Linguistic Sources Research Articles

Muslim personal names in Urdu: structure, meaning, and change

Abstract Based on an analysis of a corpus, in this study we examine: (a) the linguistic structure of Muslim personal names, (b) their etymological sources, and (c) some changing patterns among the younger generation. Firstly, we present a typology of the naming patterns by showing that there are four major types – one-part, two-part, three-part, and four-part names. While one-part names are formed from the given name only, the other three types are complex as they are composed of additional names containing honorific titles, caste titles, patronym, and husband’s names in case of married women. Secondly, by examining the linguistic sources of one-part and two part names, we show that Muslim names are primarily derived from Arabic and Persian. Our study further shows that while Indian Muslim names trace their origins to Arabic, the structure of their names differs significantly from Arabs and other Muslims especially those in southern India. Finally, we demonstrate a shift in the naming pattern among the younger generation in that some names and honorific titles are declining. We conclude our paper with some possible social factors that may contribute to the shift.

Muslim Parish Clergy in 19th — Early 20th Century (Metric Books of Bukhara Volost of Tobolsk Uyezd, Tobolsk Governorate)

The article focuses on the manuscript monuments of Turkic-speaking peoples — Muslim metric books. The compilers of books in Old Tatar language are representatives of the Muslim clergy. The study is based on archival documents from the Bukhara Volost of Tobolsk Uyezd, Tobolsk Governorate from the 19th to the early 20th centuries. The aim of the research is to study the composition of the Islamic clergy through the introduction of understudied sources and the historical and sociocultural facts contained in them. As a result of the analysis of metric records, data on 35 individuals were established, including the name of the spiritual rank, personal name and patronymic (by the end of the 19th — early 20th century — surname) of the clergyman, the time and place of his service, and the name of the madrasah where he studied literacy (in the early 20th century). It is noted that the chronological principle in compiling the books allowed tracing continuity in religious cult service, for example, through blood relations. The authors conclude that Muslim metric records are valuable historical and linguistic sources for studying the sociocultural and linguistic situation of the 19th — early 20th century.

Запозичення як спосіб номінації їжі та напоїв у центральноподільських говірках / Borrowing as a way of nominating food and drinks in the Central Podillya dialect

The article presents a description and systematization of lexical borrowings in the Central Podillia dialect in 10 settlements of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions. The object of study is the Central Podillia dialect, because this area has a high heuristic potential for studing the mechanisms of interlanguage contact: Podillia is located on the border of different states, on the borders of the lands of different peoples, the borders of the Kyiv, Volyn and Halytsky principalities, the Tatar uluses, of the Principality of Lithuania, Poland, Moldova and Turkey, Russia and Austria came together here at different times. The subject of the analysis is the names of food and drinks. In the analyzed dialect materials, it was recorded 98 lexemes (17.8% of all nomens) for food and drinks, the etymons of which go back to Indo-European, Turkic, Caucasian, Finno-Hungarian, Sino-Tibetan languages. The largest number of borrowings in the thematic group of food and drink names of the Central Podillia dialect is attested from the languages of the Indo-European language family. The most frequently borrowed lexemes were recorded from the Romance group (41 nomens), in particular from the following languages: French (18 nomens), Latin (11 nomens), Italian (8 nomens), Romanian (3 nomens), Spanish (1 nomen). The least represented Greek language group, from which 6 nomens were borrowed. Many borrowings (24 nomens) are attested from Slavic languages, in particular from Russian (12 nomens), Polish (11 nomens) and Czech (1 nomen) languages. The Germanic group of languages, in particular German (12 nomens) and English (2 nomens), is also represented by various names for food and drinks in the dialects of Central Podillia. The following language families were less popular for borrowing the names of food and drinks in the dialects of Podillia: Turkic (6 nomens), Finno-Hungarian (3 nomens), Caucasian (3 nomens) and Sino-Tibetan (1 nomen). The established genetic affiliation of the identified lexical borrowings to a specific linguistic source is determined by historical, socio-economic, political and cultural factors of the development of Podillia. In the future, the analysis of isolex borrowings in the Podillia dialect may become a perspective for the study of foreign loanwords in the dialects of Podillia.

