Linguistic Grounds Research Articles

Linguistic foundations of teaching neologisms of pharmaceutical terms in medical institutions

Linguistic foundations of teaching neologisms of pharmaceutical terms in medical institutions

Lexical Expressions with Temporal Semantics: the Corpus Study

The field of study that can be named “temporal semantics” is marked by the domination of grammatical studies. The researchers’ interest is focused on the tense and the aspect, lexical expressions with temporal meaning stay in the background. Obviously, it is grammatical means that for the most part express temporal meanings: they are present in most languages and in every sentence in these languages. However, lexical means can convey the same information. We argue that the cataloging of lexical means and comparing the systems of these means in different languages allow us to outline the boundaries of human perception of time and to better understand what is universal and what is specific in it. Our goal is to conduct a corpus study of temporal lexical expressions in the Russian language. To do this, we developed an annotation scheme and performed a pilot markup on some fragments of the SynTagRus. The paper describes our annotation scheme and provides linguistic grounds for the decisions made during its development. We also compare our annotation scheme with the TimeML scheme, the most used annotation scheme for temporal information in the world. We show that despite the elaborated structure and a large set of elements, TimeML fails to grasp some important fragments of the expressions’ semantics. The proposed annotation scheme is more expressive and flexible and suits for the annotation of the complex examples: sekretarša na minutu vyšla (‘the secretary left for a minute’), delatʹ čto-libo tretij čas podrjad (‘do something more than two hours in succession’ – literally ‘for the third hour in a row’).

«Мы оба учились у Густава, пророка Эдмунда на Руси». Александр Реформатский и Роман Якобсон о живом языке и внутренней речи

The article reflects on the philosophical origins of semiotic and structuralist ideas that developed in linguistics in the 1960s. and have not lost their signifi­cance for the development of modern humanitarian knowledge. Appeal to them is not just of historical and scientific significance. They bring us back to the sub­jects that are important for the actualization of Russian philosophical thought of the 20th century. A.A. Reformatsky and R.O. Jakobson were Shpet’s students and communicated with him in various philosophical and scientific communi­ties. The author traces how Shpet’s phenomenological and hermeneutical con­structions influenced Reformatsky’s phonological research and R. Jacobson’s communicative linguistic concept. Shpet’s influence on Jakobson has already been studied in the historical and philosophical literature, but this comparison is not enough to reveal the scientific potential of Shpet’s ideas in their entirety, since it does not allow us to evaluate the transformations that these ideas experi­enced after they migrate to the humanities in 1960 in USSR. An appeal to the conceptual constructions of Reformatsky opens up an opportunity for us to rein­terpret the role of Shpet’s ideas in the development of the science of language and trace their further return to philosophy. But the phrase “We both learned from Gustav…”, expressed by Reformatsky in a letter to Jakobson in 1975, to­day can be attributed not only to philologists and linguists but also to philo­sophers. The purpose of this article is to show the methodological potential of Shpet’s ideas, transferred by Jakobson and Reformatsky to linguistic grounds, for modern philosophical approaches to the phenomenon of language.

الروافد اللسانية لترسيخ الملَكة اللغوية في ضوء الانغماس اللغوي دراسة مفاهيمية تأصيلية من التراث العربي

Linguistic Sources that Contribute to Anchoring the Language Faculty in the Light of the Language Immersion Strategy: A Conceptual Study based on Ancient Arab Heritage
 One of the actual results of this study was the attainment of a progressive concept of linguistic immersion through authentic Arab heritage practices. The application of the language immersion strategy is based on the teaching of the target language and thus a new language. This strategy can also be used to improve the level of language and to remedy the linguistic vulnerability often faced by the learner of Modern Standard Arabic through specific stages and controls. Language immersion is based on the equation of continuous communication in the target language, without recourse to translation and grammar. One of the strategies that has proved to be effective in consolidating the language faculty and improving communication in the target language, in Arabic or in any other foreign language, can be traced back to ancient Arab practices and tradition in a form consistent with modern linguistics. Thus, this strategy revolves around entering into linguistic isolation for a certain period of time. We therefore chose to shed light on this subject with the aim of answering the following questions: What are the linguistic foundations which contribute to anchoring the language faculty in the light of the language immersion strategy? An inductive study was conducted in order to answer this question and other sub-questions, and which helps us to closely examine the nature of ancient Arab practices and the normative terminology of modern linguistics. For the purposes of this study, a number of Arabic and foreign resources were consulted

BASICS AND PROBLEMS OF USING THE TERMS «ШААРКУРУУ-ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО-URBAN РLANNING»

In the Kyrgyz language, a number of works have been done to develop the linguistic foundations of certain terminological systems. However, showing the lexical-semantic, grammatical and other features of construction terminology, its place in the development of the literary language remains outside the field of view of researchers. The solution of this problem in a broad and comprehensive linguistic aspect is acquiring important scientific significance not only for terminology, but also for Kyrgyz linguistics in general. This determines the relevance of the topic we have chosen.

