Linguistic Disciplines Research Articles

Ancient European Ethnic Groups as Cultural Identities (A Case Study of the Iron Age Celts)

The origin and widespread of ethnic and cultural entities, such as the Celts, Germans, Slavs, Scythians etc. remain an essential problem for both archaeologists and linguists. The article reassesses the main concepts of the Iron Age Celtic origin, including the traditional “Celts from Central Europe” approach, “the Celts from West” hypothesis, as well as the most recent assumptions according to which the Celts were just a historiographic cliché produced by the Classical authors. It seems that neither of these concepts could be accepted as an explanation of the Celtic origin; however, it is still possible to find common ground in understanding the “Celtic phenomenon” by synthesizing the disciplines of history, linguistics, archaeology, and population genetics. First of all, the Classical authors indeed used to attach an ethnic label Celts/Galatians/Gauls to various groups of population in Europe. However, there is no doubt that most of these groups in fact used some Celtic dialects. As far as the ethnic name Celts/Galatians/Gauls comes from the Celtic languages, it is highly likely that it was used by the Celts themselves at least to some extent (for example, as a sign of belonging to certain social group). Despite the concept of the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures seems to be outdated, the archaeology still proves that most of the “Celtic tribes” shared some common features of craftsmanship, art, religious beliefs, and rituals. At the same time, genetic studies and isotope analyzes of the remains of buried at the Hallstatt and La Tène cemeteries in various regions of Europe, clearly show that there were no major migrations of population during the Iron Age which potentially could lead to the emergence of Celts as a distinct ethnic group. There were rather small-scale migrations and social contacts (i. e., marriage, fosterage etc.), as well as an exchange of goods, technologies and ideas that played a crucial role in widespread of the Celtic identity. The author puts forward an idea that the Celticness once became a prestigious cultural concept for social elite of distinct groups of the barbaric population throughout the Europe.

The Concept of Generalised Syllabi of the Discipline «Foreign Language» for Non-Linguistics Major Courses of Study

The paper raises the issue of the relevance of creating generalized syllabi for each enlarged group of majors, when teaching linguistic disciplines of compulsory and optional parts of the curriculum related to the subject area «Foreign Language». The authors show the need for generalized syllabi as being grounded by existing controversies in modern foreign language training. The paper suggests a concept that substantiates the demand for targeted generalized syllabi for this discipline and contains a number of principles, which can help to design their optimal content. The notions of «zones of near and further content and competence integration» are introduced. The content of these zones is revealed, and their role in modelling the key components of generalized syllabi is shown. Integrated foreign language professional communicative competence of an engineering graduate is introduced as a prospective model of foreign language competence. It is regarded as an integrative notion combining traditional components of communicative competence with professional knowledge, skills and experience involved in the process of mastering cross-cultural professional communication. The realization of the concept principles in the content of generalized syllabi aims at the reflection of university graduates’ real foreign language communication needs in their professional activity in learning outcomes in accordance with the FSES HE 3 ++. The authors express certainty that the concept of generalized syllabi will allow to initiate the process of their creation and will become a stimulus to the development of foreign language teaching methodology in a non-linguistics university.

Where predatory and mainstream journals differ: A study of language and linguistics journals

AbstractThis study examined editorial differences between potential predatory and mainstream journals in the discipline of language and linguistics. A keyword search of the relevant journals on Beall's updated list of potential predatory journals led to a sample of 66 journals. An equal number of journals were selected from those indexed by Web of Science (WoS) via stratified random sampling. Analyses showed that the two groups of journals did not differ in terms of certain publication frequencies, mean number of annual articles, mention of peer review time, availability of the author guides and aims/scope sections, absence of editorial boards, mean number of editorial board numbers, article processing charge (APC) for open access, claimed indexation by ERIC and DOAJ and availability of ISSNs. However, these two groups of journals differed markedly in terms of contact information, years of editorial activity, certain publication frequencies, specialized focus, mention of acceptance rate, mean peer review time, claimed adoption of peer review, submission mode, listing of editors‐in‐chief, relevance of their expertise, mean number of editors, relevance of the editorial board members' expertise, mean APC, claimed indexation by Google Scholar/Scopus/WoS, reporting of fake impact factors, provision of Index Copernicus Value, claimed COPE membership, availability of ethical guidelines and various policies and existence of DOIs. These differences can be used as warning signs that a journal may not be legitimate.

