Linguocultural Community Research Articles

Аксиологические особенности концептов ШIУ (ДОБРО) и БЗЭДЖАГЪ (ЗЛО) в адыгской лингвокультуре

The aim of the research is to define the axiological features of the objectification of the concepts ШIУ (GOOD) and БЗЭДЖАГЪ (EVIL) in the Adyghe linguoculture. The paper considers the peculiarities of the linguistic representation of moral and ethical categories of good and evil in the Adyghe linguistic picture of the world through the prism of the value conceptosphere. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it reveals for the first time the linguocultural specifics of the actualization of the value characteristics of the concepts ШIУ (GOOD) and БЗЭДЖАГЪ (EVIL) in the Adyghe linguistic picture of the world. The analysis of the peculiarities of lexical and phraseological-paremiological objectification of the concepts ШIУ (GOOD) and БЗЭДЖАГЪ (EVIL) in the Adyghe linguoculture is carried out. As a result of the research, it was established that the concepts ШIУ (GOOD) and БЗЭДЖАГЪ (EVIL), being an ethical opposition, are objectified implicitly and explicitly by various linguistic units, reflect the moral values of the Adyghe and determine the value dominants of the national linguistic consciousness. The opposition ШIУ/БЗЭДЖАГЪ is connected with both material and spiritual values of the Adyghe linguocultural community.

Когнитивная фитонимическая метафора как средство описания внешности человека в русской и китайской лингвокультурах

The article deals with the cognitive phytonymic metaphor, which forms the plant code in Russian and Chinese linguocultures. A cognitive metaphor, i.e. conceptual metaphor (G. Lakoff, M. Johnson), establishes stable correspondences between the source and the target domains, which are fixed in a linguoculture. This paper investigates the cognitive phytonymic metaphor as a way of interpreting and cognizing reality and, at the same time, as one of the most effective means of creating and representing a linguistic worldview. Considering phytonyms and the plant concepts they are naming as the source domain and the person as the target domain, the cognitive phytonymic metaphor activates a metaphorical mapping that reflects the plant code of culture as part of the coordinate system of linguocultures. The significance of analysing the cognitive mechanisms of the phytonymic metaphor lies in revealing the commonality and individuality of the national linguistic consciousness and values of the two peoples, embodied in the fragments of their linguistic worldviews. The study aimed to identify the characteristic features of the perception of the plant world by members of the Russian and Chinese national linguocultural communities. To achieve this aim, the following tasks were solved: firstly, phytonyms in the two linguocultures were studied as a means of describing a person’s external characteristics; secondly, based on phytomorphisms, a comparative analysis was performed of the cognitive mechanisms of the phytonymic metaphor in Russian and Chinese linguistic worldviews; thirdly, factors contributing to the emergence of differences between cognitive phytonymic metaphors in the two linguocultures were identified. The research concludes that, in most cases, when comparing phytonymic metaphors in the two linguocultures one will find discrepancies, including asymmetry and nonequivalence. Such factors as geographical environment, religion, history, national culture, way of thinking and hierarchy of peoples’ values can have a great influence on the formation of differences between cognitive phytonymic metaphors in the two linguocultures.

ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ «ЭТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ДУБЛЕТ» В ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПАРАДИГМЕ

The article focuses on the analysis of the definitions of the concept of an etymological doublet in order to develop a common definition covering the main features of this phenomenon. The functioning of etymological doublets remains a specific field of knowledge in the context of topical linguistic researches. Representing a category of native words and loanwords with a common etymological nest, they are able to illustrate the historical path of a given language, as well as the linguistic contacts of the representatives of a given linguocultural community. However, scientific literature features no consensus regarding the interpretation of the concept of an etymological doublet in the lexicological paradigm, which imposes certain limitations on the classification of lexical units of common origin, as well as structural and semantic analysis of etymological doublets.

