Linguistic Terminology Research Articles

Stylistics : A Contact between Linguistics and Literary Criticism

Quirk (1969) has remarked that a man's style is as specific as his
 fingerprints. Stylistic analysis can in fact settle many knotty problems in
 ltterature. A Writer's use of language, if studied carefully , can reveal his
 aesthetic personality , his deep – laid philosophy and world – view , the
 way he looks at the world , perhaps far more accurately than any study of
 his background and the literary movement he subscribes to . In fact , the
 question of the nature of stylistics , and its position among the various
 disciplines, its scope and its limits have aroused considerable discussion.
 The term "stylistics" can apply to various kinds of linguistic analysis.
 Anyhow, stylistics, which is, in general, incorporated within the
 terminology of linguistics, has not won the satisfaction of some linguists.
 therefore, they began to coin some other new terms . Thus, this research
 is intended to present discussion of the scope of stylistics, stylistic
 analysis, and stylistics as a middle ground between linguistics and literary
 criticism. In general, it is divided into three parts each to cover a certain
 aspect of the subject .the first part is a review of the definition of
 stylistics, its function, and its aims. The second part is concerned with
 stylistic analysis and kinds of stylistic studies. Whereas, the third part of
 this research discusses the role of stylistics as a contact between
 linguistics and literary criticism.

Changes in communication and language thinking of Ukrainians in the era of the coronavirus pandemic

Under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic, the modern world is expe-riencing a communicative revolution. Internet communication and the phenomenon of virtuality are globalizing, and behavioural and communicative models are being modified. In this reality, a person rebuilds and acquires new knowledge, the perception of the world changes, new language thinking appears, a kind of neologization of the Ukrainian language takes place, linguistic terminology develops and the linguistic creativity is being actualized.

Language, the Signifier, and the “Point de Caption”: From Saussure to Lacan and Žižek

The paper aims to return to the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure to examine the application of the structural linguistic terminologies in Lacanian psychoanalysis and the critique of ideology by Slavoj Žižek. First, the author examines Saussure’s structural linguistics terminologies in his book Course in General Linguistics. Then, the differences between its original definitions and their application in Lacanian psychoanalysis and the critique of the ideology of Slavoj Žižek are compared. The author found that although the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan used various linguistic terminologies that are initially from Saussure’s structural linguistics, he radically rewrote those concepts and perfectly “quilt” them into his theory of psychoanalysis. Besides, Slovenian philosopher Slavoj Žižek carefully examined the Lacanian linguistic view and applied it to the critique of ideology. Indeed, many correlations between Lacanian linguistic terminologies and Saussure’s terminologies in his structural linguistics have been fully concerned by scholars around the world. Nevertheless, from the author’s point of view, it is essential for people nowadays who would like to examine contemporary philosophy deeply, psychoanalysis as well as the critique of ideology to return to Saussure’s book and carefully examine the original forms of the linguistic terms. Thus, this paper mainly focuses on the idea of Sassure’s structural linguistics to give readers some new inspiration by tracing the origin of structural linguistic terms.

Challenges of Croatian Linguistic Terminology

The first part of the paper gives an overview of the Croatian Linguistic Terminology – Jena project stating its goals and achievements. The project is now (March 2023) in its last year. In the second part of the paper, plans and challenges of the project are discussed. Special attention is paid to the relation of linguistic terminology to anthropological (anthropolinguistic) terminology and the Jena project to the ANTRONA project, the first humanities and social sciences terminology project in the Struna program. The central part of the paper focuses on some of the most important issues and challenges (supported by examples) connected with the translation of Croatian onomastic terminology into English and vice versa.

