Literary Aspects Research Articles

Meta-pictorial discourse and the early theory of the novel in eighteenth-century Britain

The first half of the eighteenth century saw a tendency among early British novelists to frame their fictional narratives with theoretical deliberations that helped to situate their texts within the complex network of fictional taxonomies and conventions. Typically in the form of authorial prefaces, these commentaries were implicitly or explicitly intertextual, invoking other texts and authors by way of contrast and/or comparison. Given the unstable taxonomy at the time, referring to other literary projects proved a relatively efficient strategy of self-definition. If purely literary meta-discourse may be taken for granted, the peculiarity of a number of authorial commentaries in the eighteenth century was meta-pictorial content. This article traces the uses of two types of meta-pictorialism. The first type is metaphorical: the use of painterly vocabulary with reference to literary aspects. A mere rhetorical device at first glance, this type is also revealing of generic issues. The second type is meta-pictorial naming, that is, a meta-commentary using the name of a painter.

SOMEONE FIRST IN THE WORLD OF LOGIC-LOGISTICS

In the article, in contrast to those who consider only one of the two historical figures with identical functions and attribute the first mention of "Logistic" to the 9th-10th centuries. AD [1], the author, studying all the facts, claims that the formation of another personality (mantig-vizier), confirmed by historical documents, is more ancient and belongs to the 17-16 centuries. BC NS. [2]. Thus, based on the event, which is described in the holy books of the scriptures Torah, the Bible and the Koran and dated 1864-1754. "Interpretation of the Pharaoh's dream", and in the literary aspect, a more common work like "Yusuf and Zuleikha" [3], the author in the economic and technical aspect proves that the founder of the above identical functions - frugality, the art of calculation and logical thinking, is "Pharaoh - Prophet Yusuf" Keywords: logistic, logic, talent, security, reliable, guaranteed, stocking (purchase), distributes.

Kody kulturowe wykorzystywane w ukraińskiej sztuce zaangażowanej (na przykładzie prac A. Jermołenki i O. Komjachowa)

The socio-political experiences of recent years have contributed to the development of new trends in patriotic and engaged art in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze selected works of two popular Ukrainian graphic artists: Andriy Yermolenko and Oleksandr Komjakhov. The reproductions we use come from Mystets’kyy Barbakan. Trykutnyk 92. Antolohiya (Мистецький Барбакан. Трикутник 92. Антологія), pub-lished in 2015 in Kiev, as well as from the social media, in which the artists are very active. The presented analy-sis combines cultural and literary aspects. We show the interactions between the national symbols used and ref-erences to texts of culture important for Ukrainians, and at the same time the attempts to modernize them and a combine in a way that forces verification of the current way of thinking and reworking certain forms of cul-ture anew.

“Merely to See and Touch It”: On Service, McCrae, and Literary Tourism in Canada

Long dismissed as a “critical error” ( Booth 2016 ) and still capable of inciting “embarrassment palpable” ( Watson 2006 ) among scholars otherwise happy to emphasize the material contexts that inform the circulation of texts, literary tourism has recently become the focus of serious academic inquiry. Recent work has begun to disaggregate the various forms of literary tourist sites ( Fawcett and Cormack 2001 ), but continues to have a methodological gap surrounding the specifically literary aspects of the practice itself, and—with the notable exception of Green Gables (Squire 1992; Devereux 2001 )—has left Canada predictably unexamined. This essay begins with a brief introduction to literary tourism in Canada before moving into a comparative analysis of two National Historic Sites associated with Canadian literary authors: the Robert Service cabin in Dawson City, Yukon, and the John McCrae House in Guelph, Ontario. The sites offer a compelling comparison as the former homes of two of the best-known Canadian poets of the early twentieth century whose works have become popularly synonymous with two of Canada’s most heavily mythologized eras. The enduring popularity of poems like “The Cremation of Sam McGee” reflect not only Service’s central role in mythologizing Canada’s north but also a strategic “cultural commoditization” of the area’s gold rush heritage ( Jarvenpa 1994 ; Grace 2001 ), while McCrae’s “In Flanders Fields” retains its status not only as the “most popular poem” of the First World War in Canada and beyond ( Fussell 2000 ), but also as a primary example of the ideological function of Great War literature within Canada ( Holmes 2005 ; Gordon 2014 ). Although the two author houses may initially appear a study in contrasts, I draw on recent work in literary tourist studies to argue they are linked in their function as “materialized fictions” ( Hendrix 2008 ), or concrete interpretative frames that aim to offer tangible evidence of the Canadian myths their former inhabitants helped to fashion.