Dynamics of American Political Discourse of the 20th – Early 21st Centuries

The article addresses dynamics of conceptual space and communicative organization of the American political discourse in the 20 th – early 21 st centuries. The research objective is to identify transformations in the content of universal and nationally-marked concepts, as well as verbal modification of communicative strategies and tactics in the American political discourse of the periods under study. The main research methods applied are discourse, conceptual, semantic, and contextual analysis. The sampling corpus incorporates 662 public speeches of American presidents. The speeches under analysis belong to the ritual, orientational, and agonal genres of the political discourse. The main discourse-forming and nationally-marked concepts, features of the communicative structure of the American political discourse are established. The analysis of the metaphorical system as a way of realizing the intention in the American political discourse is carried out. The main types of conceptual metaphor, representing the discourse-forming concepts of the American political discourse are considered. The American political discourse conceptual space is more prone to transformations than its communicative structure in the studied timeframe. The nationally-marked concepts tend to be more dynamic than the universal discourse-forming concepts. The conceptual dynamism of the nationally-marked concepts manifests itself in the prevalence of the dominant features and the lacunarity at different stages of the American linguo-cultural community existence. The nationally-marked concepts components related to the historical and socio-cultural aspects of the speaking community life are brought into the open in the speeches of American presidents as transmitters of the national cultural values and role-status configurations in the political discourse of the 20 th – early 21 st centuries.

SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROVERBS OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE WITH THE BASIC LEXEME “MAN”

Proverbs are interesting not only as linguistic units, but also as a means of knowing the national character of the people, penetrating into the system of its values, as a repository of various cultural information. Proverbs contain a set of opinions developed by the people as a linguocultural community, they are one of the most important linguistic units that reflect ethnic characteristics, the philosophy of the people. In proverbs about a person, his main features are presented – thinking, speaking, diligence or laziness, social status, his attitude towards people, towards the surrounding nature, etc. The article deals with the proverbs of the Kazakh language with the basic concept of a man. Their semantic features are revealed on the basis of the concept of anthropocentrism, it is described that they express both national and universal features. In the proverbs of the Kazakh language, the concept of a man is conveyed by the words адам, кісі, жан, біреу, тұлға, as well as other lexical units denoting a man. To define the concept of a man in the proverbs of the Kazakh language, the following classification of proverbs was presented: a man – the image of a man, a man – a man, a man – a society, a man – an image of animals, a man – positive and negative qualities of a man, a man – a child of a man, a man – a word of a man. The results of the semantic analysis of proverbs have theoretical and practical significance, therefore they can be used both in general for linguo-theoretical and linguo-contrastive, and for linguodidactic and linguo-methodological purposes. The analysis and description of the semantic properties of proverbs were carried out using such methods as the method of linguistic description, the method of component analysis, the differential semantic method.

Cancel Culture - the Speech Behavior of Modern Society

The research paradigm of 21st century linguistics links the study of discourse with the use of language as a public practice. The subject of the study is linguistic features of different levels, characterizing the phenomenon of cancel culture. The new discourse practice or speech reality functions thanks to the media and the Internet in various areas of modern speech — in political and business communication, in professional and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to consider cancel culture as a linguistic object that reflects the speech life of modern society. The relevance of the study is determined by a modern request for regulation and control of speech behavior in the public sphere within the framework of constructive criticism. The article implements the following research tasks: to describe the linguistic essence of the cancel culture and characterize the latter as a phenomenon characteristic of the communicative behavior of representatives of the linguocultural community. The linguistic method of discourse analysis is used as the main tool for analyzing texts with functioning examples of lexical units representing the cancellation action, which makes it possible to identify features of the communication and evaluation activities of speakers. As a result, new language facts in the system of linguistic coordinates are localized and a possible vector for the study of aggressive communication in the language-environment category is determined. It allows for an expansion of the field of scientific understanding of the modern speech environment. The author concludes that the cancel culture as a new discourse practice has a thematic and semiotic dominant in the form of destructive criticism. Research of new discourse practice on the identified attractors of criticism and aggressive communication is set as a research perspective.

