Literary Aspects Research Articles

한국어교육 교재의 문학작품 수록 양상 분석

한국어교육 교재의 문학작품 수록 양상 분석

A literatura infantojuvenil e as amarras da literatura: arte com funcionalidade

Informado pelos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução, este artigo problematiza algumas questões centrais para a literatura infantojuvenil (LIJ) e para a reescrita desse tipo de literatura. Com base na noção de reescrita de André Lefevere e no entendimento de que aspectos ideológicos e poetológicos condicionam a publicação de obras literárias, discute-se o caráter teleológico da LIJ, bem como as imposições de ordem cultural, ideológica ou mercadológica que podem interferir na criação da LIJ ou da literatura em geral. Considera-se que para a compreensão dos fenômenos tradutórios em dada cultura meta faz-se necessário analisar, além de aspectos literários, as condicionantes particulares dessa cultura, observando especialmente as propostas ou concepções de literatura e de sociedade por parte daqueles que atuam no processo de elaboração e difusão das reescritas. Observa-se ainda que diferentes perspectivas ideológicas e poetológicas podem ser entrevistas não somente na diacronia que separa as reescritas mais antigas das contemporâneas, mas também as reescritas publicadas em um mesmo momento histórico poderão apresentar propostas distintas, as quais são concretizadas, por meio de estratégias tradutórias, na própria reescrita, no modo de reler o Outro. Para isso, o artigo ilustra com exemplos concretos a discussão teórica apresentada, sendo abordados casos de projetos tradutórios em sistemas literários distintos, especificamente, Estados Unidos, Polônia e Brasil. Ao discutir as implicações de uma “literatura para” e abordar as fronteiras porosas entre os termos usualmente utilizados na reescrita de LIJ (tradução, adaptação, história recontada), este trabalho objetiva abordar a complexidade da LIJ quanto a sua própria definição e as suas formas de apresentação em detrimento de perspectivas que inserem a LIJ em uma posição de inferioridade ou à margem da literatura.

Justice in Khawaja Nidham-ul- Mulk's Siyasatnama

In this research, a reference is made to the book entitled “Siasatnama” by Khawaja Nidhamul-Mulk. No important indicator is spotted but only the topic of justice. Thus, the research is entitled in the Siasatnama by Khawaja Nidhamul-Mulk”. Based on this, thinkers explore the history of political thought starting with the ideas of Greeks, looking for the visions of Plato and Aristotle, and pointing to the roots of political schools. But Khawaja Nidhamul-Mulk did not address any old political school from Greece or elsewhere; and if the statements of Khawaja Nidhamul-Mulk and his policy for nearly 30 years in the ministry of Seljuks are reviewed, there is nothing but social justice, fighting injustice and encouraging the expanding of science. The research is divided into three sections; the first is related to the following topics: - Khawaja Nidhamul-Mulks Biography - ministry of Nidhamul-Mulk - the mysterious killing of Nidhamul-Mulk the plot that killed Nidhamul-Mulk Meanwhile, the second is related to the following topics: - definition of prose - types of prose in Persian - the literary style of the “Siasatnama” - the literary aspects of the “Siasatnama” Finally, the third is related to justice in “Siasatnama”

Teaching of Classical Chinese Prose under Bilingual Environment in Singapore

<p>The teaching of classical Chinese prose in Singapore involves challenges peculiar to the bilingual environment, which suggest a need for new strategies based on a crucial recognition of the difference between teaching literature and teaching language. The paper argues for a key pedagogical approach based on the teaching of literary aspects in ancient prose with the help of problem-based learning. This would also involve systematic classification in order to consolidate different strategies suited for different types of Classical Chinese Prose. These strategies include mind mapping, five thinking hats and so on.Through an approach of problem-based learning, one may motivate students to explore ancient articles more enthusiastically, foster their critical thinking and creative ability, thereby enhancing cognitive ability, and increasing their interest in learning ancient articles. Through the reading, understanding and analysis of subtle words, one may improve on students’ ability in literary appreciation, and prompt them to explore more sophisticated interpretation, thereby enhancing their cultivation in the humanities.</p>