Mori Arimasa’s Concept of <i>Experience</i>

The article introduces and reconstructs the main ideas of the book Experience and Thought by Mori Arimasa. Released in the form of journal publications in 1970–1972, it has never been translated into European languages. The Japanese philosopher who spent a large part of his life in France undertakes a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural and linguistic foundations of the experience of the Japanese and Europeans. The article examines the main aspects of Mori’s concept of experience: understanding experience as a reality and as a subject, separation of two forms of experience — universal and personal, the relationship between experience and language and between experience and thought, the theory of binary connections and second person world, designed to identify and explain the underlying prerequisites that determine the specific character of the experience of the Japanese. The author of the article shows that Mori confirms his own thesis that the primary experience of a person is conditioned by original cultural deep predisposition and linguistic affiliation. Notwithstanding his life abroad and passion for Western philosophy, Mori thinks in about the same way as his fellow philosophers who lived in Japan, sharing their empiricism, understanding the subject as a relatum, perceiving an individual subjective experience as a segment of the universal experience, interpreting a subject as a sum total of relations. In conclusion, Mori’s ideas are assessed in terms of ethno-epistemological approaches. Undoubtedly, Mori’s analysis of the experience provides arguments for epistemological pluralism. It allows us to talk about the variability of the perception of reality in different cultural and historical contexts and about the possibility of different ways and perspectives of its comprehension, the spatial and temporal dynamics of epistemological terminology, despite the apparent commonality. Mori Arimasa taking experience as the starting point and the main task of his analysis, by his own example, demonstrated the importance of the empirical form of acquiring knowledge for Japanese epistemic culture, along with its inherent specificity of understanding experience. His linguistic studies of the structures of the native language resulted in the creation of a memorable image of the second person world and outlined the field of joint collective experience without a clearly expressed single autonomous subject of cognitive activity. Mori demonstrated an approach to cognition, in which the knower feels oneself a part of the cognized reality, and is not alienated from it, as a result the cognition turns into self-cognition of reality.

War yesterday and today: The image of Russia in British media discourse

The paper focuses on diachronic framing analysis of Russias images in British media discourse. The importance of the research is determined by a need to work out adequate linguistic foundations to counteract information war, generated by some foreign media and aimed at distorting Russias history and eroding its spiritual values. Few scholars have drawn on any systematic research into analysis of Russias images in foreign media discourses of different historical spans. The major objective is to compare Russias images and their emotional charge in the British media in chronologically divided periods of war and peace under the influence of changing historical and ideological factors. The authors account for the mechanisms by which Russias images are framed and transformed in the contexts of the largest war of the XX century and the information war of the XXI century. The material comprises 500 samples per period. The data covering two historical spans are investigated through a framing approach. The criteria for diachronic analysis are dominant diagnostic and prognostic frames, constituting the macroframe WAR. The significant difference in Russias images in war- and peacetime consists in their emotive load: Russias contemporary negative images are contrasted to positive images activated in the retrospective period. The findings support the idea that British media discourse focusing on Russia is subject-centered: Russias image is determined by the geopolitical situation, Great Britains political priorities and objectives, and the bilateral relationship between the countries. The results can be used to further develop the linguistic basics of war theory.