Non-verbal Communication as an Indicator of the Cultural and National Specificity of a Literary Text

The article is a description of the stylistic function of various means of non-verbal communication in literary texts. The authors objectify the idea that the mutual understanding of representatives of different ethnic groups involves both the acquisition of languages ​​and the awareness of cultural national codes that inform about native speakers and about the special ways of intercultural communication that are available. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the identification of national and cultural stereotypes of the mentality of ethnic groups in the modern globalized space is a socio-political, economic, psychological and historical factor in the formation of a nation as a linguistic community. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of Kazakh, Russian and non-linguistic forms of communication, the identification of full, partial equivalents in the compared languages ​​and the analysis of non-equivalent gestures, facial expressions, signs of non-verbal communication. The value of the study is determined by the understanding that non-verbal forms of communication capture and reflect the social and cultural experience of the linguocultural community, are reflected both in the universal, common for all mankind, and in the unique, national-cultural, picture of the world, characterize the common and peripheral core, reflecting the national and cultural specifics of the Kazakh and Russian philosophical worldview and showing a unique perception of the surrounding reality. The practical significance of the results of the work is determined by the possibility of introducing this material into the teaching of disciplines of postgraduate education (master's and doctoral studies), which are associated with cognitive, intercultural, linguoculturological aspects of language learning: «Ethnolinguoculturology», «Russian language and intercultural communication», «Theory and practice of intercultural communication».

Национально-культурная специфика концепта AMI/ДРУГ во французском языке: объективированное и субъективированное содержание

This work is a study of the content of the AMI/FRIEND concept in the French language consciousness through the use of the method of macro- and micro-component analysis and experimental analysis of the “naïve” definitions of the lexeme “ami”. Both the collective, culturally and nationally conditioned understanding of this concept, as well as the originality of its interpretation by native speakers under the influence of individually lived experience, are studied. The aim of the study is to identify the semantic similarities and differences of the AMI/FRIEND concept in the French language consciousness at the level of objectified and subjectified content. Language semantics is considered as a verbalized embodiment of an ethno-specific understanding of the surrounding reality by representatives of a particular linguo-cultural community, and the meaning of an individual lexeme is considered as a microparticle of the linguistic worldview. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the identification of national-specific semantic micro-components of the AMI/FRIEND concept through a combined analysis of the objective meaning of the lexeme “ami” and its associative-subjective meaning obtained experimentally. As a result, the objective essential features of the AMI/FRIEND concept are revealed at the macro- and micro-component semantic levels, the subjective field structure of the meaning of the lexeme “ami” is presented, and its core and peripheral features are classified.

The linguistic and cultural type of the kazakhstani student through the prism of narrative

The article presents the analysis of narrative texts, which represent the linguocultural type kazakhstani student. The interest to this research stems from the necessity of developing the algorithm for narrative analysis from the linguocultural point of view, as well as the reason-ability of addressing such a social group as the student which is so important for researchers in different linguocultural communities It is proved that through the narrative dimension a rather rich set of figurative characteristics of a student can be revealed, since in the sequence of events a student’s verbal and non-verbal behaviour is realised, his/her speech portrait is formed, the environment under the influence of which a student is, the student’s appearance is drawn, which becomes recognisable and typical. The authors tried to identify the goals, motives, attitudes, interests and intensities, which, acting as the most significant, are actualized in the minds of students in modern Kazakhstan, through the narrative picture of the student’s world. The research corpus was textual fragments from publicist texts of Kazakhstani media, containing events of students’ life, as well as essays and texts of students from the Internet. The applied narrative analysis allowed the authors to identify situational motives and attitudes of linguocultural type student, implemented in the narrative text, thanks to which some common and distinctive features of the representatives of modern Kazakh youth are highlighted. In the conclusion it is shown that the study of linguistic personality in the narratological aspect opens up new possibilities for modelling generalized personality.