Literasi Masyarakat dan Pengentasan Buta Aksara: Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Merealisasikan SDGs Quality Education di Kabupaten Sumenep

The alleviation of illiteracy in Indonesia has been performed by the central government through the district government policy. In this study will be performed a research about the alleviation of illiteracy in Sumenep district by using paradigm of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) in quality educational aspect and skill life education. This research uses descriptive-qualitative method in collecting and analyzing the data about the alleviation of illiteracy policy that is applied by government in Sumenep district. The Sumenep district government policy becomes a basic part in advancing the society, includes the policy in education aspect. One of the Sumenep district’s policies in education aspect includes an initiation in convincing the society through the alleviation of illiteracy for poor people. This research gets a conclusion that alleviation of illiteracy was performed by Sumenep district government in order the people get the quality education for their development in literary aspect (reading and writing) and to support their future that is faced to the technology world more advanced and more advanced, this becomes an indicator of prevailed policy.

Investigating the Hyper Textual Factors of Omission in the Quran and It’s Effect on the Interpretive Opinions of Commentator

The method of brevity or linguistic economics is one of the most frequent literary aspects in the verses of the Quran; According to which part of speech is deleted without harming the meaning; Of course, omission has various aspects, and recognizing the deleted part of speech requires reflection on the context and style of speech. This feature, along with its widespread use in the Quran, has raised the question of what factors have led the commentators of the Quran to speak in various ways to justify the omission of verses. Studies indicate that the factors influencing the idea of exclusion in the view of commentators should be sought inside or outside the text of the Quran. This study, however, intends to explain some of the extra-textual factors affecting the view of the commentators of the Quran, in accepting or denying the omission in the verses and determining the deleted part of the word by presenting examples of the Quran in three theological, historical and jurisprudential fields.

Anti-transcendentalism and dark romanticism in Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death"

This review seeks to analyse the short story “The Masque of the Red Death”, by Edgar Allan Poe, and to study its connection to the anti-transcendentalist and dark romantic movements. Through an examination of the literary aspects contained in the story, this work aims to inspect Poe's writing style, notedly marked by a bold approach of the themes of death, mourning and decay, and to compare his aesthetic decisions - such as the strong symbolic streak, the reliance on colour and architecture and the artistic depiction of death - to the chief tenets that influenced anti-transcendentalist writers over the 19th century.

The Conflict of Recalling Traumatic Memories in Mariette Kalinowski's "The Train"

Traumatic experiences are characterized by its prelinguistic tendency. War fiction, however, refutes this statement when it reflects on the components of war so as to bear witness to its overwhelming nature as well as its ambiguous realities. Recalling the traumatic wounds of war, in this regard, is a testimonial avenue grounded on the desires of its narrators to be transformed from the confined scope of individuality into a more collective one. Written on the background of 2003 Iraq War, Mariette Kalinowski's "The Train" represents war's aftermath and the difficulty soldiers faced in adhering to ordinary life after being home. The conflict is a psychological one; it is shaped within the consciousness of a female soldier whose traumatized memory struggles against the ghost of past that haunts present. The study argues that Mariette Kalinowski's "The Train” follows the traumatized consciousness of an American veteran whose narrative line is marked by fragmentation, nonlinear plot, and the fluctuation between the past and the present. It also argues that the story itself is a testimonial narrative that aims at recordings individual suffering and thus placing it within a collective framework that motivates solidarity among wounded victims. The study relies on the psychological and literary aspects of trauma theory. It significantly draws on Cathy Caruth's Unclaimed Experiences, Ann Whitehead Trauma Fiction, Shoshana Felman's Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History, and other theorists in the field of trauma theory.