Къэбэрдей-шэрджэсыбзэм къыхыхьа псалъэщIэхэр (бзэщIэныгъэ терминхэм ехьэлIауэ)

This article examines the process of new linguistic terms emergence in the Kabardino-Circassian language. This work analysed the terms created by the Kabardino-Circassian language’s own lin-guistic sources. The initiator of the creation of these terms is the scientist-educator Sh.B. Nog-mov. The main stage of the linguistic creation, terminological system of the Kabardino-Circassian language, begins in the 30s of the twentieth century. During the research, the author concludes that the founder of the national linguistic terminology is T.M. Borukaev. He is the author of various terms that are successfully used in the Kabardino-Circassian language to this day. In the post-war years, H.U. Elberdov was engaged in creating linguistic terms. He successfully introduced several terms of his own into the language. In the last half century, creating new linguistic terms has prac-tically ceased. The analysis of the literature shows that in the modern Kabardino-Circassian lan-guage, there is an unjustified use of many borrowed terms. This problem is a serious disadvantage for researchers in their native language. There are solutions for this situation, proposed by the Doctor of Philology B. Ch. Bizhoev. He created the first dictionary of linguistic terms in the Ka-bardino-Circassian language, which includes about 1865 terms. Based on the study of the terms, it was found that almost all of them received an accurate and adequate translation into the Kabardi-no-Circassian language. The relevance of this study lies in the increasing need to study the lin-guistic terminology of the Kabardino-Circassian language. Descriptive-analytical method, contex-tual analysis, statistical calculation are used in the work.

The Kurdish Language Corpus: State of the Art

The notable growth of the digital communities and different online news streams led to the growing availability of online natural language content. However not all natural languages have the enough attention of being made readable and comprehendible to machines. Among these less resourced and paid attention languages is the Kurdish language. Creating the machine-readable text is the first step toward applications of text mining and semantic web, such as translation, information retrieval and recommendation systems. With the de facto challenges in the Kurdish language, such as the scarcity of linguistic sources and not having unified orthography rules, this language has a lack of the language processing tools. However, to overcome the mentioned challenges and enable intelligent applications the well organized and annotated Kurdish text corpora is needed. This review paper investigates the available textual corpora in the Kurdish language and its dialects and then determined challenges are discussed, open problems are listed and future directions suggested.

What do students in human resource management know about accent bias?

For many second language (L2) speakers, including immigrants, speaking with an L2 accent can be a source of unfair or biased treatment in many workplace contexts. However, apart from research on language learners, there is currently little knowledge as to what the general public, and especially members of professional communities, know about accent and accent bias. Our goal in this study was to examine the intuitive understanding of accent and accent bias by university students in human resource (HR) management as future gatekeepers to gainful employment. We interviewed 14 students across two four-year university HR programs in Canada asking the students about their prior experience with accent bias and exploring their understanding of the broader construct of accent through thematic interview coding. The students reported multiple examples of accent bias, demonstrating a nuanced understanding of accent, where they characterized accent bias as an unconscious phenomenon, highlighted its experiential component, expressed sensitivity to different linguistic sources of accent, emphasized the role of a listener in L2 communication, and generally showed flexibility and tolerance toward accented L2 speech. We discuss these findings in light of prior work on accent awareness and highlight the importance of dedicated accent-focused training for HR professionals.

Слот «розыскной шаг» как элемент фрейма «информирование о пропаже» (на материале розыскных документов конца XVIII — начала XIX века)

The article discusses the features of the semantics of the “search step” slot, which was mandatory in the structure of the “missing information” frame. The study was conducted on the material of fifteen search documents of the late 18th — early 19th century from the State Budgetary Institution of the Tyumen region “State Archive in Tobolsk”. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work consists of works in the field of cognitive linguistics, formation, linguistic source studies and lexico-semantic description of archival documents. Conclusions are drawn about the mosaic structure of the slot “search step” and filling it with search semantics.