The Landscape Code of Russian Culture in Educational Dictionary Created for Foreign Philology Students

The article is devoted to the problem of landscape code of Russian culture lexicographic description in teaching advanced Chinese philology students Russian as a foreign language. At present, the culture codes linguistic description contributes to the explication of hidden cultural meanings, coded for foreigners studying the Russian language even at the high level. The “decoding” of hidden meanings requires purposeful work, without this work complete cultural information comprehension is impossible. The appeal to the culture code as a study subject is especially relevant for teaching philology students, since it is assumed that philologists should have the ability not only to perceive the different texts content, but also to penetrate into the Russian word imagery, into its value potential and understand the estimation justification. After analyzing the existing studies, one can conclude that the landscape culture code is one of the main codes, it has a significant impact on the national character, mentality, picture of the world and the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian linguocultural community. The landscape kinds names have not yet become the subject of a purposeful methodological description, and the corresponding lexical-semantic group has not been identified in ideological dictionaries. In this regard, applying the component analysis method we determined the lexical-semantic group “Names of landscape kinds” volume and structure and the educational group of the same names, including 8 subgroups. The article proposes an educational lexicographic description of the verbal landscape culture code represented by the lexical-semantic group. The dictionary entry of the educational dictionary “Verbal culture codes in the language vocabulary” has a multicomponent structure. The selected zones of the dictionary entry (interpretation, synonyms, associations, epithets, etc.) contribute to the Russian culture code “decoding”, which is especially relevant in methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Chinese philology students.

TERMS OF ENDEARMENT IN GERMAN AND THE ASPECTS OF THEIR LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL APPROACH

The article discusses the terms of endearment that function as the affectionate etiquette expressions in German. Some terminological problems related to determining their status as the primary element of intimate discourse are considered. The main ways of building of terms of endearment as well as their semantic and derivational features are revealed. The terms of endearment are considered to be the linguistic universals that have the special cultural potency due to their ability to express typical emotive and evaluative reactions and represent the most significant stereotypes and standards of the linguocultural community. The describing of the terms of endearment requires a synergetic approach, which is not limited only to structural and semantic classification. It is necessary to study and interpret the images in the categories of a particular linguistic culture through the prism of cultural stereotypes, ideas and attitudes. The terms of endearment are created by speakers mainly through the use of metaphorical and metonymic images supplemented by diminutive suffixation and word composition. The most productive is the biomorphic cultural code. In addition, the article presents some conceptual considerations about the structure and content of the dictionary of German terms of endearment with cultural and historical comments. The linguoculturological comment on the inner forms of terms of endearment allows describing the cultural stereotypical vision and perception of partners. The use of linguistic symbols in the terms of endearment is due to archetypal ideas, mythologems, as well as social stereotypes and attitudes in the German linguistic and cultural community.

Аксиологический аспект лингвокультурного концепта УЧЕНИЕ в китайских идиомах

The research aims to determine the value content of the LEARNING concept in Chinese idioms as a means of explicating moral principles and behavioural rules of the Chinese linguocultural community. This concept occupies a central place in the Chinese conceptual sphere, since the learning process is continuous and accompanies a person throughout their entire life. The paper analyses the axiological parameters of the LEARNING concept embedded in Chinese idioms (chéngyǔ) as the most expressive means of the modern Chinese language; proposes a classification of the selected idiomatic units based on the type of a cultural value or anti-value that is characteristic of each value-semantic link in the axiological space of the specified concept. The research is novel in that it is the first to involve idiomatic expressions for the purpose of studying the Chinese linguocultural LEARNING concept. As a result of the research, the composition of Chinese chéngyǔ verbalising the said concept has been determined, the culture-specific content of the concept has been described, value orientations to learning in the Chinese linguocultural community have been revealed.

Структура концепта CHOICE/ВЫБОР в британской языковой картине мира (на примере романа А. Мердок «Черный Принц»)

The purpose of the research is to determine the structure of the CHOICE concept in the British linguistic worldview, using the novel “The Black Prince” by the English writer I. Murdoch as an example. The paper studies such constituent elements of the CHOICE concept as the core, inner and outer periphery, phraseological membrane and visual veil. Scientific originality of the research lies in taking a noospheric approach to analysing the cultural concept of CHOICE, which seems to be the fundamental component in the individual style of I. Murdoch, who is an exemplary representative of the British linguocultural community. As a result, language units representing each of the elements of the CHOICE concept have been identified and a visual map of the concept under study has been compiled.