Compendiums of knowledge associated with linguistic terminology and linguists: history, classification features, and genre polyfunctionality

The author explores the historical development of Ukrainian linguistic terminology within the framework of national terminography, lexicography, encyclopediography. The article reviews and analyses the academic references encomprassing 1) nationally specific and borrowed terms as well as concepts in traditional and emerging linguistics branches (e.g., the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by Ye. Krotevych and N. Rodzevytch; Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by D. Hanych and I. Oliinyk; Dictionary of Modern Linguistics: Concepts and Terms; Modern Linguistic Dictionary by A. Zahnitko; Ukrainian. Concise Dictionary of Linguistic Terms by S. Yermolenko, S. Bybyk, and O. Todor; Modern Linguistics: Terminological Encyclopedia by O. Selivanova; The Ukrainian Language. Encyclopaedia; etc.), and 2) personalities of Ukrainian linguists (e.g., Ukrainian Grammar in Names by A. Zahnitko, M. Balko; Nizhyn Linguistics by N. Boiko, S. Zinchenko, A. Kaidash; etc.). The author systemizes and classifies encyclopedic works based on different criteria in the classical way (according to nature of information: domain, subject-specific, biographical, personal works; according to target audience: professional linguistics, student philologists, applicants, pupils; according regional focus of linguistic conceptions: the Nizhyn region, the Poltava region; according to article structure: alphabetical, alphabetical-and-clustered), as well as in the new way (syncretism of linguistic and encyclopedic genres: subject-specific linguistic-and-encyclopedic-and-biographic works, domain regional-and-biographic ones, subject-specific regional-and-biographic ones). The universal and specific principles of forming the definitional part of both linguistic-encyclopedic and encyclopedic articles include interpretation by an author, macro- and mini-discursive cross-references, hyperlinks, scholarly inter-texts, novelty, debatable issues personal and bibliographic remarks, and global linguistic experience.

Dynamics of linguistic lexicon of Vasyl Simovych: in search of “it” and “stranger”

In the article is investigational the linguistic terms (in particular morphological) validified in “Practical grammar of Ukrainian” (in 1918) and “Grammar of Ukrainian for self-training and in a help to school science” (in 1921) of Vasyl Simovych. The circumstances of the personal interest of linguist are found out by the questions of language, terminology, her by a national spirit in the separate articles of linguist. Unusual history of writing of grammatical works is reflected. Certainly and the concept of morphology is described, them terminological expression in the marked grammars of Vasyl Simovych, description of morphological terms is done. Comparison is carried out with modern scientific sources. Self research of certain term system in diachrony and synchrony it is allowed to understand process of development of linguistic terminology. Influence of language personality of Vasyl Simovych is shown, in particular his labours consideration of that is actual in the context of modern problems of becoming of Ukrainian terminology. Lingistic terminoiogy of the Ukrainian language was formed in grammatical publications from the end of the XVI century to the beginning of the XX century, is being improved now. Observing this process in general will make it possible to distinguish the role of V. Simovych in the process of forming a linguistic terminology system, which preserves the terms developed by tradition, and contributed to its formation. “Practical Grammar of the Ukrainian language” and “Grammar of the Ukrainian language” for-study and for the help of school science” by V. Simovych are textbooks that sought to teach the student of grammar of the native language through a conscious and accessible understanding of what the illustrative material of the study book contributed to terminology. The workend material will serve as a basis for studies in Ukrainian terminology, will promote the normalization and orbering of a specific terminology system. It can be used to compile a dictionary of linguistic terms of the end of end of the XIX — beginning of the XX century, which functioned in Western and Eastern Ukrainian grammars. The obtained information will supplement training courses of historical grammar, history of language, as well as special courses of the history of Ukrainian linguistics, historical terminology for students of philology. Keywords: language personality, V. Simovych, national terminology, term formation, grammar, parts of speech, diachrony and synchrony, linguistic terms, linguistic terminology system of V. Simovych, qualification work.