ANALYSIS OF A REALISTIC DISCOURSE: BEREKETLİ TOPRAKLAR ÜZERİNDE

Roman bir sanat eseri olmasının yanında okuyucuyla buluştuğu anda iletişim aracına dönüşür. Bu bağlamda roman içinde bulunduğu toplumun dünya görüşü, ideolojisi, yaşam biçimi, kültürü, insan ilişkileri açısından çarpıcı bilgiler verir. Özellikle siyasi, kültürel, ideolojik ve ekonomik kırılmaların yaşandığı dönemlerde romanlar içinde bulundukları dönemlere dair yansımalar içerirler. Roman türünün bu işlevlerini ön plana çıkarmak amacıyla kaleme alınan, Türk edebiyatına yön veren ve yazıldığı dönemde yankılar uyandıran birçok romanın varlığından söz edilebilir. Bu tür eserlerin eleştirel bir yaklaşımla, disiplinler arası bir bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmesi günümüz toplum kurgusunun anlaşılmasında oldukça önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.
 Dilbilim çağı olarak adlandırılan 21. yüzyılda, romanların dilbilimin farklı disiplinleri ile ele alınması onların dil, ideoloji ve sosyoloji zenginliğinin ortaya çıkarılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Birer söylem olarak ele alabileceğimiz romanların söylem çözümlemesi gibi güncel yöntem ve teknikler içeren bir disiplinle incelenmesi romanların sadece yazınsal bir tür olmadığının göstergesi olacaktır. Bu çalışmada yazıldığı dönemde ve sonrasında büyük yankı uyandıran Bereketli Topraklar Üzerinde adlı romanın James Paul Gee’nin söylem kuramı ve söylem çözümleme yöntemine göre analizi yapılacaktır. Bu çalışma ile araştırmacılara çoklu bakış açıları, farklı yorumlamalar ve daha fazla yaratıcılık imkânı sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.

Objects of Cultural-Cognitive Analysis in Comparative Lexicography

Introduction. The article deals with the linguocultural units of value considering them as the main objects of cultural and cognitive analysis to obtain data for compiling nationally oriented lexicographic sources, namely, a nationally oriented linguistic and cultural dictionary for the Vietnamese who study Russian. The authors of the article argue that the implementation of a detailed analysis of value-marked elements that reflect cultural facts and realities, which are rooted in the national linguistic consciousness, is a recurrent theme in modern comparative lexicography. The scientific novelty and significance of the study are based on the practical application of its findings in the field of comparative lexicography, a successfully developing scientific area.Methodology and sources. The article focuses on a comparative study of phraseological units of Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. The comparative study is carried out using interpretive analysis as well as analysis of definitions. There are used data from dictionaries of various types.Results and discussion. The key objects of cultural and cognitive analysis are linguocultural units reflecting the realities of culture and values of a particular nation. The material of the study allowed the authors to consider some characteristics of the conceptual division of the world and of its conceptualization with the assistance of language distinctive for both Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. Thus, a comparative analysis of Russian and Vietnamese set phrases, which reflect the peculiarities of the national worldview, made it possible to draw conclusions about the existing national and cultural differences between Russians and Vietnamese, and, that is most importantly, about the existing of discrepancies in the attitude of Vietnamese and Russians to certain values - a circumstance, that must be taken into account in development of linguistic and cultural educational lexicography.Conclusion. The concept of nationally oriented educational lexicography as a special field in a number of other linguistic disciplines aims at fulfilling the tasks of acquiring foreign cultural awareness avoiding any possible interference. The importance of nationally oriented educational lexicography arises from the need to create such teaching aids that will most adequately facilitate the process of foreign language mastering. In our specific case, it will assist a Vietnamese to study the Russian language as a means of intercultural communication.