ANTHROPOLOGICAL COMPREHENSION OF A WOMAN-AUTHOR AS THE SUBJECT OF CULTURE THROUGH THE PRISM OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE (GENDER ASPECT)

Purpose. To study the phenomenon of a woman-author as a subject of culture and philosophy from a development of literary aspect in the works both Western and Ukrainian scientists. To define the significance of the philosophical representation of the gender stereotypes to reconsider their place and role in the socio cultural discourse. Theoretical basis. To investigate the theoretical framework in the postmodern philosophy the cross-disciplinary approach is used. The comparative approach is methodologically important to clarify the problems concerning a woman-author as a subject of culture. It is underlined that the boundary line between literature and philosophy is movable, which coincides with the shapes of the human experience. Based on the conviction that gender has integrated into all social relations, that means it is a gender context of any social interaction, it is important to emphasize the productivity of a new scientific methodology of sociocultural constructing of gender. Originality. Is in systematic literary analysis of Ukrainian and Western women’s prose as specific philosophical phenomenon. It was proved that the investigation of women’s literature, its identity is an important focus of both philosophy and culture, which helps find philosophical problems in literary texts. Besides the analysis of gender implications in texts allows to start theoretical dialogue on gender problems, which means the participation in the discussion about the targets of our cultural life. Conclusions. It has been proved that literature of the ХХth-XXIst centuries is characterized by strengthening interaction between philosophical systems and literary works that reflects mainstreaming of intellectual and thinking bases. It was revealed that women’s philosophical and literary conceptions have created a unique woman’s world of being and an image of "a new woman", thus leading the way towards the new stereotypes based on comprehension that sex differences should not be determining factors both in cultural and social coexistence.

Narasi Tragis Dalam Manga : Sebuah Kajian Estetika Aristotelian Terhadap Komik 5 Centimeters per Second

Comics, or in Indonesian, are often referred to as cergam (cerita bergambar), later they have found urgency in the science of art and literature as sequential art, whose existence can be appreciated both in art and literature. This study will highlight literary aspects or ideoplastic aspects of 5 Centimeters per Second, especially in flow and character . The purpose of this study is to reveal or explain how the tragedy was revealed in 5 Centimeters per Second. In achieving these objectives, the theorization in this study was done deductively to answer the research questions. The theory used to explain the problem is the concept of Aristoteles's Tragedy, which relates to his work Poetics as a work of classical Greek philosophy. With an explanation of the flow and the order of comics that have advantages in two respects (visual and literary technical achievements), the results of this study are expected to be a consideration in making comics. The results of this study can be concluded that the manga is present by imitating objects, events, actions, and character in a moral category that is better than humans or the world in general. In addition, in this manga story, almost all the characters (or 'actors' in Aristoteles's terminology) are aware of how to act, they really know but don't do it, eventually sinking into a puddle of suffering. According to Aristoteles, a tragic story like this is the worst.

Aproximación filológica al epitafio en verso de Eugenia ( CLE , 1447), ¿un ejemplo para las viudas cristianas de Marsella?

The lid of a late antique sarcophagus has been preserved in Marseille, in the abbey of Saint-Victor, where it could already be seen in the 16th century. This lid is inscribed with a carmen epigraphicum, that consists of an accurate funerary eulogy of Eugenia, a woman who died at the age of 60. Up to this date, the literary aspects of this text have been neglected in view of the many archaeological and historical issues raised by the material object itself. Aiming to fill this gap, this paper offers a philological approach of the poem.

When is literal meaning inhibited? Evidence from nonsense in the metaphor-induced lexical forgetting paradigm.

