASS CASTLE” BY JEANNETTE WALLS

The article analyzes the linguistic and stylistic devices used by J. Walls which express the writer’s style of writing. The linguistic aspect of the writer’s creativity remains insufficiently studied since the researchers focused mainly on the literary aspect. The stylistics of the modern English language differs in a certain way from stable, traditional language forms. On the selected research material (Jannette Walls’s novel “The Glass Castle”) it can be seen that, over time, the allusions acquire a more modern character: in the mentioned novel, J. Walls refers not only to classic or ancient works (“Hercules”, “Lord of the Flies”) but even to more “simple” modern literature, children’s fairytale “The Wizard of Oz” by L. F. Baum. Allusion provides references and explanations that help the reader understand the meaning of symbols and places in the memoir. To enhance the effect, the writer sometimes uses jargon, vocabulary not inherent in traditional literature. J. Walls writes in such detail and uses so many images that the reader can visualize any described event. There is a lot of symbolism in the novel, and “The Glass Castle” is one of the most significant symbols of the work. It is also an extended metaphor for empty promises and false hopes. Comparison, which is used more often than any other stylistic means, makes the story real, bringing all the characters to life. Personification deserves special attention. Using this stylistic figure, the author reveals one of the main symbols of the novel – fire. As for Jeannette’s parents, they are frequently described with hyperbole. Thus, the use of certain stylistic means, their application, and their place in the novel plays an important role in creating a special and unique style of writing.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF LUDOVIK PASKVALIĆ TOWARD LITERARY CONTEMPORARIES IN KOTOR IN THE 16 TH CENTURY

The topic of this paper explores the relationship between Ludovik Paskvalić (1500 - 1551), the poet from the Bay of Kotor and his literary contemporaries: Kamil Drago, Đorđe and Marjan Bizanti, Ivan Bon Boliris and the brothers Buća. Previous scientific studies have not been analyzing these friendships from a literary aspect, making this topic relevant and under-re- searched. A comprehensive insight into the mutual influences of literary creators who marked the cultural climate of Kotor during the 16 th century indicates the importance of social ties, literary role models and mutual inspiration, illuminating the dynamic and inspiring atmosphere that shaped the literature of that period. Also, the chronicling style of writing that is recognizable by the poet Paskvalić, left significant testimonies about the life and work of his contemporaries. The intention of this paper is to complete the existing knowledge about this critical aspect of Paskvalić’s life and creativity with the help of comparative, research and literary-historical meth- ods, i.e. to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between the circle of Renaissance writers from Kotor, which Paskvalić preserved from oblivion in with his verses.

Ukrainian Literary Dissent

The aim of the study was to discuss Ukrainian literary dissent as a component of the socio-cultural phenomenon of the Sixties – the national revival of the 1960s and 1970s in Ukraine and the Resistance Movement under the totalitarian regime of the Soviet Union. The objective was to reflect on the phenomenon of Ukrainian literary dissent in the second half of the twentieth century in the light of the modus operandi/concept of Freedom. Historical and literary, comparative and historical, receptive and aesthetic, on top of typological methods are tools for understanding the Ukrainian literary dissent of the 1960s and 1970s in Ukraine in its morphological dimension. Personalities of the Ukrainian literary dissent included Ihor Kalynets, Hryhorii Kochur, Yurii Lytvyn, Valerii Marchenko, Taras Melnychuk, Mykhailo Osadchyi, Vasyl Ovsiienko, Mykola Rudenko, Yevhen Sverstiuk, Ivan Svitlychnyi, Vasyl Stus, Oleksa Tykhyi, Les Taniuk, Mykola Kholodnyi, and others. The basis for the formation and existence of Ukrainian literary dissent (general historical, historical and cultural, mental, ontological) in the context of the Sixties as a “synergistic phenomenon” was discussed by Liudmyla Tarnashynska. Worldview, philosophical, socio-cultural manifestations of Ukrainian literary dissent were literary aspects of the human rights movement (literary and artistic, rhetorical and journalistic, literary and critical). The existence of Ukrainian self-publishing was a special form of the Resistance Movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, as well as an alternative component of the literary process of this period (Ivan Dziuba, Iryna Zhylenko, Sviatoslav Karavanskyi, Roman Korogodskyi, Mykhailyna Kotsiubynska, Leonid Pliushch, Mykola Rudenko, Yevhen Sverstiuk, Ivan Svitlychnyi, Vasyl Stus, and others). Contribution of literary dissidents included the activities of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group (Oles Berdnyk, Yurii Lytvyn, Valerii Marchenko, Mykola Rudenko, Vasyl Stus). The activity of the Ukrainian literary dissent is projected into the plane of Freedom and Rebellion in the socio-historical, mental, genetic, and metaphysical planes were social freedom as a socio-political struggle; personal freedom as an existential confrontation; and creative freedom as a metaphysical rebellion. Presentation of the activities/works of Mykola Rudenko, Ivan Svitlychnyi, and Vasyl Stus as key figures of Ukrainian literary dissent follows.

