Linguocultural Community Research Articles

АВСТРІАЦИЗМИ У МОВІ СУЧАСНОЇ АВСТРІЙСЬКОЇ ПРЕСИ


 
 
 
 The proposed study is aimed at confirming the hypothesis that there exist two opposing trends in media discourse. On the one hand, there is a tendency to globalization; on the other hand, linguocultural communities are quite determined to preserve their culture and identity. To prove this hypothesis we analyzed a corpus of newspaper texts published over several years. Namely, we studied 1483 Austriacisms recorded by the dictionary Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen. The objective was to discover the frequency in the use of certain Austriacisms and their Teutonic equivalents in Austrian newspaper Die Presse to identify convergent or divergent processes in the development trends of the German language in Austrian media discourse. The research showed that only 453 lexical units dominated in newspaper articles; it made 30% of 1483 codified Austriacisms. We found that 71 lexemes showed tendency to the parallel use in forms of Austriacisms and Teutonisms which makes less than 5 % of the total number of the lexical units. Such terms have predominantly similar pronunciation hence we can draw a conclusion that such phonemic similarity facilitates equal use of these Austriacisms and Teutonisms in newspapers and stipulates their convergence. These lexical units are not marked by any particular ethnocultural specificity. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the word stock denoting Austrian culture, traditions, and realia of daily life.
 
 
 

КУЛЬТУРНЫЙ СМЫСЛ СВАДЕБНОГО ОБРЯДА И ЕГО ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ В ЯЗЫКАХ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ КОНЦЕПТА ВОЛОС В РУССКОМ, КАЗАХСКОМ И АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ)

The article is devoted to studying and analysing the verbalized concept ВОЛОС/ШАШ/HAIR in the Russian, Kazakh and English languages. The linguo-culturological study focuses on the problems of implicit cultural meanings imprinted in wedding rituals, rites, traditions and superstitions. Examining the content of the concept ВОЛОС/ШАШ/HAIR the author identifies its cultural meanings and concludes about the unique national and cultural features of the three linguo-cultural communities and about universal principles of these peoples’ naive worldviews.

Knowledge and Linguistic Creativity Interaction in the Media Discourse

The problem of linguistic knowledge and knowledge of the world correlation as applied to linguistic creativity is closely connected with the creative potential of language. Linguistic creativity manifests itself at various levels of linguistic expression and finds its representation in the sphere of meaning transformations. Linguistic meaning can also be regarded as a cultural information container and knowledge of the world carrier, which is particularly important in terms of linguistic and conceptual meaning correlation, which concerns with understanding and interpretation, as well as the process of world view formation.
 
 Linguistic creativity can be regarded primarily as the activity of creating new meaning in order to produce a certain stylistic or rhetorical effect to achieve communicative pragmatic purpose in the course of information transfer.
 
 The Mass Media discourse presented by the written media texts is characterized by the process of interrelation of the informative function of language with the functions of impact and persuasion, and deals with purposeful cognitive activities that include attitudes, motives, evaluations, etc. It is considered to be the area of the target audience political and ideological preferences manipulation, that comprises various linguistic phenomena, characterized by the ability to express evaluative and persuasive meanings. Sobriquet nominations used in the Media discourse play an important role in the process of evaluation and world view formation, as it reflects the peculiar characteristics of the object of nomination, significant for the linguocultural community in question in a certain period of time.

Семиотический взгляд на кросскультурное пространство

This article is devoted to emotive speech-behavior codes in cross-cultural sphere. The typology of emotive marks is presented as emotive-images, emotive-indices and emotive- symbols. Universal emotive codes for various linguocultural communities are identified

Українська сміхова культура: лінгвокультурологічний аспект

The Article is about the influence of social and cultural transformations of Ukrainian society to Ukrainian risorial culture and role of jokes in modern communicative space. It analyses anecdote as the cultural phenomenon and the most popular sample of Ukrainian risorial traditions in Linguistic and Culture Aspect. In such perspective the question is examined first. The article analyses precedent text, i.e. the text familiar to certain community and containing general-linguistic information that testifies the presence of precedent situations as a method of the text actualization. The precedent situation is based on common social and cultural or linguistic background knowledge of addressee and addresser. The authors represent Cultural concept reflecting in linguistic consciousness as a multidimensional, ramified network of knowledge and senses denoted by lexical units. Consept "godfather" in Ukrainian national-language picture and its transformation in Ukrainian anecdote, where it acquires new con- notation of judgement, emotionality, expressivity, stylistic nuances resulting in risorial, comic effect is examined. The Article contains modern Ukrainian anecdotes about godfathers to illustrate basic article theses. Performing a number of functions, including the function of combating evil, fear, the destruction of the usual way of life, the function of protection against psychological threats and the function of bringing people together, facilitating life and communication, laughter emerges as an important tool for maintaining the mental health of both individuals and society in as a whole. In the presence of a large number of folklore and literary samples of Ukrainian laughter culture in linguocultural studies, a complete system of concepts has not developed as an understanding of the world by a certain linguocultural community, which is fixed in the conceptual sphere of the people. In this perspective, the issue is considered for the first time.