A common feature of metaphoric language processing is a conflict between literal and figurative aspects of meaning. A consequence of this is the need to select the most appropriate meaning among competing associates when we encounter such phrases. The goal of the present experiments was to adapt the "impossible" retrieval approach of previous retrieval-induced and problem-solving-induced forgetting (RIF; PSIF) studies to test for the use of inhibitory mechanisms during metaphor comprehension. To achieve this goal, a series of 3 studies assessed forgetting following the processing of nonsense metaphors that were unlikely to lead to viable interpretations within a short period of time (Jealousy is a barn). In the first 2 experiments, processing nonsense metaphors led to reduced recall for previously studied literal associates. In a 3rd study, processing nonsense metaphors led to longer recognition latencies for literal associates on a cue-independent task. In contrast, no evidence of forgetting was seen because of the processing of familiar metaphors in any study. Because participants are unlikely to reach a viable interpretation of these nonsense metaphors, and because results were similar using recall and cue-independent recognition measures, these results provide novel support for an inhibitory account for this forgetting effect over a blocking or cue-based interference account. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Suicyde and Internet addiction - psychological perspective

The subject matter of the paper lies on the borderline of two important social problems i.e. Internet addiction and suicide. The problem of suicide is still treated as a social taboo in contemporary world. Those who have attempted to kill themselves as well as their families are discriminated and ill-treated by their immediate environment and driven into inferiority complex. Every so often the only option left to such people is the Internet that offers an attentive ear and consolation because the access to professional help in the real world may be limited in a given place and in a given moment. On the Internet one may talk and exchange information on any topic at any time of night and day. The Internet is a cheap and widely available platform offering websites, chat rooms, forums and support groups for people experiencing the same problems. It should be emphasized however, that there are dark corners on the Internet which should not be visited by wide audiences. Some online contents are just not well-adjusted to the development age of young Internet users. This paper is a discussion of a metaphoric and literal aspect of suicide on the Internet and a call for more scientific research, educational campaigns and psychoprophylaxis related to the subject matter of suicide and self-destruction. The author emphasizes the necessity to raise awareness to the issue of suicide which is still a social taboo and subject to social myths. Although many specialist facilities, associations and institutions are already involved in addressing the problem, the number of suicide attempts has not been reduced mainly because the activities undertaken are scattered and badly coordinated. The effects of these efforts are not satisfactory neither for theoreticians nor for practitioners.

현덕 소설의 교과서 정전화 양상과 문학교육적 의미 연구

현덕 소설의 교과서 정전화 양상과 문학교육적 의미 연구

THE TRANSLATION OF THE FICTION TEXT AND INTERPRETATION (LITERARY ASPECT)

The article is determined to study the translation of the fiction text and interpretation, their typology and differences have been enlightened as well. The literary aspect of the denoted notions has been outlined. The problems of reception and understanding of the fiction text as an important integral part of interpretation and translation are considered in the article.
 The problem of interpretation and translation attracts attention of modern literary scientists. The scientists consider interpretation as assimilating of high and aesthetic, semantic and emotional information of a fiction work that is fulfilled by creation of author’s vision and knowledge of reality.
 A translated work as an original text must influence the mind and feelings of readers. Ideas and images of the original a translator must move to the ground of another ethnoculture and language transmitting not only contents but a fiction form of the original work as well. Those translations that reproduce all elevated and aesthetic wealth of the original are recognized to be of high quality.

Machismo se inscribe con M de mujer: La parodia como gesto de autora en la obra de Fanny Buitrago

Estudiar a la escritora Fanny Buitrago desde una perspectiva feminista va más allá de indagar por su rol como mujer, implica analizar su presencia en las obras, esto es, considerar aspectos literarios y no sólo cuestiones de contenido. Para ello, se inicia con la revisión del concepto de autor. Posteriormente, se indaga por las formas literarias a las que recurre la autora para la estructuración de los relatos: el juego con los géneros atribuidos por tradición a las mujeres y su subversión paródica en la obra de esta autora. Finalmente, se realiza la comparación mediante el contraste entre las distintas construcciones del personaje femenino en sus textos. Todo ello con el fin de poder determinar las constantes en estos dos rasgos que permitan configurar un posible gesto de autora.