Sanatını Filistin’in Özgürlüğüne Teksif Eden Edebiyatçı: Gassân Kenefânî

Novels and stories, which are types of prose in literature, deal with the social, individual and psychological events experienced by individuals and society from different aspects. Thus, a topic or event is conveyed in a more exciting, emotional, dramatic and literary way by making the heroes talk and is presented to the appreciation of the readers. As it is known, the most dramatic social event of the 20th century was the massacre of Palestinians, their exile from their homeland and their becoming refugees. To this day, the oppression and persecution of a small number of people who have not left their homeland has continued, and the killing of a few Palestinians every week has become an ordinary event. The few Palestinians living in difficult conditions in their homeland have been brutally murdered in front of the world since October 7, 2023. One of the Arab writers of the 20th century who saw and experienced these troubles before and devoted his art to the Palestinian cause is Ghassan Kenefani. He wrote works in the field of novels, stories and theater and expressed in a literary way the troubles, pain, despair he experienced during the occupation of his homeland and the exile of his people, the sadness of living away from the homeland, and the ways of returning there again. He is one of the rare literary figures who concentrated his art in this field. Again, he encouraged his people with his works and ideas and tried to motivate them to defend the homeland and return to his country. The author chose most of the subjects he discussed in his works from real life. In the study, first of all, attention will be drawn to the life, works and literary aspects of Gassân Kenefânî. At this point, some topics and events that Kenefânî deals with will be touched upon, and the general characteristics of some of the characters in his novels, the subject of time and place, and narrative techniques will be included. Then, his language and literary style will be examined, especially based on some of the novels and stories he wrote. While doing this, some of the similes, descriptions and symbols he used in his novels and stories, as well as some sentences with literary characteristics, will be presented to the attention of the scientific and literary world. In the last part of the study, some criticisms directed at Kenefânî and his novels will also be included. Key Words: Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Ghassan Kenefani, Palestinian Literature, Novel, Style, Homeland

Author and narrator in fanfiction community texts (a study of fanfics based on literary classics)

Recent research on Russian-language fanfiction has focused on analyzing the fanfic text itself, exploring its structural, stylistic, and artistic aspects. While the role of the author in the fanfiction community has always been crucial, the current research emphasizes a more comprehensive investigation of the sociological dimension of authorship rather than its literary aspects. The unique communication style prevalent in the fanfiction community challenges the traditional model of author-reader relations, leading to a shift in the dynamics of interaction between ficwriters and ficreaders. This change creates a noticeable gap in the academic understanding of the different forms of authorship in fanfiction. To maintain a meaningful author–reader–original text dialogue, ficwriters introduce a specific narrator persona. Our study, which examines narrators in fanfics based on Russian classical literature through comparative analysis with metatextual information and insights from in-depth interviews, concludes that the narrator possesses both obligatory and optional features. These features enable the narrator to act as an intratextual mediator in the ongoing dialogue between the author and the reader. The narrator seamlessly integrates into the fictional world as a character while conveying the author’s perspective outside the text. This role significantly differs from the conventional concept of a “raisonneur.” The analysis of the narrative structure reveals that the narrator in fanfiction serves as an artistic projection of the fanfic author, blurring the lines between biographical and artistic authorship for both readers and the author. The narrator actively contributes to the storytelling process, providing synchronous commentary on their own work and exercising control over the characters. This aligns with the authorial intention in fanfiction, where the author initiates a dialogue between readers and the classic source text, both “from inside” and “outside” the text through creative interpretation.