Semantic Typology Pandemic Vocabulary: Covid Neologisms in English, French and German

Neologisms that appeared under the influence of the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are considered, based on the material of English, French and German languages. The basis of the study is formed by neologisms collected by continuous sampling from available lexicographic sources and foreign language Internet resources. The relevance of this work is confirmed by the rapid growth of neologisms in all the languages under consideration. The novelty of the study lies in a comparative approach to the analysis of nomination processes and in determining the dominant areas of semantic attraction in these linguistic cultures. The elements that have shown the greatest productivity and stable functioning are singled out. The author’s classification of covid neologisms is proposed. The question is raised about the susceptibility of these languages to new realities, their productivity in the process of responding to changes in various spheres of society. It is concluded that the number of English neologisms prevails over the corresponding units in French and German. It is confirmed that the structure of the lexico-semantic groups identified during the analysis is heterogeneous and in some cases has a lacunar character. It is suggested that the reason for this may be both the specificity of the word formation of languages, and the peculiarities of the mentality inherent in a particular linguocultural community.

Проблемы применения стратегии доместикации при переводе реалий (на материале переводов произведений Чингиза Айтматова на английский язык)

The aim of the research is to study the validity of using domestication as a predominant translation strategy in translating multilingual literary works, i.e. those works that contain a large number of realia representing various linguocultural communities. The paper is based on the texts of Chinghiz Aitmatov’s literary works in Russian and their corresponding translations into English. Scientific originality lies in considering translated realia in Chinghiz Aitmatov’s multilingual works from the perspective of hypertext. As a result, it has been proved that using domestication as a predominant translation strategy in translating the books in question leads to a noticeable decline in their stylistic authenticity, a weaker linguocultural impact on the reader and a partial distortion of the writer’s general concept.

On the cross-cultural formation of conceptology

This research focuses on examination of the concept from cross-cultural perspective. It is substantiated by the fact that currently the study of cross-cultural communication on the level of concept is important due to the idea of spiritual unity of people of different nationalities and increase of the ethical level. The article reveals the theoretical specificity, role and place of the concept. Analysis is conducted on the concepts of linguistic worldviews The author explores the key approaches towards comprehension of the concept as a cross-cultural formation – as the basic unit in mental world of a person, as the unit of cognitive semantics, as the intermediary between words and reality. These approaches are based on definition of the concept as what denotes the content of the concept. The researchers associate the concept of concept with the cognition of the world. The representation of linguistic worldview may be on the lexical level, as well as on the level of various texts, which implies fuller coverage of the material. The worldviews reflect the perception of the world by linguistic personalities of different ethnic groups, affecting their mentality. Such influence manifests in assessment of the state and changes in the environment, role of the linguistic personality, its attitude towards the world, itself, others, as well as its behavior. The linguistic worldview is mobile, and thus devoid of passivity and rigid standardization. It is established that the linguistic worldview is represented on the level of linguistic unit, as well as the level of various types of text interpreted in a particular culture. Representing the view and perception of linguocultural community, the worldview determines the mentality of the representatives of a particular culture or nationality, which manifests in their assessment of the state of the environment and the possibility of its change, position and attitude of a person towards the world, nature, animals, himself, and other people, as well as in behavior.

Формирование коммуникативных навыков студентов в процессе работы с поликодовыми текстами

The theoretical justification of the linguistic and didactic potential of polycode texts for teaching professional communication in a foreign language is analyzed. The analysis of scientific literature related to the study of semantically complex texts, including information transmitted using various code systems is conducted. The concepts of “creolized” and “polycode” text are differentiated. Attention is focused on the fact that the texts of different semiospheres during decoding can be variably interpreted, depending on which linguocultural communities the communicants belong to. At the same time, it is pointed out that familiarity with the cultural codes of the target language and the multichannel inherent in polycode text can significantly improve the decoding and communication skills of students in the process of working with polycode texts. The conclusion is made about the significant didactic potential of working with polycode texts. Specific stages of work with such texts are proposed, and it is emphasized that the gradual inclusion of students in work with polycode texts that combine several codes for presenting information, allows them to most accurately understand the ideas inherent in the polycode text and conduct successful professional communication in a foreign language.