Лінгвокультурна компетентність фахівця в умовах глобалізації як сучасна педагогічна проблема: зміст та структура поняття

The article deals with the analysis of the content and structure of linguo-cultural competence of a personality in the context of the formation of this phenomenon in the educational process of higher educational establishments of Ukraine and China in conditions of globalization. The object of the research is linguistic culture and linguo-cultural competence. Analyzing these two notions the author arrives at the conclusion that without awareness and acquisition of linguistic culture the linguo-cultural competence cannot be formed as well as without the formation of the linguo-cultural competence it is impossible to master the linguistic culture. The author analyzes the linguo-cultural competence of future specialists as an integral quality of a personality which reflects his readiness and ability mutual understanding and interaction with the representatives of another linguo-cultural society on the basis of acquiring knowledge about a different linguo-culture and socio-regulatory communicative experience with the aim of their realization in various spheres of professional activity. According to the author, the structure of the linguo-cultural competence as a phenomenon of consciousness includes the following two components: the intra-cultural competence which consists of the knowledge of standards, rules and traditions of the domestic linguo-cultural community, and the inter-cultural competence which is represented by the knowledge of general linguo-cultural norms, rules and traditions of different linguo-cultural societies.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ И АСПЕКТЫ ЛИЧНОСТНОЙ И ОБЩЕКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОНТРАСТНОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ АДАПТАЦИИ АНГЛИЦИЗМОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article researches the basic mechanisms of the process of the English loanwords adaptation in the target Russian linguoculture. As a part of the loanwords analysis with the use of the analytical apparatus of the philological phenomenological hermeneutics, the specificity of identifying the cultural overtones of meaning has been described within the complex interaction of the counter-directed vectors of the socio-cultural codes of the source language and the target language. The phenomenon of verbal context ambiguity is analyzed that accompanies the perception of the general linguocultural meaning of loanwords by the representatives of the target linguocultural community.

The conceptual model of the artificial linguistic educational environment for achieving oral communication skills in a second foreign language

The process of studying a foreign language in Russian higher education institutions is carried out in a specially organized linguo-didactic language environment which is understood as a methodological framework designed in accordance with the peculiarities of a linguo-cultural community. It is aimed at combining learning methods and techniques to implement them into pedagogical practice, ensuring the level-by-level development of students’ language skills and complying with the international standards of language proficiency. The necessary modern basis for a linguo-didactic language environment is the use of Information and Communications Technology, which makes it possible to access the world of native speakers. The linguo-didacticlanguage environment creates socio-cultural communication patterns, provides an opportunity to become familiar with a different communication behavior, ensures students’ participation in real communication expanding the boundaries of language learning situations and enriching their communication experience. The attributes of the language environment include audiovisual materials, speaking practice, spoken and written language as well as cultural background knowledge and different learning components. The subjective attributes of the language environment include students’ cognitive activity, motivation and individual learning abilities. The conceptual model is aimed at teaching oral communication in a second foreign language in an artificial language environment which is based on the analysis and description of a current situation in the field of teaching a second foreign language at Russian universities, on perceiving a language situation as a basic education unit; on choosing the model of cross-cultural communication; on selecting the components of a natural language environment which have teaching potential and comply with the learning aims; on defining the learning methods; on creating the model of the designed environment.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ МАНИПУЛЯЦИИ В КОММУНИКАТИВНОМ ПОВЕДЕНИИ НЕМЦЕВ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННОГО НЕМЕЦКОГО КИНЕМАТОГРАФА)

The article examines the phenomenon of linguistic manipulation in the modern scientific world, identifies the certain features characterizing linguistic manipulation in the Germans’ interpersonal communication. Relying on the peculiarities of the communicative behaviour of the German linguo-cultural community the authors try to identify the communicative means of expressing manipulation in the German linguo-culture. In general, the paper analyses three language levels: grammatical, lexical and phonetic. The German comedy movies of 2017-2018 served as the research material.