Hadith as Oral Literature through Early Islamic Literary Criticism

Abstract Although the study of ḥadīth (the Prophet’s speech) has advanced significantly in recent decades, several of its literary aspects remain unexplored within Euro-American scholarship. The epistemological status of ḥadīth within balāghah, the premodern Islamic theory of literary analysis, has received little scholarly attention. Drawing on Inimitability and Conciseness (Kitāb al-Iʿjāz wa al-Ījāz), written by the literary critic, Abū Manṣūr al-Thaʿālibī (d. 1038 CE), I show how during the oral stages of its development, ḥadīth was a living tradition that was highly flexible in terms of its wording and content. I empirically explore the interface and interactions between oral and written media in the employment of individual ḥadīths as literary texts, showing how an in-depth exploration of the oral nature of ḥadīth illuminates the approaches of modern literary criticism to appreciate literary texts of oral origin. In conclusion, I suggest that the early Arabic discourse of literary criticism offers an emic (culture-specific) perspective that fosters recognition of the literary reception of ḥadīth and its profound integration into the Islamic literary culture.

Reception of Anton Chekhov's play "Uncle Vanya" in China

This paper examines several important translations of the play from the play's first appearance in China in 1930 to the present day, as well as research and analyses of the play by Chinese scholars. The author uses comparative-typological, comparative-historical, and interpretive methods as the leading research methods. Through the comparative-historical method the dependence between the socio-cultural conditions of the state and the peculiarities of the work's reception is established. The difference in the viewpoints of literary scholars and critics on the poetics and imagery of the play is explicated by the author of the work through the use of comparative-typological method. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that some articles and books by Chinese critics and literary critics considering the peculiarities of the figurative structure and ideological content of A. P. Chekhov's play "Uncle Vanya" are the first to be included in the research turnover, allowing to establish the dependence of the perception of the work by Chinese readers on the socio-cultural conditions of the country. As a result, the author has shown that the perception of "Uncle Vanya" in China is closely connected with the social and political factors of the country, changing over time. The study showed that in the 21st century, more and more attention is paid to the artistic and literary aspects of the work.

The poetry of cold in Yakut prose of the early twentieth century: cold as the border of the Yakut world

In recent years, an active appeal to the discourse of cold as a scientific problem has been observed in science, which is partly due to some extent to the transformation of the worldview of modern man, partly to the awareness of the fragility of the world balance in a globalising space. At the same time, the lack of development of the methodology, which consists in the absence of a conceptual, informational base, separate tools, creates difficulties in implementation this problem. In this regard, the topic presented in this article undoubtedly has great scientific potential and novelty in the context of the problem of geo-culture of the North. The purpose of the study is to study the concept of cold in the context of the geo-cultural landscape of Yakutia as a semantic structure, which manifests itself in the constancy of images, universals with cultural, historical, mental community and united in a single artistic system. The author pays special attention to the reception of the concept of cold in the aspect of binary positions of one's own and another's, where one's own is represented by an associative series of native, close, bright, safe, and participates in the formation of unique characteristics of the national world. The main attention is paid to the initial properties of cold, which form the borders of the Yakut world and participating in the design of a specific mental picture of Sakha, which is quite clearly reflected in the images of the initiating heroes of P.A. Oyunsky. In addition, the subject of the study is also the specifics of cold and its role in the actualisation of the unique geo-cultural quality of the city of Yakutsk as the coldest, most distant city, “the city on the edge”. The methods used in the article were systemic, structural research methods. Results. The study of this concept in the literary aspect helps to identify the peculiarities of the individual style, the author's position, and the peculiarities of constructing a national picture of the world.