Theoretical and Methodological Principles of Teaching Professional English to Future Doctors

Modern social processes determine new vital areas of reconstruction of the educational process in higher medical school on the way to teaching future professionals in all fields of medicine. The objective reality of Ukraine’s development today is the expansion of international ties and integration into the European community. Medical professionals' knowledge of foreign languages ​​is becoming essential in such circumstances. The article aims to develop and scientifically substantiate methodological concepts and theoretical bases of the English language professional teaching of future doctors in higher medical schools, characterize the levels of English professional knowledge of medical students, analyze the findings and imply them to future research and practice. The pedagogical conditions of English-language professional teaching of future doctors such as motivational stability and awareness of the need to learn English for further professional communication; integration of professional and linguistic (English-speaking) disciplines in the educational process of the higher medical school; creation of the developmental English-speaking professional environment in medical higher schools; involvement of future doctors in active English-speaking professionally-oriented activities were defined and substantiated. The authors designed and verified the model of English-language professional teaching to future doctors in higher medical schools. Besides, they experimentally established and statistically confirmed the positive dynamics of the levels of English-language professional teaching to students in the experimental group. This was achieved due to the introduction of the designed methodology to future doctors who study at higher medical schools. The application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov λ-test confirms the validity of the proposed model and experimental technique.

British and Montenegrin university lecture introductions: A corpus-based study of their rhetorical structure

This study explores the rhetorical structure of university lecture introductions and its linguistic specificities. Applying genre, corpus and contrastive analyses, it aims to identify which moves and steps are used in lecture introductions in English and Montenegrin, as well as to reveal differences and similarities in their structure between the two languages. Drawing upon the Swalesean move approach (1981, 1990) and referring to the models already established in the literature, the study examines academic lectures in the linguistics discipline taken from the electronically available British corpora, and a specially compiled corpus of Montenegrin linguistic lectures. The results show the major difference lying in a more elaborate British lecture introductions framework. It consists of three moves – Move 1: Orienting the students, Move 2: Setting-up lecture framework and Move 3: Putting topic in context, compared to a two-move structure of Montenegrin lecture introductions composed of Move 2 and Move 3. Some specific differences are also noticed in the composition of these two moves. The main similarity exists in the presence of two obligatory moves in both corpora, Move 2 and Move 3 respectively, reflecting the influence of the lecture as an established academic genre in university settings regardless of the language lectures were delivered in. In addition, compared to the established models in the literature, the findings have yielded three steps original to this study.

LANGUAGE AND VISION

Natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) are two of the most essential areas in the artificial intelligence field (AI). CV is a topic of study that looks into the methods for teaching computers to perceive and interpret digital stuff like images and movies. NLP (natural language processing) is a discipline of linguistics that allows computers to process, interpret, and even synthesise human language. With the advent and development of deep learning over the last decade, there has been a continual flow of innovation and breakthroughs that convincingly push the boundaries and improve the state-of-the-art in both vision and language modelling. An noteworthy point is that research in the two areas is beginning to interact, and many previous experiences have demonstrated that this is a good thing. In general, visual and language interactions have taken place in two dimensions: vision to language and language to vision. In the form of tags [Reference Yao, Mei, Ngo and Li1], answers [Reference Anderson2], captions [Reference Yao, Pan, Li, Qiu and Mei3–Reference Yao, Pan, Li and Mei5], and comments [Reference Li, Yao, Mei, Chao and Rui6], the former primarily recognises or describes the visual content with a set of individual words or a natural sentence. In visual content, a tag, for example, usually represents a specific object, action, or event. An answer is a statement made in response to a question concerning the facts portrayed in a photograph or video. A caption is a natural-language utterance (typically a sentence) that goes beyond tags or answers. The purpose of this programme is to convert text into an image or a video. For example, given a textual description of "this small bird has a short beak and dark stripe down the top, the wings are a mix of brown, white, and black," text-to-image synthesis' purpose is to create a bird image that fits all of the requirements. This study examines recent state-of-the-art AI advancements that improve both vision to language, particularly image/video captioning, and language to vision. Real-world deployments in both domains are also shown as good instances of how AI improves user engagement and transforms consumer experiences in industrial applications. The following is a breakdown of the remaining sections. Section II outlines the evolution of vision to language by laying out a quick road map of significant image/video captioning technologies, distilling a typical encoder–decoder structure, and summarising the results of a common benchmark. Further, the practical applications of vision to language are discussed. Section III describes the technological advances in language to vision in terms of various situations and generation methodologies, and then concludes with a summary Progress in language to image, language to video, and AI-powered applications is summarised. Finally, Section IV brings the paper to a close