Representation of toponymic changes in the Russian-Ukrainian media discourse: Problems of national security and protection of historical memory

The study of modern toponymic discourse in the mass media is one of the most pressing problems, since the introduction of “new toponymy” into active speech usage, into the cultural context of each member of the mass audience occurs precisely through the mass communication media. At the same time, the generalization of new toponymic units, even at the level of sentences, has a strong and direct impact on the behavior of the audience, the change and formation of the value system through historical and socio-cultural argumentation. Thus, changes in modern toponymy become part of the current linguistic and cultural concept, a linguistic source of information about the social, political, spiritual culture of the mass audience. Moreover, many examples of modern toponymy directly relate to issues of linguistic security in various aspects of media perception, a kind of humanitarian weapon in the confrontation of ideologies of states. Actual changes in toponymy, dictated by socio-political and historical-social circumstances, participate in the formation of a linguistic and cultural concept, which is formed as a result of the reduction of a fragment of the cognizable world to the limits of human memory and is included in the context of culture in verbal units necessary to meet the communicative needs of members of society. We consider the renaming of historical place names as a format for creating new linguistic concepts, part of a destructive information flow that is deliberately formed in the mass media, in the information flow of new media (telegram channels, social networks), creating an up-to-date media discourse. To study onomastic realities, it is necessary to develop a methodology for extracting cultural and historical information from the onomasticon, as well as a methodology for interpreting this information. This work is aimed at analyzing the current toponymic situation in the context of Russian-Ukrainian relations since 2014 and can be regarded as a contribution to the body of research of the cultural and historical onomasticon.

Classification of Abstract Noun and The Productive of its Affixes in Kurdish Language

This research is entitled “ Classification of abstract noun and the productive of its affixes in Kurdish language”. The importance of this study shows that before in linguistic sources, any noun that was not concrete was named abstract noun and was not classified more, but this research tries to classify the abstract nouns according to the concept and field they reach. It is also an attempt to demonstrate the rate of activity and productivity of the affixes that make abstract noun and a role in enriching the Kurdish language dictionary. The research consists of two section: the first section except for the introduction and summary theoretically talked about the concept, term and definition of the productivity. Also, in general the nouns and types of nouns are mentioned in terms of existence (concrete and abstract), then the types of abstract noun are classified. In the second section, practically the productive of the affixes in creating the types of abstract nouns are presented examples. Finally, the results and list of references are shown.

Metaphorical Transfers in the Azerbaijani and English Languages in Publicistic Texts

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to identify current trends in metaphorical transfers in publicistic texts in Azerbaijani and English languages.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> In the course of the research, during the elaboration of the theoretical achievements of scholars the methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization were used; the method of comparison was used for identification of common and different in journalistic texts in Azerbaijani and English. The study is based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, according to which transfers are both linguistic and philosophical acts.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> The article deals with metaphorical transfers in Azerbaijani and English. They apply to all people, regardless of their race or nationality. Linguistic sources of the outlined subject are analyzed. Human consciousness is able to maintain an infinite system of associations. As a rule, the conceptualization of different branches of knowledge based on metaphorical transfer is based on logical-syntactic and semantic frameworks of language. Metaphorical transfers, according to the theory of cognitive linguistics, are both linguistic and philosophical actions. The rationale for such provisions is presented in Western linguistics, modern research has confirmed that metaphorization is the result of intellectual activity, and its manifestation is the structure of the language. As for the human imagination, which usually has infinite limits, it is able to create the most complex cognitive models. These models of transfer, which are part of cultural thinking, are expressed through language. At the same time, people share the same cognitive models because they have similar life experiences. The article shows that metaphorical transfers in Azerbaijani and English languages are practically indistinguishable or have slight variations.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> It is demonstrated by concrete examples that in the minds of all people there is a common metaphorical model and that forms of expression change depending on the interlocutors.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical importance.</em></strong><em> The results obtained may be of interest to media language researchers and lecturers of philology and journalism.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words</em></strong><em>: English language, Azerbaijani language, cognitive linguistics, metaphorical transfer, publicistic text.</em></p>

The morphological level in some Arabic dialects mentioned in Fath al-Bari, an explanation of Sahih al-Bukhari by Ibn Hajar