ABISH KEKILBAYULY – LITERARY SCIENTIST

This article examines the contribution of Abish Kekilbayuly to lit- erary studies. His role as a literary scholar is to study the works of famous poets and writers, and his conclusions related to literary theory are enriched and substantiated in his literary and educational scientific articles. The purpose of the article is to summarize the literary and literary criticism of literary critic A.Kekilbayuly about literature, scientific, literary, educational and criti- cal thoughts that arose during the study of creative laboratories of writers. To realize this goal, scientific, research and educational articles by A.Kekilbayuly were selected and taken as the object of research, showing his literary skills. The article uses methods of review, description, systematization, analysis, and comparison. As a scientific novelty, this article for the first time analyzes and studies the scientific nature of the literary aspect of Abish Kekilbayuly within the framework of his literary and scientific articles related to the theory of literature. The works of a literary critic are examined and evaluated from the heights of modern literary criti- cism. It is emphasized that the key thoughts and literary reflections of the scientist in each of his articles, rational judments are precious things that never lose their value. This article, which analyzes A. Kekilbayuly’s scientific ideas about aesthetic and cognitive thought and writers, a creative laboratory, literary trends and literary movements, literary style and other literary theories, allows it to be used as addition- al material in special courses related to literary studies and evaluate A. Kekilbayuly as a literary critic.

The Inclusion of Actions that Implies the Meaning of the Verbal Action in the Holy Quran and its Interpretative Connotations

This research addresses a portion of the inclusion of actions specifically related to the inclusion of the verb - such as "inspired" and "called" - to convey the meaning without its explicit mention. The research constitutes a foundational Quranic study of this topic that serves Islamic studies students and anyone interested. The significance of the research lies in exploring these actions, which amounted to forty-five verbs, and indicating the signs of including actions for the meaning of speech. It follows an inductive and descriptive-analytical approach aimed at distinguishing between the inclusion of the verb for the meaning of speech and the omission of speech. It also highlights the importance of context in producing these actions. The research focuses on literal aspects of these actions, their rhetorical styles, verbal similarities in their verses, studying them, and explaining their interpretative connotations and their impact on clarifying meaning.

The influence of the Tanzimat and Jadidism on the enlightenment of Alash (literary aspect)

The influence of the Tanzimat and Jadidism on the enlightenment of Alash (literary aspect)

Hemchandra Goswami’s Beloved’s Letter and William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116: A Comparative Analysis

Hemchandra Goswami (1872-1928), representing a vibrant voice- being one amongst the Romantic-trio of Jonaki Era of Assamese literary world establishing a new spirit and William Shakespeare (1564-1616), the greatest dramatist and poet of the Elizabethan Age of British literary world predicate ample scope to investigate exploring various literary aspects though belonging to diverse world spatially and temporally. So, here in this research paper it is endeavoured to make a comparative analysis of the two poets considering chiefly the dominant thematic aspect of love along with stylistic aspects characterizing the poetic world of both the poets like style and form with reference to the two specific poems Hemchandra Goswami’s Priyotomar chithi translated as The Beloved’s Letter and Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116. The passion of love emanates from human heart as spontaneous expression and therefore its literary manifestation is very obvious in any genre of literature-whether it is poetry, novel, drama, short story or any other. The theme of love has a universal appeal- from temporal point of view, this theme is found in the creations of any age as well as its prominence in the creations of all literary manifestations irrespective of space such as in British, American, Indian, Assamese etc. Moreover, Hemchandra Goswami’s The Beloved’s Letter is regarded as the first Assamese sonnet and Shakespeare’s sonnets have always been widely acclaimed and acknowledged as the classic creation. So, understanding of the two sonnets belonging to diverse space and time would be an impelling force to negotiate the ideas impartially and scientifically which may have a substantial bearing on the existing knowledge. Thus, this paper is an attempt to make a comparative analysis of these two literary stalwarts exploring the literary realm of Hemchandra Goswami and William Shakespeare particularly taking into account The Beloved’s Letter by Hemchandra Goswami and Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare.