Творчество Арсения Несмелова в литературоведческом освещении: история и перспективы исследования

Творчество Арсения Несмелова в литературоведческом освещении: история и перспективы исследования

The Lure of Literature and Mysticism in Modern Jewish Thought

R&L 51.3-52.1 (Autumn 2019-Spring 2020) 243 THE LURE OF LITERATURE AND MYSTICISM IN MODERN JEWISH THOUGHT Cyril O’Regan Broken Tablets: Levinas, Derrida, and the Literary Afterlife of Religion Sarah Hammerschlag Columbia University Press, 2016. xxvi + 243 pp. $105.00 hardcover. Negative Theology as Jewish Modernity Edited by Michael Fagenblat Indiana University Press, 2017. viii + 380 pp. $40.00 paperback. Sarah Hammerschlag has written an elegant and substantive book in which she dramatizes the relation between Levinas and Derrida concerning their different articulations of Judaism and their different choices when it comes to religion and literature respectively. While she shows herself fully aware how key Derridean constructs such as “dissemination,” “difference,” “supplement” and even “trace” exceed their critical negotiation with Levinas , nonetheless, she is convinced that one grasps something fundamental about Derrida by considering his work as involved in something of a family romance with that of Levinas, at once intimate and subversive, loyal and unfaithful. And contrariwise, charting especially those decisions by Derrida that seem to correct and supplement Levinas throws into relief fundamental decisions Levinas made about religion, literature, and the relation. The book of five chapters divides rather neatly onto two chapters each on Levinas and Derrida with a concluding chapter offering a critical evaluation in Religion & Literature 244 which there is a fundamental option for Derrida’s brand of Judaism and his insistence that no discourse, even or especially the discourse of religion, can avoid the slippage of the literary elements of all discourse. The two chapters on Levinas are, admittedly, somewhat different in kind. Chapter one speaks in general to the relation-difference between Derrida and Levinas from the point of view of their fixed positions, whereas chapter two is more archeological in that it moves from the point of view of a Levinas who during World War II and afterwards seemed to be open to the value of literature as a possible site of transcendence to a mature Levinas who decides against literature and unilaterally supports the value of religion which, for him, turns out to be synonymous with Judaism. Despite their differences, each of the chapters makes a valuable contribution towards understanding Levinas and what is at stake in the fundamental decisions he made. Chapter one lays out the basic thesis of Broken Tablets with force and eloquence. Without denigrating a relationship that she views as a relationship of extraordinary hospitality—especially from the side of Derrida—even at this early stage of her book Hammerschlag wants to emphasize the different decisions Levinas and Derrida make when it comes to their understanding of the capacity of phenomenology to unveil transcendence and their sense of the status of religion and/or Judaism. In the case of the former, Derrida’s significant departure from Levinas is demonstrated essentially in and by his deflationary or profane understanding of the “trace,” and in the case of the latter, by a more ambiguous and ambivalent relation to self-ascription as a Jew, which issues in his case in a self-description as a heretical or Marrano Jew, thus a Jew who by definition is contaminated by Christian elements, and in Derrida’s specific case contaminated also by elements from Islam (2-4). In addition, where the mature Levinas will have definitely come to derogate literature, or at least the specifically literary aspects of literature such as its metaphors and tropes, Derrida will come to elevate them as articulating all discourses, the discourses of religion and philosophy every bit as much as literature as such (11). Hammerschlag is judicious in her summary that semiosis in Derrida will undercut the attempt in any discourse to mean (34). In contrast, chapter two speaks to the arc of Levinas’s engagement with literature from his dalliance in the World War II years and after to the vehement denunciation of literature that predated the publication of his first masterpiece, Totality and Infinity (1961). Hammerschlag’s genetic analysis of Levinas’s attitude towards literature is very much in the service of her overall argument: the early openness to literature and the possibility that there are multiple discursive sites for transcendence represent in Levinas’s case the roads not travelled. These are precisely...