Объем понятия «терминология компьютерной лингвистики»

Объем понятия «терминология компьютерной лингвистики»

"ЛІНГВІСТИКА МОДИ": ТРЕНДОВІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО МАРКОВАНІ МЕТАФОРИ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ МОВИ ГАЗЕТИ)

The socio-psycho-linguistic phenomenon of fashion draws considerable linguists’ attention: one can trace the methodological foundations of this phenomenon study being dynamically developed, the formation of a corresponding metalanguage, as well as the formation of research aspects and domains, which makes it possible to justify the emergence of "fashion linguistics" as a new linguistic direction. One of the tasks of "fashion linguistics" is the study of trendy metaphors in the media style as the most popular in today’s discursive space. The newspaper language is considered to be the source that attests to the distinctiveness of the Ukrainian language progress, demonstrates its development peculiarities, as well as its corresponding trend changes. In recent years, the journalistic style has changed, which is related to extralinguistic factors – democratization of society, Russia’s invasion, increasing the Ukrainian language prestige, Ukrainian culture and history presentation, etc. The newspaper images is based on a metaphor, which is skillfully modeled by speakers, realizing various formulas, including traditional and innovative, trendy ones. One can currently view the renewal of the Ukrainian metaphor fund, which generally expands the scope of national metaphors given the specificty of Ukrainians’ mentality, the precedent expressions manifestation, as well as precedent situations for the successful creation of a language game, original meanings modeling. In journalistic style texts, we fix the fashion for so-called phytonyms, created in accordance with the Ukrainian natural philosophy principles, such as: "pumpkin metaphor", "garlic metaphor", "bean metaphor". Thus, Ukrainian media discourse demonstrates a fashion for national, a fashion for language creativity, which is embodied in Ukrainian linguistic culture. The perspective of the research is in tracking and studying the so-called fashion trends in language, in particular fashionable metaphors, in the possibilities of creating a national fund of metaphors, as well as in paying attention to the development of the terminology of fashion linguistics.

VARIATION OF TERMS: DETERMINOLOGIZATION OR DETERMINIZATION

The article draws attention to the various terms available in the scientific literature: two related lexemes – determinologization and determinization – nominate the same linguistic concept. Since modern terminology interprets the variant of terms as a negative phenomenon, the tasks of the research are to reveal the reasons for the coexistence of variant terms, to analyze the objective and subjective factors of the functioning of each term, and to find out which of them should be preferred and approved in professional use. It was established that the variation of the terms was caused by the use of different suffix models for naming the same scientific concept. We believe that the term determinologization appeared in the Ukrainian linguistic terminological system as a result of the interfering influence of the Russian language, has become widespread in scientific discourse, coexists with several term units subject to a similar word-forming architecture (determinologism, determinologized), and generally corresponds to the systemic features of the terminology of linguistics. However, the modern tendency to the most active involvement of specific morphemes in term formation is appropriate. Therefore, we state that the term opposition “termination – determination” has an indisputable advantage since it is based on a native word-formation model. Another critical advantage of using the term determination is its relative brevity, which is one of the basic requirements for the term. The shorter the lexeme, the easier it is to form derivatives and the more convenient it is to use. We consider the third advantage to be the motivation of the term determination: the structural motivator in it is the suffix -нн(я) [-nn(ya)], since its meaning of objectified action, process accurately reflects the essence of the signified concept, in contrast to the suffix morpheme -ацій- [-atsii-], which, in combination with the root morpheme, can also acquire and the value of the result of the action. We emphasize that the parallel use of variant terms has grounds for long-term existence. However, in the lexeme perspective, determinologization can be limited to nominating the concept “result of the determination process.”