LINGUISTIC FOUNDATIONS OF TERMINOLOGY ACCORDING TO MAHMOUD FAHMY HEGAZY THE INTERSECTION OF CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY AND MODERN LINGUISTICS AS AN EXAMPLE

Linguistic research is based on two principles: the specific and the general. The specific aspect is ‎linked to the fact that linguistics is considered as an autonomous science having its ‎scientific ‎ characteristics which distinguish it from other human sciences. And given its particular interest in ‎language, it has its internal and external foundations and its own objectives. It describes the ‎structure of the language, seeks to know its secrets, explores its rules which control its fundamental ‎structure, and among other things delves into its sound, structural and semantic characteristics in ‎order to put a set of universal rules.‎ As for the general aspect, it is linked to the relationship existing between linguistics and the ‎other sciences: a relationship of mutual influence.‎ Linguistic research has played a major role in the institution of contemporary Arab critical ‎terminology starting from its beginning in the 1960s.‎ Critical research aims to institute critical terminology according to a system influenced by the ‎descriptive approach in the institution of thematic and conceptual oriented terminology.‎ This article aims to highlight the collaborative relationship between linguistic research and ‎critical research. So what are the limits of this collaboration, What are the linguistic bases of terminology according to the perception of Mahmoud Fahmy ‎Hegazy in his The Linguistic Foundations of Terminology as a model reflecting the efforts of ‎Arabs in the field of critical linguistics‎.

Foreign Language Course for General Education on the Basis of Learner’s Knowledge －Focusing on the case of a 〈Basic German course〉 at the H. University

Foreign language courses for General Education generally suffer from poor conditions when it comes to the promotion of the communicative competence of learners. This is due to the predominance of frontal teaching, an insufficient number of lessons, different learner language portfolios, etc. However, learners present many advantages for language acquisition, e.g., the linguistic foundation provided by their mother tongue, their world knowledge, and their English learning experience. Therefore, the limits of the foreign language course for General Education may be overcome by the learners themselves. Thus, such courses should not focus on communicative competence, but rather should serve to strengthen the characteristics of General Education. Above all, motivating learners and promoting autonomous learning are the most important tasks that foreign language courses for General Education should strive to achieve.

Being ‘in Christ’ in the Letters of Paul.

Being ‘in Christ’ in the Letters of Paul.

'My Name is Growing All the Time': Entish, or the Possibility of a Natural Language

ABSTRACT Plato explores in Cratylus two opposing views on the nature of the relation between names and the objects they designate, effectively inaugurating the linguistic naturalism-conventionalism debate that is far from being over. In light of this debate, the purpose of this essay is to turn to The Lord of the Rings in search of what a ‘real’ natural language might look like, exploring Entish, the language spoken by the Tree-herds of Fangorn Forest, as an instance of natural language in the terms exposed by Cratylus. I will build on Tolkien’s insistence on the linguistic foundation of his legendarium in order to focus on the philological grounds for the conception of the Ents and their language, and briefly relate these findings with recent research on tree communication. Even though Tolkien does not offer many instances of Entish, Treebeard’s remarks on its most outstanding characteristics provide enough ground for analysis.

LINGUISTIC FRAMEWORK OF COMMUNICATIVE IMPACT: THEORETICAL DIMENSION

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of communicative influence, where the main attention is paid to its theoretical consideration in linguistics. The purpose of our article is to consider the linguistic foundations of communicative influence in the theoretical aspect. The aim is to solve the following tasks: to find out the linguistic nature of the impact; outline the influential potential of language; identify the main factors that laid the foundation of the linguistic doctrine of communicative influence, consider the suggestions of language levels. The object of research was the phenomenon of communicative influence, and the subject was the linguistic component of communicative influence.The theoretical value of our intelligence lies in the deepening of knowledge about the features of communicative influence as a complex phenomenon, in particular the systematization of knowledge about the linguistic component. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used in teaching Vyshiv courses in modern Ukrainian (lexicology, morphology, syntax), stylistics, communicative and psycholinguistics, suggestive linguistics, theory of language communication and others. The close connection of all warehouse communicative influences is outlined ‒ physiological, psychological and linguistic, where the latter is the main, leading. Suggestions / suggestogens of language levels are considered and it is proposed to analyze them according to the degree of intensity of actualization of marked saturation. This word has been proven to be a powerful weapon of conscious / unconscious processes, as it has the ability to reflect and shape mental experience. Penetrating to the level of deep structures with the help of certain words, the addressee can detect the hidden mental processes reflected in the speech patterns of the addressee, and influence them. We see the prospects of the research in further in-depth study of the suggestions of each language level in influential discourses.