The study of dialects is an important topic to understand the morphological differences, as it is the linguistic material that supports us in establishing the morphological issues. Evidently, it is clear that Al hadith and its explanations has a noble position in language, because it is the linguistic sources that cannot be dispensed with. For the sake of the foregoing, the current study was presented under the title (the morphological level in some Arabic dialects mentioned in Fath Al-Bari, Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari by Ibn Hajar). The most important findings of this research are: The explanations of Al hadith contain rich morphological and linguistic material, as they are among the linguistic sources that cannot be dispensed with, In his book Fath al-Bari, Ibn Hajar attributes some dialects to their tribes directly. However, in some places he refers to them by saying: “A well-known language”, and a “little language”, but he does not attribute them to the tribe that use these languges. Ibn Hajar used to mention the Qur’anic readings in his book, and attribute them to the one who recites them, and then refer to the tribe that use it, as he identified in his example (Qanwan) by adding up diacritic mark which is the reading of the Al Aaraj, but it is the language of Qais. All the dialects mentioned by Ibn Hajar in his book had one meaning, although they differed in their morphological values.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL CONCEPTOSPHERE IN GREAT BRITAIN

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the process of the national conceptosphere development in Great Britain. It was found that the national conceptosphere is a set of categorized, standardized, processed concepts in the consciousness of the ethnic group. The conceptosphere expands with the enrichment of historical experience, culture of the nation, its art, science and literature. As a result of the analysis of modern linguistic sources it is determined that the main concepts of the British linguistic picture of the world are correlated with the features of the national character of the British. English people usually talk about themselves as quiet, reserved people who are dominated by common sense and who are not inclined to make rash decisions. At the same time, the Scots, Welsh and Northern Irish present themselves as the complete opposite, namely as romantic, impulsive and energetic people. In Victorian era such concept as “Englishness”, or English national identity, arose. In that period new traditions, new educational system, and new standards of the English language were emerging. Thus, the political, economic, cultural events and shifts in the history of the British nation at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries led to the formation of the modern conceptosphere of the people. This period in the life of Great Britain gave new meanings to many culturally marked signs embodying the material and immaterial culture.

The role of texts’ editing in enriching and redirecting language study paths

The dynamic of the process of text editing across different periods has resulted in the documentation of many linguistic sources of considerable scientific value. Undoubtedly, the emergence of new edited sources will have a highly positive effect on enriching the language study and redirecting its paths towards reviewing some of the postulated judgments or reconsidering them categorically. On the basis of this, this research paper seeks to highlight a problematic related to the extent to which the language study keeps up with the movement of text editing, on the one hand, and to the consequences of no keeping with such a movement, on the other, which sometimes contradict what is expected, as is the case of the reversion of some scientific facts, the false attribution ideas and attitudes, or the issuing of definitive judgments that contradict the scientific reality of the studied phenomena. The research will try to touch upon this problematic and discuss its merits through established scientific facts and clear textual data that were reached from a practical reality related to the context of academic scientific research. These data can be reduced to three models that will be subject to study and analysis. Additionally, in view of finding an objective way out to this problematic, the research concludes that the language study should keep up with the editing process and conduct academic linguistic research in the light of objective variables and new textual data emanating from the texts editing process. This research was based in approaching this subject on the requirements of the descriptive approach, to achieve several results, such as: 1- Reconsidering the outcomes of some previous efforts in the language study, be it at the level of perception, tools, or method; 2- Questioning the language study process and reviewing some of the postulates by some modern linguistic studies and examining them carefully in the light of new edited texts; 3- Making use of the new edited language resources for enriching the language study, redirecting, and evaluating its paths.

Moving Ethnography Online: Analysing the Social Meaning of Manglish in Youth WhatsApp Chats

This article contributes to the changing landscape of fieldwork practices within sociolinguistic research, specifically the practice of online ethnography. It makes a case for the significance of online chats in observing the construction of ethnic identities and social intimacy among young Malaysian English (henceforth Manglish) speakers. The rise of Manglish discourse has been hardly ignored in digital settings. Thus, the rationale for choosing Manglish as a language of communication within online spheres such as Instant Messaging is unclear. This article argues that the socially structured meanings that underlie Manglish practices deserve exploration as it would benefit from online ethnography. Drawing on Androutsopoulos’s (2008) discourse on online ethnographic approach, this paper shows how researchers could use WhatsApp chats to explore the linguistic and social behaviour of Manglish speakers. The findings suggest that the interrelation of speakers’ online behaviour and linguistic choice can denote their ethnicity, in-groupness, stances, and regional identity. Online ethnography is therefore significant and should not be limited to linguistic sources but also used as a mode of participating in, as well as observing, the construction of identity that reflects the ‘offline’ aspect of speakers’ social lives.