Forensic Linguistics and its Role in Crime Investigation: Descriptive Study

This desrcrptive study aims at discussing the discipline of forensic linguistics in terms of its definition, history , scope, and its role in detection of the crime. The study revealed that this decipine is considr ed one of the most contemporary scientific fields that deal with the analysis of linguistic evidence with aim to clarify any ambiguity exist in any judicial process, especially in the investigation of crimes and legal cases. The forensic linguistics also involves in probing the crucial legal documents and other linguistic evidence, such as handwritten texts prior to suicide attempt, and any evidence from crime scenes or kidnappers` notes.

NEUROETICS AND NEUROLINGUISTICS IN CONTEMPORARY LINGUISTICS

The article reflects the history of the formation and development of the term Neuroethics in modern scientific opinion. Relevance: at the present stage of development of scientific thought, neurosciences acquire relevance and take their acting place among others. Yes, deep research into neuroscience issues has not spared philology either. Under the influence of modern research, issues of such scientific disciplines as Affective Neurobiology, Computational, Neurochemistry, Neurophysiology are especially relevant and illuminated in a new way. Neuro engineering, Neuroanatomy, Neuroetology, Neuroimmunology, Neuroinformatics, Paleoneurobiology, neuroeconomics, Cognitive science, Neurolinguistics, Social Neurobiology, Cognitive Neurobiology, Cultural Neuropsychology, Neuroethics. Cognitive Science, Cognitive Science, Neurolinguistics, Social Neurobiology, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Social Cognitive Neurobiology, Neuropsychologists. More and more they delve into the processes of thinking, thought of correction, thought of suggestion of a person, and, therefore, the issue of ethics and the limits of this intervention is relevant. The aim of the article is to raise the question of the relevance of Neuroethical problems for linguistic disciplines. The object of the article is the study of issues of Neuroethics, and the subject is the possibility of applying the basic principles of Neuroethics to modern linguistic disciplines.

Italy and the USA: Cultural Change through Language and Narrative ed. by Guido Bonsaver, Alessandro Carlucci, and Matthew Reza