Primer tomo de comedias. Volumen 1.3: Olimpa y Vireno, El señor don Juan de Austria, Los amantes de Teruel by Juan Pérez de Montalbán

Reviewed by: Primer tomo de comedias. Volumen 1.3: Olimpa y Vireno, El señor don Juan de Austria, Los amantes de Teruel by Juan Pérez de Montalbán Jonathan David Bradbury Juan Pérez de Montalbán. Primer tomo de comedias. Volumen 1.3: Olimpa y Vireno, El señor don Juan de Austria, Los amantes de Teruel. Edición de Marcella Trambaioli, Roberta Alviti y Teresa Ferrer Valls. edition reichenberger, 2017. 466 pp. this volume is the result of work conducted under the auspices of the Claudia Demattè-directed project Un dramaturgo madrileño recuperado: Juan Pérez de Montalbán; it is the third of four installments of critical editions of the twelve plays comprising Juan Pérez de Montalbán's Primer tomo de comedias of 1635, although this third volume contains, in fact, the final three plays of the original collection: Olimpa y Vireno, El señor don Juan de Austria, and Los amantes de Teruel, edited and introduced here, respectively, by Marcella Trambaioli, Roberta Alviti, and Teresa Ferrer Valls. The thematic and generic variety observable between these three comedias is emblematic of the diversity of the compositions in the Primer tomo as a whole, but the editors do a good job of adhering to a largely standard approach. Each of the plays garners a short introductory study of a similar sort, containing details of dating, sources, textual history, and reception, as well as a synopsis and analyses of the most salient literary aspects of the plays, including their metrical makeup. Additionally, each includes a critically established, definitive version of the text, with modernized orthography and punctuation and moderate annotations to clarify potential lexical difficulties and the most notable cultural and historical allusions. Each of the plays is followed by a list of textual variants, in which the admirable philological rigor of the volume is made explicit, and the book is concluded by an index to the footnotes and the combined bibliography referenced by the three editors. The first comedia of the volume, Olimpa y Vireno, which appears tenth in the original Primer tomo, has a likely date of composition of 1632–33, and Trambaioli alludes to a performance at court in the autumn of the latter year, [End Page 323] testament to the piece's affinity to current palace tastes. The basis of the play is the well-known story of Olimpia and Bireno from the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cantos of Ariosto's Orlando furioso, although Trambaioli notes an important divergence from the Italian source material: Pérez de Montalbán makes his countess Olimpa the agent of her own vengeance, and the editor also remarks in a number of the play's footnotes on likely echoes of El burlador de Sevilla in the characterization of Vireno. The brief précis of the comedia and its protagonists is followed by Trambaioli's summary of the play's textual history, which, in the absence of a manuscript copy, autograph or otherwise, takes into account the 1635, 1638, and 1652 editions of the Primer tomo, the unauthorized Parte veinte y nueve de diferentes autores (Valencia, 1636), and seven contemporary sueltas; in constructing the stemma that illustrates this part of her introduction, Trambaioli hypothesizes that the lost source text on which the Parte veinte y nueve and the stand-alone publications ultimately depend was the work of a memorión. From the "Tabla métrica" with which the introduction concludes, we see that of the three plays in this volume, Olimpa y Vireno is the most metrically varied, in terms of the number of verse forms employed as well as in reference to their frequency and distribution relative to one other. The text of the comedia generates a couple of hundred notes, most of them short and necessary, and a number of them provide useful cross-references to other parts of the play. As Trambaioli indicates, this comedia, while clearly popular in its own day, has languished in obscurity for three centuries, and we can hope that its reappearance here prompts further consideration of what is a fascinating work. El señor don Juan de Austria, the second play in this volume, treats the figure...

A LITERATURA DE PARENTESCO IDEOLÓGICO COM O NAZISMO.