Об одном бурятском этнониме в якутской среде: *mököröön > mögürüön ~ möŋürüön ‘Мегюрен’

Introduction. The article examines the onym Megüren (Yak. Möŋürüön < Mögürüön) used as a name of several administrative units in the territory of Yakutia, mainly those included in Meginsky (Yak. Mäŋä) District. The available 17th-century written sources — i.e. earliest Russian-language documents on Yakuts — mention no such onym. And it was E. Pekarsky who already pointed out that the Yakut word mögürüön ‘round-thick’ could be a Mongolic borrowing and, in particular, tended to trace parallels in the Buryat language. Subsequent researchers paid no attention to both the word and the corresponding ethnonym. Goals. The paper aims to analyze origins of the word the ethnic name stems from. Materials and methods. In the absence of early historical accounts, the work explores linguistic sources to investigate phonetic appearances of the Yakut onym in question and comparable data in other languages, primarily Mongolic ones. The latter include not only vocabularies but also materials dealing with personal onomastics. Some folklore elements also prove instrumental in settling the issue. Conclusions. The analysis of phonetic properties inherent to the Yakut ethnonym möŋürüön — in comparison with different forms of the word in Buryat dialects — makes it possible to conclude that it penetrated the Yakut discourse precisely from a language essentially close to western Buryat dialects characterized by the use of /ö/ in the first syllable (/ü/ in standard Buryat) and vowel labialization in non-first syllables. Other features outline the upper chronological limit of the word’s arrival in Yakut to the late 17th century since the observed properties are as follows: /g/ > /ŋ/ assimilation; presence of a long vowel in -VgV- complex, and the intervocalic /g/ from the Mongolic /k/ not yet transformed into the Buryat /χ/

Theoretical achievements of phonetics in the 21st century: Phonetics of voice quality

Twenty years after the publication of a special issue in this journal on non-modal phonation (JPhon 2001: 49(4)), the phonetic study of voice quality has shown impressive progress. Here I focus on what we have learnt over these years about the linguistic sources of voice quality modulation. I stress how voice quality has a role to play in all of speech: among its many functions, the voice is involved in the articulation of all sounds, and voice quality is worth investigating as much for “modal” consonants and vowels as for contrastive phonation type. The voice also encodes structure at many prosodic levels: sub-lexical, lexical, and post-lexical. I further highlight some of the important technological developments and refinement of various voice quality models that have led to progress in the phonetic study of voice quality. Reviewing all of the above, one can only conclude that human voice has a central role to play in the phonetician’s pursuit towards understanding spoken language.

Developing Communicative Professional Competence in Future Economic Specialists in the Conditions of Postmodernism

A detailed analysis of psycho-pedagogical, methodological and linguistic sources in the article has allowed one to justify and build a holistic model of developing communicative professional competence in economics students. This author’s model includes the interrelated components of communicative professional activities (motivation and goals; orientation and cognition; functions and activities; evaluation and correction), criteria for their assessment and levels of communicative professional competence in economics students (high, average, low). The following pedagogical conditions have been presented in the context of the research: modelling probable professional communicative situations in the educational process; ensuring communicative professional orientation of information and communication technologies; strengthening the subjective position of students during communicative professional training. Their effective use in the educational process contributes to developing the motivational sphere of students, improving their knowledge of languages ​​and other academic courses, enhancing their abilities to apply the obtained knowledge in practice and adequately assess themselves as specialists. The international relevance of the article lies in offering guidelines for educational institutions that strive to enhance the educational processes in a postmodern society.