Assessing business process complexity based on textual data: Evidence from ITIL IT ticket processing

PurposeThis study aims to draw the attention of business process management (BPM) research and practice to the textual data generated in the processes and the potential of meaningful insights extraction. The authors apply standard natural language processing (NLP) approaches to gain valuable knowledge in the form of business process (BP) complexity concept suggested in the study. It is built on the objective, subjective and meta-knowledge extracted from the BP textual data and encompassing semantics, syntax and stylistics. As a result, the authors aim to create awareness about cognitive, attention and reading efforts forming the textual data-based BP complexity. The concept serves as a basis for the development of various decision-support solutions for BP workers.Design/methodology/approachThe starting point is an investigation of the complexity concept in the BPM literature to develop an understanding of the related complexity research and to put the textual data-based BP complexity in its context. Afterward, utilizing the linguistic foundations and the theory of situation awareness (SA), the concept is empirically developed and evaluated in a real-world application case using qualitative interview-based and quantitative data-based methods.FindingsIn the practical, real-world application, the authors confirmed that BP textual data could be used to predict BP complexity from the semantic, syntactic and stylistic viewpoints. The authors were able to prove the value of this knowledge about the BP complexity formed based on the (1) professional contextual experience of the BP worker enriched by the awareness of cognitive efforts required for BP execution (objective knowledge), (2) business emotions enriched by attention efforts (subjective knowledge) and (3) quality of the text, i.e. professionalism, expertise and stress level of the text author, enriched by reading efforts (meta-knowledge). In particular, the BP complexity concept has been applied to an industrial example of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) change management (CHM) Information Technology (IT) ticket processing. The authors used IT ticket texts from two samples of 28,157 and 4,625 tickets as the basis for the analysis. The authors evaluated the concept with the help of manually labeled tickets and a rule-based approach using historical ticket execution data. Having a recommendation character, the results showed to be useful in creating awareness regarding cognitive, attention and reading efforts for ITIL CHM BP workers coordinating the IT ticket processing.Originality/valueWhile aiming to draw attention to those valuable insights inherent in BP textual data, the authors propose an unconventional approach to BP complexity definition through the lens of textual data. Hereby, the authors address the challenges specified by BPM researchers, i.e. focus on semantics in the development of vocabularies and organization- and sector-specific adaptation of standard NLP techniques.

Современная лексика немецкого языка в свете любительской языковой критики

The research objectives are as follows: to reveal specificity of the modern German vocabulary from the viewpoint of amateur criticism, to identify linguistic foundations for critical assessment of lexical phenomena. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the lexical processes associated with the criticized language phenomena, reveals their causes, which constitutes scientific originality of the study. As a result, it is shown that amateur linguistic criticism covers the following lexical phenomena: borrowing, word-formation, meaning transfer (metaphorization, euphemization), specificity of contextual usage of words and word combinations.

“It sounds like elves talking” – Polish migrants in Aberystwyth (Wales) and their impressions of the Welsh language

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to gain a better understanding of the perceptions of the Welsh language held by the Polish adult migrants in Aberystwyth, Wales. Using qualitative research methods, we collected data from participants concerning their perceptions of the sound and spelling system of Welsh. Data obtained showed that adult Poles in Aberystwyth perceive the phonetics and phonotactics of Welsh to be markedly different from that of their native Polish. The participants believed Welsh to have small number of vowels and large number of consonantal clusters. By comparing consonantal and vowel inventories we were able to demonstrate that Welsh has a more complex vowel inventory than Polish. The consonantal inventories of both languages show great similarities and should not pose major problems to Polish learners of Welsh, who are also speakers of English. As for the phonotactics, Polish possesses a far more complex inventory of consonantal clusters than Welsh. We show that claims of the study’s participants that Welsh pronunciation is markedly different from Polish is not based on the linguistic grounds. Instead, such claims must be rooted in the social and ideological perceptions of the Welsh language on the part of the participants in the study.

Wittgenstein’s Bridge A Linguistic Account of Visual Representation

This paper uses structure-mapping to bridge the divide between the analytical and visual culture traditions of image interpretation. Wittgenstein’s analytic ‘picture theory of meaning’ from his early period, and his cultural theory of ‘meaning as use’ from his later period are used to show that the terms similarity, analogy and metaphor can be applied to both image and linguistic interpretation. As a result, by the mapping of similarity and analogy onto the analytic approach, and by the mapping of metaphor onto the visual culture approach, a common linguistic ground for the comparison of these two approaches to image interpretation can be established.