Response Words of Evaluation in Modern English: Functional Aspect

The article focuses on investigating the categorial features of the units belonging to functional-semantic class of response words of evaluation that express positive and negative axiological categories in Modern English. The linguistic status of response words is defined. Response words are viewed in the article as the units of communication which form the reaction to the words of the interlocutor or the situation itself. They comprise one-word or above-word ones which express agreement or disagreement with the communicant’s point of view and the variety of positive and negative emotions such as joy, delight, contempt, despair. The article deals with the structure of the functional field of the response words, the nucleus of which is comprised by interjections. The specific character of interjections is the ability to perform an expressive function and serve for the direct manifestation of feelings and volitional intentions. The modal-evaluative response words adjacent to the nucleus of the functional field are taken into account. Above-word response words as peripheral structures of the field are described. Response words with the sentence structure occupying the extreme periphery of the field are investigated. Idiomatic response words and non- idiomatic response words as the constituents of idiomatic and non-idiomatic zones of the functional-semantic field are specified. The further perspective of the research lies in determining the cognitive-pragmatic characteristics of axiological units. Linguo-cultural and ethnolinguistic peculiarities of axiological nominations may be identified. The changes of stereotypes in the English-speaking linguo-cultural community may be singled out.

Axiological Vectors in the American and Russian Presidental Discourse: The State of the Union Address and the Address to the Russian Federal Assembly Compared

Presidential discourse is an indicative of axiological and other developmental vectors of a linguocultural community. It informs one about the main social, cultural, economic, and political changes in a country. In this respect, the annual State of the Union Address in the USA and the Address to the Federal Assembly in Russia are seen as the highlights of the political calendar in both countries, as these statements summarise the most relevant issues and enable their respective leaders to elaborate on their vision of their nation’s future. This paper aims to analise and compare the axiological vectors developed in the given presidential addresses in both Russia and the USA in the period from 2009 to 2015. It traces not only the most relevant values promoted by the political leaders, but also any axiological changes that occurred in the eventful years under investigation. The results of the research inform one about the current axiological identities of the linguocultural communities in question and the changing vectors of their development.

Twitter and Middle East respiratory syndrome, South Korea, 2015: A multi-lingual study.

BackgroundDifferent linguo-cultural communities might react to an outbreak differently. The 2015 South Korean MERS outbreak presented an opportunity for us to compare tweets responding to the same outbreak in different languages.MethodsWe obtained a 1% sample through Twitter streaming application programming interface from June 1 to 30, 2015. We identified MERS-related tweets with keywords such as ‘MERS’ and its translation in five different languages. We translated non-English tweets into English for statistical comparison.ResultsWe retrieved MERS-related Twitter data in five languages: Korean (N = 21,823), English (N = 4024), Thai (N = 2084), Japanese (N = 1334) and Indonesian (N = 1256). Categories of randomly selected user profiles (p < 0.001) and the top 30 sources of retweets (p < 0.001) differed between the five language corpora. Among the randomly selected user profiles, K-pop fans ranged from 4% in the Korean corpus to 70% in the Thai corpus; media ranged from 0% (Thai) to 14% (Indonesian); political advocates ranged from 0% (Thai) to 19% (Japanese); medical professionals ranged from 0% (Thai) to 7% (English). Among the top 30 sources of retweets for each corpus (150 in total), 70 (46.7%) were media; 29 (19.3%) were K-pop fans; 7 (4.7%) were political; 9 (6%) were medical; and 35 (23.3%) were categorized as ‘Others’. We performed chi-square feature selection and identified the top 20 keywords that were most unique to each corpus.ConclusionDifferent linguo-cultural communities exist on Twitter and they might react to the same outbreak differently. Understanding audiences' unique Twitter cultures will allow public health agencies to develop appropriate Twitter health communication strategies.

GONE WITH THE WIND, OR THE OBSOLETE WORDS IN MODERN SPANISH

The article examines linguistic fashions in modern Spanish that determine the increase of the use of some words and condemn others to oblivion, dismissing them of the current language. One of the main causes leading to the fact that the word falls into disuse, is attributed to the political, economic, ideological, scientif-ic-technical, social and cultural changes experienced by the society. As soon as the reality is transformed, the active vocabulary is modified: some words die, others, many other, are born. However, we must not forget that the words constitute people like a linguocultural community. That’s why we must be conscious that the forgotten words represent a common knowledge, giving the assurance that dif-ferent generations share the same values and the same rules. The best recipe to save the words that are out of fashion is to insist on its use, introducing them in everyday speech

Using Peculiarities Of The Word “Greetings” In Kazakh, Russian And English Languages

The paper is discussed about the similarities and differences of forms of greetings in three languages, such as Kazakh, Russian and English languages. There are various forms of greetings in three languages, the form of greetings can have some dialectal characteristics that are probably related to the historical and geographical division of nations. Also it is about the connection between the history and culture of the Kazakh people and language forms, which were formed as a result of a long historical development of the Kazakh linguocultural community. However, recent decades are characterized as the rapid development of communication links, changes in living conditions, the expansion of the information boundaries, the destruction of the tribal way of life, which could not affect at the linguistic forms.