Reviewed by: Italy and the USA: Cultural Change through Language and Narrative ed. by Guido Bonsaver, Alessandro Carlucci, and Matthew Reza Anna Chichi Italy and the USA: Cultural Change through Language and Narrative. Ed. by Guido Bonsaver, Alessandro Carlucci, and Matthew Reza. (Italian Perspectives, 44) Cambridge: Legenda. 2019. xiii+267 pp. £75. ISBN 9781-781888-75-9. It would be difficult to deny that US economic supremacy over the last century has allowed its culture to exert significant influence over the world, to the point that the term 'Americanization' has become part of international nomenclature. In Italy and the USA, Bonsaver, Carlucci, and Reza examine the question of cultural influence, narrowing their focus on the relationship between the US and Italian culture. Through a series of fifteen essays, this study maps the process of cultural change experienced by these two countries in their interactions over the years and unfolds the impact that cultural contact and human mobility have had on the way the Italian and American communities shaped themselves. In the Introduction, we learn that the contributors were 'free to choose the parameters of their special study' (p. 1). The result is a miscellanea of different [End Page 303] disciplines and objects of study. Fortunately, the cross-disciplinary and transnational nature of the collective work does not bring fragmentation. Instead, the study brilliantly avoids this seemingly inevitable risk in a twofold way. First, the historical and diachronic organization of the essays creates a linear discourse providing a clear picture of the process of cultural contact. Secondly, the heterogeneous nature of the work is counterbalanced by the unifying discipline of linguistics. Despite their diversity in disciplines and approaches, the essays collected address the same questions: how can the myriad forms of storytelling build a community? How do languages and forms of communication change in this process? Does cultural contact affect historical change? How? The term 'process' is key. As stated above, the book's object is the study of cultural change and of community transformation. For this reason, the decision to widen the span of the period covered from the last years of the nineteenth century to the first two decades of the twenty-first is crucial. Suppose for a moment that one sets out to investigate the changing process of a community through the use or even misuse of language. In that case, the period considered should be long enough—as it is in this case—to study 'the gradual transformation of the Italian language as a whole, but also specific enough to assess the impact of contacts with English' (p. 5). When taken as a whole, the large spectrum of case studies employed as well as the decision to focus on less institutionalized areas of study, such as the car industry, make the book's overall argument compelling. At the same time, since the study deals with the role of language and narrative, more than one essay should have been dedicated to the impact of American music on Italian songwriters over generations, both linguistically and politically. Of course, a collection of contributions will almost always be unbalanced or, in a sense, incomplete, because it brings together multiple different opinions and intellectual concerns. Unfortunately, in this case it means that the dialogue between literature and film was expanded while music was left behind. Even so, this study manages to include a very holistic assessment of cultural change, even going beyond the disciplinary points of reference of language and narrative to the larger fields of politics and economics. Although it is no longer in the same dominant position it once was, the influence of US culture on the European continent is far from over. This is particularly true in the Italian-US case. All things considered, however, this study is not US-centric. Moving beyond the normal narrative of US cultural hegemony, its primary goal is to cast light on the reciprocal influence and channels of contact between the two countries, showing Italian culture to be a significant player in shaping the US community. It is this last aspect that makes this volume an original and thoughtful look at the 'Americanization' phenomenon. [End Page 304...

Effective Techniques of Teaching Foreign Languages to Bachelor Students under Distance Learning Conditions

Introduction: Modern reality gave human civilization a new challenge – the COVID-19 pandemic. Under these circumstances, distance learning has become the only opportunity to maintain an uninterrupted educational process. The authors share their experience of increasing productivity at foreign languages classes through applying their original techniques. Materials and methods: In their research, the authors used the following theoretical, empirical and mathematical methods: studying the literary sources accumulated by the Russian and foreign scientific communities; observing; survey; interpreting statistical data; building graphs. Results: Following the traditional guidelines in teaching a foreign language – comprehensive listening, speaking, reading, and writing – the authors tried to adjust the conventional methods to distance learning conditions. The aim was to reduce costs caused by the lack of face-to-face contact, ant to enjoy the advantages of students’ continuous access to the Internet resources. Having analyzed their experience gained from April, 2020, to May, 2021, the authors came to the conclusion that the most tangible results had been gained through practicing such techniques as “chain retelling”, “mute listening”, “cross dialogue”, and “analytical review of modern scientific content”. While the former three helped to mostly sharpen students’ comprehensive listening and speaking skills at practical classes, the latter was of special value by teaching theoretical linguistic disciplines. Such original approach to working with scientific literature gives Bachelor students a favourable chance to use the information from the shared bank for conducting their further research at all university levels. Conclusions: The proposed techniques have been tested in four leading Russian Universities, namely: Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow City University, Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”. The aspects improved are reflected in the graph compiled based on the students’ survey results.

Cross-disciplinary perspectives on research article introductions

In academic writing, stance reporting is used to reflect the position of the writers towards the literature in order to establish the niche and value of the research. Cross-generic and cross-disciplinary studies of reporting verbs have been conducted on hard and soft disciplines, and yet the specific functions of reporting verbs in different sections of an academic genre across disciplines remain unexplored. This study examines and compares the use of reporting verbs in the introduction section of research articles published in high impact journals in the disciplines of psychology, radiology, and linguistics. A combination of the Create-a-Research-Space (CARS) model on analysing research article introductions by Swales and Feak (2004) and a functional taxonomy on reporting verbs by Hyland (2002) has been used to examine discipline-specific stance reporting constructions in the introduction sections of 142 research articles of the three disciplines. Findings suggest that the choice of reporting verbs is not only discipline specific but also depends on the section (and sub-section) in which such reporting verbs are employed.