Our contribution aims at a reflection on one of the literary aspects present in the context of the Weimar Republic and, specifically, the so-called Third Reich: the literature of ideological proximity with Nazism. For this, we chose the following works, which will be the object of analysis of the present study: Ernst Junger’s In Stahlgewittern (1920; Storm of Steel ), Ina Seidel’s Das Wunschkind (1930; The Wanted Child ), and Hans Grimm’s Volk ohne Raum (1926, Nation without Space . While Ernst Junger figures as a representative of writers who, out of the battlefields of World War I, apologized for war, the writer Ina Seidel presents an image of the woman “in the service of the nation”. In turn, Hans Grimm conveys with his work a vision not only colonialist, but also based on the notion of “living space” ( Lebensraum ), one of the dorsal columns of Nazi ideology. Although Junger, Seidel and Grimm were antagonists of Nazism, positioning themselves far or even critically against the regime, no doubt in discursive terms, their works helped pave the way for the rise of Nazism.

Funerary Epigrams of Ancient Greece: Reflections on Literature, Society and Religion by Marta González González

396 PHOENIX of style—have a different status in relation to the inconspicuous and often probably unconsciously used metaphors discussed by Lakoff and Johnson. The appendix on the semantics of Änyow and únyŽv (249–255) is indicative of the book’s methodological soundness: Brockliss argues on the basis of etymology as well as occurrences in Homeric epic that the root únyo/e- originally referred to “flowers” (rather than “surface” or “bursting forth” in general) and that the use of these terms consequently constitutes vegetal imagery. Yet the instances covered here all refer to actual flowers in the narrative, and this section also does not include and discuss metaphorical applications. Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitÈ at MÈ unchen Fabian Horn Funerary Epigrams of Ancient Greece: Reflections on Literature, Society and Religion. By Marta Gonz alez Gonz alez. London and New York: Bloomsbury. 2019. Pp. ix, 213, 11 figs. This monograph offers a fresh introduction to private funerary verse inscriptions from archaic and classical Greece, making Hansen’s corpus accessible to a wider public.1 The book consists of an introduction and eight chapters, with notes placed after the conclusion, followed by a bibliography and two indices (the first lists the 161 inscriptions quoted and gives a table of concordances between IG or GVI and CEG, while the second is a five-page general index). Chapter One offers a chronological survey of the typologies of funerary monuments. González follows Clairmont’s method of studying gravestone and epigram together, which suits the material perfectly.2 Chapter Two in turn deals with literary aspects of verse inscriptions. Here González’s analysis of the origin of the elegiac couplet not only omits the longest archaic epigrams, but also ignores some important studies on the subject;3 as a result one should not accept without question her observations on the alleged evolution of their length. González also posits a gap in private epigrams between 510 and 440 b.c. due to the preponderance of public monuments commemorating the Persian Wars. This conclusion, however, presupposes that all epigrams for fallen warriors are public and, vice versa, that all public epigrams are for fallen warriors. Yet in that period war seems to be the predominant subject even in private epigrams, while only four, all public, refer to the Persian Wars.4 1 P. A. Hansen, Carmina Epigraphica Graeca (2 vols.; Berlin and New York 1983–89). 2 C. W. Clairmont, Gravestone and Epigram: Greek Memorials from the Archaic and Classical Period (Mainz 1970). 3 Cf. SEG 41.540 (Ambrakia, 530–500 b.c.) and BÉ 2015, n. 306 (Thebes, 530–500 b.c.), respectively five and four elegiac couplets. Recently, another long epigram in distichs, SEG 64.851 (Kaulonia, 480–470 b.c.), was discovered. González does not quote A. Aloni and A. Iannucci, L’elegia greca e l’epigramma: dalle origini al V sec. Con un’appendice sul nuovo Archiloco (Florence 2007). For further bibliography, see M. Tentori Montalto, “Some Notes on Croesus’ Dedication to Amphiaraos at Thebes (BÉ, 2015, n. 306),” ZPE 204 (2017) 1–9, at 2, n. 7. 4 See M. Tentori Montalto, Essere primi per il valore: Gli epigrammi funerari greci su pietra per i caduti in guerra (VII–V sec. a.C.) (Pisa and Rome 2017) for the following epigrams: CEG 79, 107, 112, 114, 118, 142, 170, 637 = 118a (private epigrams); CEG 2, 3, 131 and SEG 56.430 (epigrams on the Persian Wars). GVI 33 may have been composed later. BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS 397 Chapter Three starts by considering two epigrams and their statues. While the connection between statue and base is certain in the case of Phrasikleia’s epigram (CEG 24), the same is not true for the epigram on Kroisos (CEG 27), and yet González accepts it as a given throughout the book.5 She compares Phrasikleia’s epigram with SEG 57.799 (Kos, late sixth century b.c.), which offers the oldest testimony for the expression “bride of Hades.” González prudently rejects the idea that Kroisos belongs to the Alcmaeonid family. Her characterization of the epigram for Kroisos as a “dialogue” with the passerby , is, however, inaccurate, since the latter does...