Improving the process of learning numerals in the 6th grade by applying algorithms. Part 1. The grammatical signs of types of numeral and features of their spelling and declension

The purpose of this article is to present a system for learning numerals in the 6th grade based on the methodology for compiling grammatical algorithms. The author examines the grammatical signs of the numerals’ types and the features of their spelling and declination, as well as the most grammatically difficult cases of numerals and nouns combinations. This article employs the collective and independent observation of students working with the grammatical material, its table systematization, and the algorithm compilation. The use of algorithms at the Russian language lessons creates the necessary linguistic foundation for improving the students’ speech culture; it also forms their algorithmic thinking and improves their spelling literacy.

Microaggression or misunderstanding? Implicatures, inferences and accountability

This paper contributes a pragmatic perspective to the complex question of how to classify microaggressions that are committed via linguistic means. Given that microaggressions are often communicated implicitly, two key questions arise: (i) on what linguistic grounds is a recipient licensed to infer that a microaggression has been committed, and (ii) to what extent can a speaker claim they have been misunderstood and hence deny responsibility for having committed a microaggression? These questions are addressed through a discussion of the nature of implicature, inferences and accountability, highlighting that a key challenge lies in the fact that microaggressive content is typically not part of the representational content of what is achieved in interaction.

Anti-Russian trends in Ukraine's foreign policy

The article analyzes the main stages of the development of the political subjectivity of Ukraine, its formation as an independent state entity. Geographically located within the historical Old Russian principalities, despite its deep historical roots, nevertheless, it belongs to the category of "young" European states, the independent development of which dates back a little more than 30 years. The collapse of the USSR created the conditions for the development of Ukraine as a sovereign state. Nevertheless, the opportunities provided for the effective development of Ukrainian statehood were not realized. The result of ill-conceived, chaotic transformations was the development of crisis processes in all spheres of life of Ukrainian society. A special stage in the development of modern statehood of Ukraine and the implementation of its anti-Russian foreign policy course was the events related to the coup d'etat in Kiev in February 2014. The protests that began in November 2013, related to the suspension of the signing of the Association Agreement with the European Union, eventually led to mass riots and a coup d'etat in Kiev on February 22–23, 2014. After the coup d'etat, the activities of the Ukrainian leadership that came to power are aimed at forming the image of the enemy in the person of Russia, guilty of all the troubles and troubles, the failed "Ukrainian showcase of Europe". The most significant results of the transformation of Ukraine's statehood that followed the coup d'etat were the destruction of the entire spectrum of bilateral relations and ties with Russia, the construction of an enemy image in Russia, progressive Russophobia, an internal political civilizational split in society, discrimination of the population of Ukraine on linguistic and religious grounds, and other destructive political processes. The influence of negative factors on the situation in Ukraine is significantly aggravated by the presence of a complex of unresolved internal political problems that generate a split in Ukrainian society, instability and escalation of tension and conflict. The article defines the main directions of the current stage of development of the Ukrainian state. The main directions of further escalation of the Ukrainian crisis are identified. The main sources and reasons for the implementation of the anti — Russian trend in Ukraine's foreign policy, the implementation of the concept of Ukraine — "Anti-Russia"are revealed.

The Role of Language in Professional Identity Formation: Linguodidactic Aspect

The article analyses and demonstrates the practical application of the authors’ method of specialist’s professional identity formation through foreign language classes (English, advanced level). The methodology is based on the principle of shaping professional linguistic personality as a central element of professional identity. The authors identify the correlation dependence of the indicated phenomena, on the basis of which the linguistic foundation of the study is built - the selection and analysis of language material through the method of conceptual linguistic engineering of professional identity. Due to the presented complex linguistic analysis, the authors collect a corpus of textual and language units - a working thesaurus which forms the linguistic basis of the entire educational process of forming a professional linguistic personality.Content-wise, the methodology is based on thematic planning, which is as close as possible to the professional activities of the future specialist. For example, the topics proposed for discussion by the students inthe described pilot manual substantially duplicate the main stages of the business plan. This structure allows us to purposefully form the professional language personality of the student, as well as the necessary professional competencies.The obligatory project component as the final element of each thematic stage contributes to a deeper consolidation of the mastered language material and practical skills in a certain, profession-given, activity format. The entire process of forming the professional language personality is based on a comprehensive systematic study of productive language skills (speaking, writing).The offered technique promotes not only the deep study of linguistic skills and development of the future profession discourse space but also develops a wide range of soft skills especially demanded by employers nowadays.