Title Museality as a Trend in the World Literature of the Last Fifty Years

The aim of this study is to define the concept of the title museality, the selection and analysis of relevant works of the world literature both separately and as a unified group of narratives, and determining the existence of a separate literary trend. Research methodology. The author uses analysis, synthesis, abstraction, concretization and generalization of scientific sources and literary texts with features of title museality. Results. The main characteristic evidence of the concept of “title museality” is determined and a group of literary narratives is identified. These features correspond to: “The Heritage” by Siegfried Lenz (Germany), “Outside the Dog Museum” by Jonathan Carroll (USA), “The Night at the Museum” by Milan Trenc (Croatia), “Behind the Scenes at the Museum” by Kate Atkinson (Great Britain), “The Museum of Innocence” by Orhan Pamuk (Turkey), “The Museum of Abandoned Secrets” by Oksana Zabuzhko (Ukraine) and “Museum of Thieves” by Lian Tanner (Australia). We considered and analyzed the museological features of each of these texts of the novel form, belonging to the seven national literatures of the world. The general and distinctive features of the considered works are revealed and their museological properties are established as a unified group of narratives. It is argued that the title museality is a trend in world literature of the last fifty years and this trend is steadily growing. Novelty. An attempt is made to formulate a new museal­literary concept, to highlight and analyze the relevant literary works as a unified group of narratives and identify a certain trend in world literature. The practical significance. The key results of this study can be used for further research of other literary works with signs of the title museum that is reviewed, and also other national literatures of the world. They also can be used in studying of museological aspects of the literary studies or literary aspects of the museology.

Yuan-Ming Sanqu Songs as Communal Texts: Discovering Their Literary Vitality from a New Research Perspective

Abstract When examining songs in Chinese literature, we can distinguish among literary, musical, and communal aspects of their circulation. Sanqu songs became popular in the form of musical texts in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, but the ci song lyrics, by the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) if not earlier, had already become a form of communal text in a broad sense. While relying on musical and literary aspects in the early stages of circulation, such ci song lyrics also became increasingly meaningful as social artifacts characterized by diverse forms of usage and participation, and they have been widely appreciated as a “literary-cultural phenomenon” unrelated to music per se. Standard histories of Chinese literature typically interpret the interaction between Song dynasty ci song lyrics and Yuan dynasty sanqu songs and song-drama as a natural evolution of literary forms. To be sure, these histories address the vitality of the musicality and popular nature of such songs while also paying attention to the artistic styles, inherent characters, and originality of sanqu song composition (tige xingfen 體格性分). From such an analysis, however, we know very little about the textual forms and mechanisms of transmission of Yuan-Ming sanqu songs beyond the realm of music and songwriters. In this regard, this article explores whether it was possible for the ci song lyrics, as a literary genre of greater maturity and higher status, albeit divorced from music, to transfer its literary experience to sanqu songs. Such a line of inquiry is also relevant to the study of the survival of various forms of Chinese musical literature beyond their original environments. It also helps us think about the complex relationships between the musical and communal functions of ci song lyrics and sanqu songs.

Identities of Composite literary tradition during the Sultanate of Delhi: A study of Amir Khusrau and Kabir in the making of Indian heritage

The history of Medieval India had long been interpreted on two grounds basically, - the age of destruction of Indian civilization by the central Asian invaders; and the growth of composite culture. But the above terms reflect contradictory sense because if the advent of foreigners fully eliminated India’s glorious past then how could there be an amelioration of cultural assimilation during our period of study. In this regard, communalist modern scholars of this period can be held responsible, who sought to disseminate unscientific viewpoints on both Hindu and Muslim superiority, or at best with a so-called notion of “community crisis”. In fact, it is not even so hard to identify the biasness of Marxist scholars who set up a dominance in medieval Indian history writing by excluding many impartial treatments. However, as a chief offshoot of this composite tradition the mystic literary practice had thrived out of Bhakti and Sufi movement, which imparted the idea of love and devotion for God, simultaneously emphasized the harmonious social relationship through the spiritual promulgation of human relationship with extra-mundane world. This paper has attempted to describe the literary aspects of Delhi Sultanate period, by which the composite cultural scenario can be discernible in the making of Indian heritage, and tried to evaluate several subsided corners of this subject. As a part of my discussion, therefore, I have decided to provide a critical analysis about the two most prominent mystic authors of this age- Amir Khusrau and Kabir.

A Narrativist Revival?

Abstract Up till the 1980s narrativist philosophers of history were mainly interested in the cognitivist dimension of historical narrative. With Hayden White this interest was exchanged for an exclusive preoccupation with the literary aspects of the historian’s narrative representation of the past. However, it may seem that a revival of pre-Whitean narrativist philosophy of history is at hand. Two recent books suggest as much: one by Chiel van den Akker published in 2018 and one more by Paul Roth that came out in 2020. Obviously, a narrativist revival can take two different forms. It may aim at providing pre-Whitean narrativism with a more up-to-date philosophical basis or at guiding it into new directions. It will be argued in this review-essay that the book by Roth mainly does the former, whereas the book by Van den Akker does both.