The Challenges of Adapting the Syntactic Constructions to the Translation of the Poems of Charles Baudelaire

The translation of poetry has always been a problem and is considered difficult, as it includes a number of language and extraneous factors that make it difficult. Our paper approaches to the translating process of the poetry volume “ The Flowers of Evil ” by Charles Baudelaire focusing on linguistic and syntactic literary translation. Studies done so far in Albania have focused mostly on the literary aspects of the poems, addressing its stylistic and artistic views. Thus, through this paper we thought to treat the language of the poems, concretely the syntactic challenges of their translation. This paper is conceived as a study of theoretical and practical character in the field of Translation Studies. Through translation theories and translation process strategies as well as grammar and syntax manuals, our study sheds light on the translation of Charles Baudelaire's " The Flowers of Evil " work by basing research and comparative analysis on the theories and views of theorists, researchers and syntaxists such as: Peter Newmark, Umberto Eco, Edmod Tupe, Émile Benveniste, André Lefevere, F. de Saussure etc. Keywords: Challenge, translation, poetry, syntax, comparative analysis etc. DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/52-07

The Dynamics of Rhetorical Performances in Late Antiquity by Alberto J. Quiroga Puertas

Thanks the extant corpora of Libanius, Themistius, Gregory of Nazianzus, Symmachus, Ambrose, and others, the fourth century c.e. is as rich a for the study of oratory as any that preceded it, but little attention has been paid the socio-historical or literary aspects of the performance of these orators' speeches (perhaps, then, due the comparative absence of contemporary dramatic texts, and any accompanying field of late antique theater studies). Furthermore, rather than primarily an attempt reconstruct the physical or visual aspects of actual performance (as scholarship on classical oratory has done before him), his aim is to explore what narrations of rhetorical performances from late antique sources can offer us in order improve our understanding of the issues relating cultural and religious debates of that time period (2). The picture might be rather different if more western, Latin material were brought bear (Symmachus, for example, for whom, like Libanius, we have ample speeches and letters); or account were taken of different situations of delivery (were the dynamics of performing a panegyric before the emperor the same as in local civic agones?); or a systematic study offered of performance-narrative in other genres, such as historiography or hagiography.

Teaching of Classical Chinese Prose under Bilingual Environment in Singapore

The teaching of classical Chinese prose in Singapore involves challenges peculiar to the bilingual environment, which suggest a need for new strategies based on a crucial recognition of the difference between teaching literature and teaching language. The paper argues for a key pedagogical approach based on the teaching of literary aspects in ancient prose with the help of problem-based learning. This would also involve systematic classification in order to consolidate different strategies suited for different types of Classical Chinese Prose. These strategies include mind mapping, five thinking hats and so on. Through an approach of problem-based learning,one may motivate students to explore ancient articlesmore enthusiastically, foster their criticalthinking and creative ability, thereby enhancingcognitive ability, and increasing their interest inlearning ancient articles. Through the reading,understanding and analysis of subtle words, onemay improve on students’ ability in literary appreciation,and prompt them to explore moresophisticated interpretation, thereby enhancingtheir cultivation in the humanities.