Запозичення як спосіб номінації їжі та напоїв у центральноподільських говірках / Borrowing as a way of nominating food and drinks in the Central Podillya dialect

Abstract

The article presents a description and systematization of lexical borrowings in the Central Podillia dialect in 10 settlements of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions. The object of study is the Central Podillia dialect, because this area has a high heuristic potential for studing the mechanisms of interlanguage contact: Podillia is located on the border of different states, on the borders of the lands of different peoples, the borders of the Kyiv, Volyn and Halytsky principalities, the Tatar uluses, of the Principality of Lithuania, Poland, Moldova and Turkey, Russia and Austria came together here at different times. The subject of the analysis is the names of food and drinks. In the analyzed dialect materials, it was recorded 98 lexemes (17.8% of all nomens) for food and drinks, the etymons of which go back to Indo-European, Turkic, Caucasian, Finno-Hungarian, Sino-Tibetan languages. The largest number of borrowings in the thematic group of food and drink names of the Central Podillia dialect is attested from the languages of the Indo-European language family. The most frequently borrowed lexemes were recorded from the Romance group (41 nomens), in particular from the following languages: French (18 nomens), Latin (11 nomens), Italian (8 nomens), Romanian (3 nomens), Spanish (1 nomen). The least represented Greek language group, from which 6 nomens were borrowed. Many borrowings (24 nomens) are attested from Slavic languages, in particular from Russian (12 nomens), Polish (11 nomens) and Czech (1 nomen) languages. The Germanic group of languages, in particular German (12 nomens) and English (2 nomens), is also represented by various names for food and drinks in the dialects of Central Podillia. The following language families were less popular for borrowing the names of food and drinks in the dialects of Podillia: Turkic (6 nomens), Finno-Hungarian (3 nomens), Caucasian (3 nomens) and Sino-Tibetan (1 nomen). The established genetic affiliation of the identified lexical borrowings to a specific linguistic source is determined by historical, socio-economic, political and cultural factors of the development of Podillia. In the future, the analysis of isolex borrowings in the Podillia dialect may become a perspective for the study of foreign loanwords in the dialects of Podillia.