Myth written in stone. The submerged monument in the kinneret sea in the light of the ugaritic myth of aqhat

ABSTRACT The literary corpus found in Ugarit/Ras Shamra includes some 1500 administrative and religious texts found so far. One of the most famous texts is the myth of Aqhat, who was murdered by an assassin, and whose death was avenged by his family. Many literary and grammatical aspects of this text have been widely discussed during the last decades. They mostly treat it as a purely fictional story, which may not be studied in a real historical or geographical context. However, the mythological motives and imaginary stories of gods and heroes were created by real people, who lived in the real world. They grew up and lived in a physical landscape which must have had a profound influence on their personality and perception of the surrounding world, and it should not surprise us to find traces of this landscape in the mythology. We try to explain these discrepancies and propose the general historical and cultural background for this story and the way the Aqhat myth has roots in landscape of the Lower Galilee and Sea of Galilee.

ORIGIN OF THE TERM "SATIRE" IN FICTION

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the history of the origin of the term satire types of satire, definitions of the term satire in encyclopedias and scientific dictionaries. Representatives of satire in Russian, English and Uzbek literature are also mentioned. The article also includes opinions of famous scholars on satire, as well as their translation into Uzbek. The genre of satire has evolved since ancient times and covered almost all types of fiction. The satirist writers exposed the social events of the period in which they lived with humor and satire. They put the final conclusion on their works to readers themselves. Satirical works delight readers, they are immortal. In ancient Roman literature, Quintus Horace Flaccus, Detsim Junior Juvenile, Menippus Gadarsky elevated satire, while in English literature Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, in American literature Mark Twain left a deep imprint in the hearts of readers with their works. In Russian literature, the works of Nikolai Gogol, Mikhail Saltikov-Shchedrin, Mikhail Zoshchenko further flourished the genre of satire. In Uzbek literature, the first examples of satire appeared in folklore, and later flourished in written literature. In the genre of satire, our ancestors Alisher Navoi, Turdi, Makhmur, Gulkhani, Haziq, Muqimi, Zavkiy created. Hamza Hakimzoda Niyazi, Abdulla Kodiri, Ghazi Yunus, Sofizoda, Gafrur Gulam, Abdulla Kahhor, Said Ahmad, Nemat Aminov, Sadulla Siyoev also contributed the further development of satire. The purpose of the article is to analyze the status of satire as a genre, the system of artistic interpretation of satirical works, the specific artistic expression of the moral and philosophical worldview and the stages of formation and development of this genre, its dynamics and its new forms, comparative-historical, comparative-typological analysis. Theoretical methods were used: comparative analysis, synthesis, comparative induction, deduction, and comparative-historical analysis. In results the genesis of the satire genre, the historical, theoretical and poetic foundations of the satire genre and the stages of its formation were established. The most common types of satire were analyzed. Conclusion 1. The folklore roots of satire and the peculiarities of satirical images in oral folklore have been identified. 2. The problem of the genesis of the genre of satire was considered on the basis of world artistic-philosophical, socio-cultural thinking. 3. The problem of the genre of satire is covered in the comparative literary aspect. 4. The peculiarities of the classification and types of the genre of satire were determined.

La globalización y su influencia en el quehacer literario mexicano del siglo XXI

Objetivo: analizar cómo han incidido los procesos globalizadores en la producción y recepción de la narrativa mexicana, sobre todo en la obra generada por dos generaciones de creadoras y creadores literarios: los nacidos durante los años sesenta y setenta del siglo pasado.Diseño metodológico: abordaje multidisciplinar que se fundamentó en la recuperación y análisis de datos relativos a la conceptualización de la globalización como fenómeno cultural y económico, el estado de la cuestión de las industrias editoriales y el consumo literario, así como de información proveniente de la lectura de obra de autoras y autores recientes y consulta de lo analizado por crítica literaria especializada respecto a este último punto.Resultados: se proponen líneas de estudio multidisciplinares que permitan un mejor trabajo en los ámbitos de educación, investigación, crítica, promoción y producción de obra literaria en México.Limitaciones de la investigación: al tratarse de un problema complejo y multifactorial, se aborda la problemática desde algunas de sus vertientes más visibles y mejor documentadas.Hallazgos: se propone realizar una revisión respecto al modo como se realizan estudios literarios en México, ya que regularmente se le aborda sin realizar entrecruces entre lo intraliterario y lo extraliterario.