Unveiling the Historical and Literary Aspects of Rajavrat: An In-Depth Overview

Rajavrat known as Lapis lazuli stone is one of the semiprecious stone in Indian alchemy placed under Upratna Varg. Lapis lazuli stone is made up of Metamorphic Rock and chemically it is mixture of minerals (Na S3-Al) Al2 (SiO4)3 with lazurite. It is royal blue in colour and used since century for ornaments, beads and making of decorative items. The ‘blue pigment’ known as ultramarine is extracted from it and used in paintings and colouring agent since middle age. It is one of the most spiritually used stone worldwide and used therapeutically in different system of medicines. In Ayurveda it is mentioned in most of the Rasagranthas and therapeutically given in various ailments mainly in diabetes, alcoholism, and urinary disorders. Its identification, different purification methods, therapeutic uses are described in various texts. An attempt has been made to compile and provide information regarding its historical presence, mineralogical identification, physico-chemical properties and therapeutic uses in different system of medicine.

From literature to film, from film to series

In light of Irina Rajewsky’s intermedia concepts of transposition (adaptation of literary text or word art to audiovisual text or visual art) and reference (a work whose reference to another work is reflected in its structure) (2012), our purpose is to present some aspects of literary, filmic and television narratives, from Robert Bloch’s novel Psycho, originally published in 1959 (1961), to Hitchcock’s film adaptation (1960), to Bates Motel (2013-2017) TV show, produced by A&E. Our remarks show how the intermedia/intersemiotic transit was built, its interference with some narrative elements, and its contribution to the story. We adopted a psychoanalytic interpretation based on Lacan, which allows us to discuss some elements of the three pieces. We also examine some aspects related to psychoanalysis that can be productive for new readings.

The Application of Vinay and Darbelnet Model to English and Urdu Translations of Surah Ad- Duha: A Comparative Study

This study aims to analyze the linguistic features of three translated versions of Surah Ad Duha with the help of Vinay and Darbelnet's translation theory.The analysis is based on the seven translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet, which include transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, borrowing, literal translation, and oblique translation.The study examines the translators approach which reveals the original linguistic and cultural choices made by the translators to convey the intended message. The study provides tactics of understanding and translating religious texts keeping in consideration the differences in linguistic and cultural features, the use of rhetorical devices, sentence structures, and word choices, and how they contribute to the overall meaning and message of religious textsfor distinct audience. The findings of this research can be used to enhance the understanding of the linguistic and literary aspects of the Qur'an, as well as provide insights into the translation of religious texts. Keywords: Surah Ad Duhaa; VinayDarnelnet model; Direct and Oblique method

From Queens to Rebel Girls? Biographies about Women within Italian Children’s Literature

Abstract: The article explores Italian biography for young readers focusing on the representation of women’s lives that have been overshadowed in the history of the literary genre. The analysis addresses both pedagogical and literary aspects, investigating which female role models are portrayed and the evolution of biographical writing style. In tracing the development of biographies about women within Italian children’s literature and its pedagogical and cultural background, five historical shifts are outlined: (1) the persistence of women’s moralistic portrayals in the 1960s, (2) the conflicting impact of feminist movements on the biographies of the 1970s, (3) the emergence of biographical picturebooks and a psychologically nuanced writing style in the 1980s, (4) the emphasis on rediscovering marginalized female figures at the beginning of the new century, and (5) contemporary trends of celebrating diverse female role models and the critical debate around gender representation. The analysis points out today’s challenges for biographies as hybrid nonfiction— not only interweaving different role models and styles, but also questioning their anthropocentric perspective.