The native-borrowed paradigm in the linguistic terminology of Yury Shevelyov

The article is devoted to analysing the terminology of the linguistic works of the famous Ukrainian linguist Yury Shevelyov (Sherekh). The author clarifies the ratio of native and borrowed elements in linguistic terms representing different language levels. The article takes into account the authorʼs manner of introducing terms and their borrowed equivalents into scientific texts. The frequency of use of Ukrainian terms and their borrowed counterparts has been determined. The article characterizes and classifies specifically Ukrainian and borrowed terms, considering their belonging to different language levels. The author outlines a number of linguistic terms that differ from their modern equivalents established in linguistics. Within the terms atypical for a contemporary, the author highlights terms to denote concepts of phonetics and characteristics of sounds, graphic and punctuation marks, concepts of syntax and types of sentences, in particular, word structure, groups of words, grammatical categories, ways of word formation, etc. According to the results of the research carried out on the material of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers within terms with borrowed components, the author singles out terms with a component expressed by a noun (дублет, формант, еквівалент, etc.) and an adjective (атрибутивний, дублетний, релевантний / ірелевантний, контамінований, експіраторний, номінативний, пейоративний, препозитивний постпозитивний, релятивний, секундарний, фіктивний, etc.). In general, the terminology of Yury Shevelevʼs linguistic papers testifies to the famous linguistʼs desire to give preference to specifically Ukrainian terminological word forms. The terms of Ukrainian origin in his scientific idiostyle dominate in the designation of phonetic phenomena and sounds, word components, ways of word formation, parts of speech, their groups, cases and meanings, and types of simple and complex sentences. Instead, borrowed models of word formation represent nominations of groups of words according to various features and terms to denote language processes. Yuriy Shevelyov prefers the borrowed terms, denoting artistic tropes, stylistic figures and techniques. The author concludes that the largest number of terms atypical for modern linguistics are terms used to denote the concepts of phonetics, grammar, graphic and punctuation marks. Keywords: linguistic term, scientific idiostyle, specific / borrowed word, synonymous term, foreign equivalent of the term.

Деепричастие как зона риска

The article is devoted to the Russian adverbial participle and the peculiarities of its functioning. The article deals with the reasons for the difficult perception of this grammatical topic by Czech students. The Russian adverbial participle is more actively used in modern speech in comparison with the Czech, which is perceived today rather as archaism. For this reason, Czech students hardly understand the features of the functioning of Russian adverbial participle, expression of taxis semantics in combination with a predicate. The complexity of the perception of this topic is also connected, according to the author, with the discrepancy between Czech and Russian linguistic terminology. The article presents data from various Czech textbooks on the Russian language. Recommendations and practical tasks are offered that will help the teacher when working on this complex grammatical material.

LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY IN THE FOCUS OF THE MENTIOLOGY THEORY

The objective of the paper under consideration is to display the formation and development specifics of the linguistic terminology associated with the linguistic mentiology formation issue. Since language reflects reality as it is, or as individuals want to imagine it, which they want to project, then it is quite logical that the language makes untruth verbalized, fake (untrue) concepts get fixed, and corresponding terms emerge in the academic and general discourse. One can definitely observe the modeling of the terms system for describing language (speech) facts, processes and phenomena, which when being nominated have a basic semantic component representing the untruth (false/lies) concept. This semantic constituent, in particular, is formally (explicitly) covered by means of quasi-, pseudo- elements and expressed implicitly by means of the corresponding semes in the term semantic structure, which represent the untruth (false/lies) concept. These include: false, unreliable, untrue, distorted, unreal, disinformation, disguising, fictitious, fantasy, imaginative, paradoxical, exaggerated, understated, belittled, concealed, one that reflects part of the truth, one that substitutes one for another, one that does not correspond to reality, one that contradicts the original meaning, one which can only be assumed, one which conceals the true meaning. Most of the above mentioned terms that outline the mentiology term field belong to monosemantic and one-word structure terms, a smaller part of them can be regarded as polysemantic and multicomponent by their structure. Within the terms system under consideration homonyms emerge, some terms expand their meaning, which is not yet registered in current dictionaries of linguistic terms. The terms analyzed primarily belong to the metalanguage of lexicology (quasi-synonyms, quasi-synonymy), onomastics (names distortion, pseudonym), orphemics (quasi-inflection, pseudo-motivation), morphology (quasi-grammeme), syntax (evidentiality and its counterpart category, quasi-sentence, pseudo-question), communicative linguistics (truth criterion, sincerity riterion, truthfulness maxim / postulate, pseudo-communication), text linguistics and discourse linguistics (quasi-discourse, quasi-text), linguistic stylistics (catachresis, quasicontrast), etymology (pseudo-etymology), sociolinguistics (quasi-ethnonym, pseudoethnonym). The issue discussed has broad prospects for further research: the mentiology terms will need systematic fixation and being processed by lexicographers.