Functional set of axiological dominants within English discourse-communicative space

The article is devoted to the problem of multifunctionality of value dominants in the discourse space of English communication. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that it is aimed at clarifying the conceptual guidelines of discourse-communicative linguoaxiology as a direction that is experiencing a stage of development of its own theoretical platform. English communication acts as a zone of manifestation of axiological attitudes, which serve as nuclear elements of both personal axiospheres of speakers and the social value system of English-speaking linguocultural communities. Nevertheless, the analysis of the functional system of axiological vectors has so far been sporadic and fragmentary. The article makes an attempt at the analysis of multifunctional loading of axiological dominants within the boundaries of the discourse field of English-based interpersonal communication. The purpose of the study is to develop a functional axiological set, i.e. a complex of interrelated functions fulfilled by value dominants in English discourse-communicative practices. The relevant methods of comparative content analysis and comparative analytical systematization have been employed as the methodological apparatus of the research. The results of the study consist in the formation of a five-component system-functional axiological set, implemented in the process of English communication, the analysis of functional potential of value dominants in terms of axiological levels, as well as the identification of the specificity of each component within the developed paradigm. Based on the results of the study, the authors formulate a reasoned conclusion that value dominants lay deep foundation that systematically defines the entire area of interpersonal communication due to the simultaneous realization of multifunctional potential. The components of functional axiological set, namely the social-regulatory, motivational, cultural-integrative, structure-forming and pragma-axiological functions, in the process of communicative actualization determine the speech behavior of those who participate in verbal interaction.

Some aspects of hospitality in the Polish and Bulgarian linguistic picture of the world

This paper examines how the representatives of the Bulgarian and Polish linguocultural community understand hospitality. Focusing on the linguistic picture of the world in both languages (which entails a lingo-anthropological analysis of Bulgarian and Polish phrases, idioms, words, and sayings) we discover some similarities between the Bulgarian and the Polish worldview, linked to the theme of ‘hospitality’. The study also contains a comparative analysis of Bulgarian/Polish and English expressions. The analysis is used to outline some unique features in the fragment of the Bulgarian/Polish linguistic picture of the world we are looking at.

ПО НЯТТЯ КУЛЬТУРИ В ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВСТВІ: ДО ПИТАННЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ

In the paper, we off er the translatological defi nition of the concept of culture, relevant for literary translation as a culturological phenomenon. We believe that the given defi nition combines the main aspects of its interpretation in culturology, socio-cultural anthropology, and intercultural communication. Such an approach allows outlining cultural background knowledge of the translator, which is necessary, on the one hand, for understanding of the text and, on the other, for the adequate translation of cultural information. The article analyses various theories of the understanding of culture and the tradition of its research in the translation studies, particularly in German translatology. The combination of interpretive, linguistic and translational turns in the cultural sciences is identifi ed as a perspective for translation studies. The attention focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of common interpretations. The paper considers the issues of meaningful and spatial defi nition of the concept of culture. The study characterizes the understanding of culture in the process of intercultural communication and the role of literary translation in it as well as clarifi es the peculiarities of the refl ection of culture in the literary text. The elements of culture that constitute translation problems are both extralinguistic concepts, i.e. phenomena and events that take place in a particular linguocultural community (the culture described by language), and “culturally conditioned” units of language as markers of a particular culture (the culture in language). In this research, we exemplify the possible ways of solving the problem of identifi cation and translation of cultural information in literary translation. It is important to complete a systematic description of culture in literary texts to enable its identifi cation at the macro- and microstructural levels. The article points out the need to consider the issue of identifi cation and translation of cultural information not only at the stage of implementation of the message in the language of translation, but also at the stages of decoding the source text and its recoding. The prospects for further research are outlined, which consist in the operationalization of the concept of culture at the empirical level, a systematic description of cultural manifestations in the source text, and a systematic approach to the reproduction of cultural information in the translated text. Key words: culture, translation studies, intercultural communication, literary translation, literary text.