THE INTERACTION OF LINGUISTIC AND CONCEPTUAL PICTURES OF THE WORLD

The article analyzes the notions of linguistic and conceptual pictures of the world and reveals the peculiarities of their interaction. It was found that in linguistics, the picture of the world is generally understood as an ordered set of knowledge about reality, which is formed in the social, group and individual consciousness. As a result of the analysis of modern linguistic sources it is established that the picture of the world is a complex system of images that reflect reality in the collective and individual consciousness. The picture of the world consists of conceptual and linguistic pictures that are interdependent. The conceptual picture of the world is a field of thought, which is a set of ideas, concepts and knowledge about the world around us and the principles of its organization, and language is a product of verbal realization of these concepts, ideas and knowledge. Linguistic reading of the picture of the world is nationally specific. The national linguistic picture of the world is seen as an ethnically determined understanding and evaluation of the surrounding world in relation to a particular ethnic group, reflected in linguistic forms.

Новые челобитные жителей Переславля-Залесского и его уезда из русского архива Яна Сапеги

Introduction. The article describes the documents of the Russian archive of Y.P. Sapieha of 1608– 1611, which supplement the systematized fund of Pereslavl-Zalessky and its county as part of the previously reconstructed collection of papers. Methods and materials. The methods of source analysis, elements of archeographic, paleographic, linguistic source characteristics of texts are used. Published materials discovered by the Swedish researcher E. Lefstrand in the State Archive of Sweden, contain little-known episodes from the life of Pereslavl county, reflected in the petitions of representatives of different strata of the population submitted to the impostor False Dmitry I, and Hetman Sapieha in the period from mid-autumn to the end of 1608. Analysis. The new documents, as their study shows, significantly replenish one of the sections of the Sapieha Russian archive, which includes letters, formal responses and petitions from residents of Zamoskovye and Pomerania. Results. In the process of multidimensional analysis, new information of a documentary-substantive and pragmatic nature was revealed, clarifying the actions of the government army under the command of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky in the situation around Pereslavl-Zalessky, shedding light on important details of the functioning of the Tushinsky regime in the Zamoskovye and the circumstances of the overthrow of the power of the Poles in the captured county lands; the role of petitioning as a form of fixing reliable information about the events that took place and their direct participants. Authors’ contribution. N.E. Tyumentseva correlated the papers with the sections of the reconstructed archive and with the available chronological information, gave an archaeographic description of the documents; N.A. Tupikova read the texts, outlined the principles of their reproduction, carried out a source analysis and general editing of the article.

Features of mixed-transitional dialects of Nadvirna region

Grounded on the comparison of consolidated maps of typical isoglosses, based on the material of more than 50 maps of distribution of lexical-semantic and phonetic phenomena in the dialects of Nadvirna district of Ivano-Frankivsk region, the article reveals opposing structural-territorial integrations within the dialectal continuum of Nadvirna region, defines zone of mixed-transitional sub-dialects of Hutsul-Pokuthian, Hutsul-Upperdnistrian, Upperdnistrian-Pokuthian types and describes their features. In particular, it is noted that sub-dialects located at the confluence of the Pokuthian and Upperdnistrian, Pokuthian and Hutsul, Upperdnistrian and Hutsul dialects appeared as a result of contact between genetically related dialects. Previous studies of dialectologists on mixed and transitional sub-dialects are analyzed. Characteristic features of transitional and mixed dialects are generalized from linguistic sources about transitional and mixed sub-dialects of different linguistic-territorial formations. It is established that sub-dialects, located in the contact zone of Hutsul, Upperdnistrian, Pokuthian dialects are a distinct type of sub-dialects – mixed-transitional, which combine features of mixed and transitional. It is found that mixed-transitional sub-dialects of dialectal adjacencies of Nadvirna region are characterized by combination of different dialectal features, extinction of vocabulary and semantics, which are characteristic of the nexus of dialects, the emergence of contaminated forms, active enrichment of sub-dialects with synonymous rows, preservation of archaic meanings. At the same time, their systems do not undergo radical changes, show signs of mechanical mixing of elements of adjacent dialects. Keywords: areology of Nadvirna region, transitional sub-dialects, mixed sub-dialects, mixed-transitional sub-dialects, dialect boundary.