INSTRUCTION FOR COMPILERS OF THE HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMS

The article deals with description of compiling the Historical Dictionary of Linguistic Terms that will present formal and semantic evolution of the Ukrainian linguistic terms from the earliest times to the middle of the 20th century. Compilation of the dictionary involves the following stages: 1. Creation of the diachronic corpus of linguistic texts (ISTLING) as a source of information about the history of Ukrainian linguistic terms (it will include not only sources in Ukrainian, but also in Polish, German, Russian, etc. and present their role in the formation of the Ukrainian linguistic terminology). 2. Compilation of linguistic profiles of sources – preliminary general information about the peculiarities of the use of linguistic terms in these sources. 3. Formation of the register which task is not only to present the lexeme recorded in the texts of the studied period, but also to show its unity (the term and its variants), its word-forming connections, grammatical forms (selectively), its use in texts in different periods, fixation in dictionaries. Each term (even if it occurs only once in the corpus) recorded in the sources is a registered unit. 4. Generalization of material (from linguistic profiles of dictionary sources) in diachronic cognitive maps, i.e. in the system of linguistic knowledge representation, which reflects the processes of conceptualization and categorization of the linguistic term concept in the projection onto the linguistic term that nominates it. 5. Modeling an entry for the dictionary based on a diachronic cognitive map of a linguistic term. It has 8 zones: vocable, or register word; modern definition of the term; etymology of the term (if possible); the first fixation of the modern term; formal versions of the term in chronological order with certification; semantic development of the term; peculiarities of categorization of the term concept (if the material provides such an opportunity); term «projection» in modern linguistics. The article contains fragments of the register, samples of linguistic profiles of individual sources, diachronic cognitive maps of linguistic terms, as well as some examples of dictionary entries.

New dictionary of linguistics terminology. Publication Review: Ukrainian-English-Lithuanian-Polish-Greek-Latin Dictionary of Linguistic Terminology

Publication Review: Ukrainian-English-Lithuanian-Polish-Greek-Latin Dictionary of Linguistic Terminology / edited by О. Nika, S. Hrytsenko. Sumy: Universytetska knyha, 2022. 220 p.

ЗэраIуатэ тешэр къэбэрдей-шэрджэсыбзэм зэрыхэтыр

The article presents a detailed analysis of the indicative mood in the Kabardino-Circassian lan-guage. In the study's course, a comparative-historical method was used with the involvement of the language material of the closely related Adyghe language. The study was carried out based on the author’s monographic work “Semantic and grammat-ical characteristics of the mood category in the Kabardian-Circassian language”, where the indica-tive expressing indicative semantics is characterized, considering such universal categories as modality and temporality. In the list of indirect moods, the indicative mood is distinguished by the greatest completeness of the system of word-change forms and expresses the reality of the action in all tense forms. The methods used in the work are based on the tradition of synchronous description, as well as on the theoretical understanding of the category of mood and modality in the works of re-searchers working in Iberian-Caucasian linguistics. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of the indicative in tandem with the cat-egory of time with the definition of morphological indicators. It is concluded that besides the main modality inherent in these forms out of context, Kabardian-Circassian verbs in the indicative mood can have various modal shades that characterize the action from the point of view of its re-lation to reality. An important innovation of the article is the use of a new national linguistic terminology developed by Doctor of Philology B.Ch. Bizhoev.