Снова о «жанрах речи и языке речи»: что дала жанроведению лингвистика?

This is the second article in a cycle on the connection between genre studies and linguistics. The previous article discussed the question “What have genre studies given to linguistics?” This article focuses on linguistic methods used in speech genres theory: more traditional for linguistics, starting with the descriptive method and its later varieties – structural – and less traditional (component analysis, the method of immediate constituents, the generative method, the method of describing external and deep content structures, the method of semantic fields). Speech genres theory is studied in relation to linguistic paradigms. The most significant for speech genres theory is the turn in linguistics from the study of the language only to the study of speech (discourse), and thus – the recognition of the presence of a specific systematic nature of speech. Besides, speech genres theory is analyzed in connection with traditional linguistic directions: syntactic theory and methodology are used in the study of the composition of speech genres, lexicology and semantics – in the study of the names of speech genres. The major focus is on the modern period when new areas of linguistics and speech genres theory emerge simultaneously (Internet linguistics and Internet genre studies). The article also discusses division of linguistic disciplines in connection both with the speech genre division of language (structural, diachronic, functional) and with the division of genre studies (structure of the speech genres, classification of speech genres, sociology of speech genres, psychology of speech genres and genre thinking, cognitive and culturological aspects of speech genres). The role of speech genres theory in the division of linguistic disciplines into deductive and inductive is also discussed. The article appreciates the role of several outstanding linguists in the development of speech genres theory. In addition, the author briefly touches upon the connection between genre studies and literary studies: in the study of literary texts and genres they converge.

Issues of Teaching Linguistic Disciplines to Migrant Students at Higher Education Institutions

This paper is based on the authors’ long-term observations of migrant students studying at universities in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra. The paper is devoted to the current issues that nearly every higher education institution in Russia is aware of. Most non-native-speaking students have a low level of Russian language knowledge, which poses challenges for mastering linguistic disciplines, on the one hand, and challenges for teaching, on the other hand. The paper examines the historical background of the modern ethnic situation in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra. Socio-economic conditions in the area attract immigrants not only from other regions of the Russian Federation but also from post-Soviet countries. The authors describe the social profile of a migrant student, and provide a review of unresolved issues in teaching the discipline of Russian Language and Speech Culture to students of non-philological majors, while paying special attention to the challenges in teaching the Russian Dialectology and Modern Russian Language Morphology disciplines to students majoring in philology. The pressing issues of teaching migrant students should not be ignored. The authors suggest ways to address these issues. One of these is based on stricter requirements for applicants applying for philological majors. The other one suggests simultaneous training and correction of missing Russian language skills.
 Keywords: KhMAO-Yugra, migrant students, university, Russian language

LEXICAL AND PHRASEOLOGICAL MEANS OF EXPRESSION CATEGORIES OF INTENSITY IN THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY

Purpose. The proposed article is devoted to linguistic intensification (intensity) in the German poetry. In this paper, the main lexical and phraseological means of expressing the amplification of meaning are considered, the structural and semantic characteristics of the intensifiers are presented and their stylistic potential is also established.
 Methods or methodology of the work. The basis of the research is formed by the continuous sampling method in the selection of practical material as well as the method of descriptive linguo-stylistic analysis.
 Results. The results of the study showed that the intensification of expressiveness and expressiveness of meaning, as well as the effectiveness of utterances can be achieved by lexical units (adverbs, adjectives) and a number of phraseological units (comparative constructions, paired combinations of words, prepositional-substantive language units), which serve potential function being a powerful linguistic tool in expressing emotions, feelings, state of mind, will of romantic poets.
 Application area. The results of the research can be used in the teaching of such linguistic disciplines as lexicology, phraseology, stylistics, as well as in translation activities.

