UKRAINISMS IN THE POLISH LANGUAGE: ETYMOLOGY AND SEMANTICS

Abstract

Cultural, political, economic ties between peoples contribute to the emergence of mutual borrowing. Many lexemes in the Ukrainian language come from Polish, and the Polish language, in turn, borrows from Ukrainian. Lexical borrowings from the Ukrainian language in Polish written records appeared lay for a long period of XVI-XIX centuries. Ukrainian lexical elements had an influence on the formation of the lexical composition of the Polish literary language, which was especially noticeable in the period of romanticism in the work of representatives of the «Ukrainian school» in Polish literature. This article examines Ukrainian lexical borrowings in the literary Polish language on the basis of «Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych i trudnych», their matter, semantics, grammatical adaptation, the connotation of lexemes, and above all the etymology of borrowings. The dictionary does not always indicate the mediating functions of one or another language, including Ukrainian, in the borrowing process. In this regard, some Turkicisms that entered the Polish language through Ukrainian are presented as Ukrainianisms. But the majority of lexemes, which the source dictionary defines as Ukrainianisms, have a Turkic origin, which suggests the mediating role of the Ukrainian language. Ukrainianism are mainly related to the subject of «man», as well as to his activities, in particular domestic and military, demonstrate equivalence of semantics and belong to oral borrowings, assigned mostly in Polish to a lesser extent. Among the borrowings there are obsolete and polysemous words. The article emphasizes the historical process of language integration, particularly Slavic languages.