Household Items with Inscriptions of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century as Creolized Works of Folklore: A Need to Create Systematized Databases

The article deals with the necessity to create systematized databases (or to make interactive indices) for samples which are known as written folklore or, using linguistic terminology, creolized (verbal-iconic) texts. In particular, these folklore works include household items with inscriptions of the late XIXth to the first half of the XXth century. The authoress shortly describes the operating principle of the Interactive Index of Folklore Formulae developed by her on the materials of epigraphic embroidery. This index was created taking into account the fact that each item (a sample of epigraphic embroidery) consists of its structural elements. The latter are verbal and visual (iconic) folkloric formulae. Folkloric formulae can be both very short (for example, only one word) and long (for instance, an entire work can be only one folkloric formula). Folklore formulae can be both short (from one word) and long (for example, the whole work can be only one folklore formula). In the case of epigraphic embroidery, works mostly consist of one visual (iconic) and one verbal formula. However, there are also combinations of several verbal and/ or several visual formulae, which are embroidered on one towel and perceived as a single work. Having applied the recursion principle, the authoress managed to create the Index of folkloric formulae of epigraphic embroidery, where all the elements successfully interact. It is accentuated that such indexes (systematized databases) provide an opportunity for scientific research of concrete folkloric works.

АЛГАЧКЫ АГАРТУУЧУЛАР ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ ТУУРАЛУУ

This article describes the scientific activities of the great many-sided and talented people of two fraternal peoples, namely Kasym Tynystanov, the founder of Kyrgyz linguistics, and Akhmet Baitursynov, the founder of Kazakh linguistics. This article describes the contributions of these science communicators in shaping terminology. These scholars were among the first to develop a theory of terminology, in other words, to develop the basic principles of the system and methods of term formation, as they considered terminology as a separate field of linguistics. As a result, we see that many terms are that are actively used today in two languages (Kyrgyz and Kazakh) were penned by these two prominent people The article among the linguistic terminology makes the main focus on the morphological terminology.

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Brief Synopses of New Arabic-Language Publications

Animal linguistics: a primer.

The evolution of language has been investigated by several research communities, including biologists and linguists, striving to highlight similar linguistic capacities across species. To date, however, no consensus exists on the linguistic capacities of non-human species. Major controversies remain on the use of linguistic terminology, analysis methods and behavioural data collection. The field of 'animal linguistics' has emerged to overcome these difficulties and attempt to reach uniform methods and terminology. This primer is a tutorial review of 'animal linguistics'. It describes the linguistic concepts of semantics, pragmatics and syntax, and proposes minimal criteria to be fulfilled to claim that a given species displays a particular linguistic capacity. Second, it reviews relevant methods successfully applied to the study of communication in animals and proposes a list of useful references to detect and overcome major pitfalls commonly observed in the collection of animal behaviour data. This primer represents a step towards mutual understanding and fruitful collaborations between linguists and biologists.

Tracking Some Phonetic Terms in the Arabic Lesson: A Descriptive Analytical Research

This research aims to shed light on some phonetic linguistic terms used in the Arabic phonetic lesson for the purpose of monitoring, analyzing and tracking its developments. Such a step helps to standardize and weigh between them. The study follows a descriptive-analytical approach; it surveys the problem of the phonetic linguistic term, and its linguistic exactness. Then, it examines some phonetic terms in the Arabic phonetic lesson, such as phonology and phonology; intensity, looseness and mediation; the production, articulatory, transition, position, and the two vocal chords. One of the most prominent conclusions of the study is that the phonetic linguistic terminology enjoyed a tangible development since its infancy, given that phonetics was in the process of emerging and did not reach maturity. Besides, the auditory impression and the western borrowing have a major role in the diversity of the phonetic linguistic terminologies. This is because the multiplicity issue of the linguistic term in general and the phonetic term in particular in Arabic linguistic studies has become one of the problems that Arab researchers suffer from. It has become a source of hesitation whether to choose a given phonetic term or another. This further reflects being unsettled or the lack of agreement on the standards and foundations of the use and translation of the phonetic term. More so, most of the sources on which the research relied on are translated sources that basically reflect the problems of confusion, ambiguity and inaccuracy in the meaning of the term.