Рабочая этика сквозь призму американской и британской лингвокультур: культурно-ценностные доминанты

The article throws light on the peculiarities language consciousness functions and the way it reflects values of a certain linguocultural community. In particular, the article reveals the specificity of the verbalization of work ethics in American and British linguocultures. The language material testifies to deeply rooted discrepancies in the evaluative worldview of the cultures under study. If American culture considers work ethics as an indispensable part of a person’s life, the attitude to work in British culture is more complicated and ambiguous.

Description of Linguocultural Concept of “Education” in German and Russian Linguistic Consciousness

The article presents the results of a comparative linguocultural and linguocognitive analysis for the purpose of characterizing national and cultural characteristics of the concept of “Education” in the German and Russian linguocultural communities and making a reconstruction of the mentioned concepts with a reference to modern scientific and journalistic texts, lexicographic definitions, survey data, as well as wide historical context. It gives lexica-semantic characteristic of basic concepts in synchronism and diachrony. At the same time this work presents the picture of changes in the structures if basic concepts at different historical periods: the Age of the Enlightenment, epoch of German Empire, epoch of Peter the Great and Russian post revolution time. Basing on lexicographic analysis and discourse analysis we define some basic conceptual characteristics of the phenomenon of “Education” (“Bildung”/ “Obrazovanie”) and they are described according to the groups combined by one and the same semantics. The conclusion of the article shows that the concept of “Education” changes constantly and nowadays is greatly influenced by social, economic, political and cultural factors that lead to its transformation both in German and Russian linguocultures.

Russian Approach to the Problem of Correlation of Linguistic Consciousness and National State of Mind

Language as a bearer of the people’s sociocultural memory is the basis of the nation’s world perception. Linguistic view of the world – a number of micro and macrocosms reflecting the results of cognitive activity of a human being as a representative of the linguocultural community or ethnic group – is constructed through linguistic means, including lexical ones. Linguistic view of the world also creates the basis of the linguistic consciousness of the personality and national state of mind. This article investigates the problem of the language and thinking interaction in the context of cultural linguistics, an area of the Russian linguistics that emerged on the cusp of the XX-XXI centuries, and language education which basic task under the conditions of humanization of the Russian education is to form a linguistic identity. This work states the Russian scholars’ opinion and author’s interpretation related to this problem. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p111

Lexical-Semantic Aspect of the Concept "Actions, Behavior" (On the Material of the Tatar and English Phraseological Units with the Component-Zoonym)

The urgency of the problem under investigation is stipulated by the fact that the study of concepts through their linguistic explicates is currently one of the problems of the modern cognitive linguistics, which in turn, helps to reveal the very structure of the concept. A comparison of the equivalent concepts in the Tatar and English pictures of the allows disclosing their cultural identity. The purpose of the article is to determine the lexical-semantic features of the concept “actions, behavior” as well as identify the universal and national characteristics in representation of the analyzed concept through phraseological means of the Tatar and English languages. The science-based approach will dominate in the process of this problem investigation. We used the general scientific methods of research in the study, such as descriptive-analytical and comparative. The authors also applied the methods of component, contextual and statistical analysis. The method of idiomatic modeling is partially used in the article as well. The main results of the article. The names of the animals within the phraseological units are mainly used in figurative sense. As a rule, certain characteristics and features of people are transferred through a definite image of an animal. We have revealed universal and national features in the analyzed concepts and their representations by phraseological means of the Tatar and English languages. About 25 animal names have been involved in the Tatar and English phraseological units. The materials of this article can be useful for students, master program undergraduates, post-graduate students while learning Tatar and English. Information on language pictures of the world of various linguocultural communities can be applied in the methods and practice of teaching above-mentioned languages.

COMMUNICATIVE AND COGNITIVE FEATURES OF ART DISCOURSE AND SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE

The paper describes the communicative and cognitive signs of literary discourse and its interpretations in linguistics. Different interpretations of discourse in modern linguistic research are considered. The author's literary discourse is described in terms of the conception, with respect to which the researcher positions himself. The world view of the writer is often manifested in the framework of the verbalization of a number of concepts that are organically included in idiosphere of individual author's works. Reconstructing a hypothetical generalizing model of a linguistic identity of the author is based on the description and analysis of linguistic material use as the basis for interpretation of the semiotic discourse space. Individual concept sphere and the author's thesaurus can be considered as an epistemological base of language personality of the writer. It is conjectured that the literary discourse serves to highlight the relevant objects and essential features of language personality of the writer. Language personality of the writer is treated as a model element of national linguocultural community.