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

Ludic Adaptation: Can We Babyfy, Chibify, Bambify, or Cherubify a Literary Text for Younger Audiences?

Studies on adaptation for younger audiences tend to mull over around the film adaptation of children classics. Adaptation of textual, visual, and operative elements for younger audiences in the context of literary texts with ergodicity like apps, comics, animation films, and games is understudied. This case study based descriptive qualitative study aims at exploring and investigating the phenomenon and how this adaptation is exercised. This study employs Siddharthan’s text simplification, Genette’s hypertextuality, Nikolajeva’s Barthesian proairetic decoding for younger audiences, and Huizinga’s play-function and play-mood to address the language aspects of ludic adaptation, Aarseth’s ergodic literature and Sander’s adaptation to address the literary aspects, and Rajewsky’s intermediality to address the medial aspects. Drawing upon the theories and employing Spradleyan analysis, we argue that adaptation for younger audiences is best termed ludic adaptation, an adaptation aimed at establishing a playful communication involving textual, visual, and operative adjustments for younger audiences through transmodalization, transstylization, and transformation of the source texts. In adapting the apps, comics, animation films, and games into their simplified versions, the adapters employ what we call as babyfication, chibification, bambification, and cherubification. Scholars of language and literary studies might apply ludic adaptation to reveal how adaptation for younger audiences is carried out. App, comic, animation film, and game adaptation practitioners might employ ludic adaptation as a guideline in their process of adapting these literary texts.

The Reception of The Arabian Nights in World Literature

Through the last three centuries, The Arabian Nights has contributed to various literary styles in the field of the oriental tale. Being so, The Arabian Nights has been a subject of utilization, reversal, reformulation, parody, pastiche, and adaptation for many writers. In this paper, my focus will be on the direct and indirect influence of The Arabian Nights on diverse literary genres. Therefore, the study deals with the influence of The Arabian Nights on in world literature. It is literature review on a theoretical introduction of the importance of The Arabian Nights in world literature. It emphasizes its transformation into literary genres, namely, poetry, drama, novel, and the short story. It will also show some comparative critical theories on The Arabian Nights , especially concerning the oriental tale, narration techniques, and the socio-political continuum. Therefore, it introduces the outstanding literary aspects of The Arabian Nights which inspired different literary genres of different cultural backgrounds. Apparently, a number of poets, playwrights, and novelists pay indebtedness to the forms as well as the thematic styles of The Arabian Nights .

Legitimising the Khan: Rashid al-Din’s Ideological Project from a Literary Aspect

ABSTRACT The world history of Rashid al-Din, known as Jamiʿ al-Tavarikh, was written in the fourteenth century primarily to record the history of Chingizid dynasty. However, the book turned out to be one of the most significant projects of the Ilkhanid era such that even now, after six centuries still enthrals its readers. This article attempts to show how Rashid al-Din sought to legitimise the Ilkhanids by applying literary devices, in particular poetry. The article also discusses the importance of poetry as a form of demonstration of power.

Clubes de lectura virtuales en España

Este artículo analiza los clubes de lectura virtuales en funcionamiento en España en 2019. Se pretende obtener una imagen de estos clubes virtuales a través del estudio de su funcionamiento, plataformas tecnológicas utilizadas, normas de uso y, con mayor detalle, el examen de sus participantes: perfil sociodemográfico, motivaciones, experiencias y valoraciones. Para ello se estableció, previamente, un estado de la cuestión actualizado de estudios y experiencias de clubes de este tipo. Seguidamente, se contactaron las redes de bibliotecas públicas españolas, así como universitarias, hasta un total de 103 instituciones, para identificar las iniciativas existentes en el territorio español. Esto permitió identificar 24 clubes de lectura virtuales que fueron encuestados para alcanzar los objetivos planteados. Las conclusiones arrojan luz sobre estas actividades de animación lectora: normas de funcionamiento diversas, plataformas dispares, pero con un perfil de usuario homogéneo, y una valoración positiva de sus participantes. Estas conclusiones, bajo la forma de buenas prácticas, pueden ser de ayuda para las instituciones en el diseño y la reorientación de clubes de lectura virtuales, así como la necesidad puntual —o sostenida, con la llegada de la COVID-19, de transformar los clubes presenciales en virtuales.