The Use of Metadiscourse by Saudi and British Authors: A Focus on Applied Linguistics Discipline

This study investigated the use of metadiscourse tools by Saudi and British authors in Applied Linguistics discipline. In particular, the study tried to identify the kinds of metadiscourse markers used by Saudi and English authors in ALRAs and to determine the most and least frequent metadiscourse makers. In order to achieve these goals, (10) ALRAs written by Saudi authors and (10) ALRAs written by British authors served as the corpus of the study. The research articles were selected from well-known journals and published between 2010 – 2018. Hyland's (2005) model was used to find out the distribution of metadiscourse markers in each type of corpora. The findings showed interactive metadiscourse markers are used more than the interactional metadiscourse markers. Compared with the British authors, the Saudi authors were found to use metadiscourse markers more than the British authors. The Saudi authors employed all metadiscourse sub-categories more frequently than the British authors except frame markers, evidentials, endophoric markers, and self-mentions. In addition, it was found that transitions were the highly frequent metadiscourse markers in the whole corpora, followed by hedges, evidentials, boosters, and attitude markers, respectively. On the other hand, engagement markers were the least frequent metadiscourse markers in the whole corpora. 

Višestruko ograđivanje u političkom intervjuu

This paper deals with multiple hedges with non-factive verbs and phrases in political interviews in Serbian and English. Political interview, as a specific type of political discourse, is increasingly present in the media and is becoming the main form of communication between political actors and the public. This type of interview is both a source of information for the public and a means for conducting political campaigns. Since politicians are responsible to their voters for their every action and statement, they must choose carefully what to say and how to say it. One of the important characteristics of their discourse is the hedging of propositional content, because they sometimes cannot or do not want to give an explicit answer to delicate questions. In these cases, they use one or more hedges to make their statements acceptable to the public without compromising or committing themselves. Linguistic disciplines that deal with the analysis of all types of discourse, including political and media discourse, are pragmatics and critical discourse analysis, which represent the theoretical basis of this paper. Examining political interviews in English and Serbian, our goal has been to classify and describe multiple hedges used by politicians in conversations and determine their discursive functions, as well as to perform a contrastive analysis of the use of hedges in these two languages. The results have generally confirmed the initial hypotheses about the main functions of multiple hedges.

Корпусные библиометрические аспекты славяноведческой тематики в русскоязычных научных электронных ресурсах в контексте категорий исторического познания

The article analyses the task of measuring completeness, representativeness, and balance when creating a corpus of Russian-language texts on Slavic literature. The criteria for a disciplinary corpus can be calculated using a bibliometric and scientometric approaches. Different categories of historical knowledge can denote phenomena comparable to the themes and problems of research in Slavic studies. A total of 76 historical categories have been tested (historical analogy, historical memory, historical possibility, historical time, historical personality, etc.). All historical categories associated with Slavic studies or with Rusins have been ranked according to the frequency of search results of full-text resources in scholar.google.ru and academia.edu. The following indicators have been identified and analysed: representation of Slavic studies in a number of other regional studies disciplines; joint occurrence of various linguistic disciplines with Slavic studies; correlation and distribution of the category of historical knowledge in texts with Slavic themes. The author has studied the frequency distribution of the connection between historical categories and Slavic studies and shown the specificity of the influence of Slavic subjects on different categories and functioning of historical consciousness in the Slavic academic community. He concludes that corpus balance can be considered at four levels within the possibility of creating: 1) a philological corpus with texts in various areas of linguistics and literary criticism; 2) a historiographic corpus with historical texts of various themes and genres in one language; 3) a regional corpus with texts on various regional disciplines; 4) a disciplinary corpus only on the subject of Slavic studies.

Regional aspect in foreign language education (sociocultural competence)

The regional aspect of language education plays a significant role in the development of sociocultural students’ competence. The implementation of the regional component in university education is rarely considered, the issues of determining its content and role in the development of student competencies are not sufficiently developed. The way linguistic disciplines are currently taught in universities is undergoing a qualitative change, helping it meet the requirements of educational modernization, while the content and teaching methods are updated, and a competency-based approach to professional training is developed. The sociocultural competence occupies an important position together with the development of linguistic competence of students. The article presents the project results “Teaching the German language with the regional material” for the students of “45.03.01 Philology: Foreign philology (German language and literature)”. A preliminary survey showed that 76 % of students from 52 respondents were interested in studying regional material in the foreign language. The results discovered that our pedagogical approach increased the level of regional sociocultural competence of students, which contributed to the development of students' competency in the dialogue of cultures.