Linguistic Database Research Articles

Stimulus-based mirror effects in associative recognition revisited.

The mirror effect, the finding that a manipulation which increases the hit rate in recognition tests also decreases the false alarm rate, is held to be a regularity of memory. Neath et al. (in press) took advantage of the recent increase in the number of linguistic databases to create sets of stimuli that differed on one dimension but were more fully equated on other dimensions known to affect memory. Using these highly controlled stimulus sets, no mirror effects were observed; in contrast, using stimulus sets that had confounds resulted in mirror effects. In this article, we use their stimulus sets to examine associative recognition. Using confounded stimuli, Experiment 2 found a lower false alarm rate for high- compared to low-frequency words, replicating previous results, and Experiment 4 found a mirror effect when manipulating concreteness, also replicating previous results. Using highly controlled stimuli, Experiment 1 found no evidence that frequency affected associative recognition, and Experiment 3 found concreteness affected only the hit rate, not the false alarm rate. When highly controlled stimuli are used, frequency affects only the false alarm rate in item recognition and has no effect in associative recognition, whereas concreteness affects hit rates in both item and associative recognition. Implications for theoretical accounts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Corpus of the Epigraphy of the Italian Peninsula in the 1st Millennium BCE (CEIPoM)

The <em>Corpus of the Epigraphy of the Italian Peninsula in the 1st Millennium BCE</em> (CEIPoM) is a linguistic database which covers the Oscan, Umbrian, Old Sabellic, Messapic and Venetic languages, as well as epigraphic Latin up to 100 BCE. The database is hosted on GitHub and Zenodo, and provides manually annotated linguistic information on all levels of language structure, ranging from phonology to syntax. In providing a high-resolution digital dataset for language varieties that have until now been largely restricted to printed reference works, this corpus opens up new avenues for research into this unique ancient linguistic area.

A Collocation Analysis of ‘energy’ in Brown Family Corpus

I here argue that Corpus Linguistic (CL) investigations can show evidence that renewable energy has become increasingly important in the last 20 years as shown in the Brown Family corpus, a linguistic database of both British and American English whose diachronic data span from 1930s to 2000s. I use collocation analysis, a well-known CL technique, to discover collocates (accompanying words) that significantly associate with energy. The significance is statistically calculated using Log Likelihood (LL). No content word is found up to 1930s data. Some content words related to the categorization of energy are found in 1960s data. In 1990s data renewable is within top-3. In 2006 data, renewable is found to rank first, showing a very strong significance with energy.

Towards a digital linguistic atlas of local dialects in Algeria with a linguistic database: Constantine dialect as a model

This article deals with a vision for the achievement of the project of a linguistic atlas of the dialects of Algeria supported by colored digital maps, showing the dialectical diversity of the selected region. And the circulation, the dialects used and current on the tongue of the inhabitants of Algeria We will focus in our research on the aspect of processing linguistic data in the manufacture of a digital linguistic atlas, in an attempt to invest computer data in describing local dialects and access to digital content, with the possibility of this content audio recordings of dialect variations, by providing our data bank through this linguistic research Also to pay tribute to the importance of the linguistic atlas in meeting the need of dialect workers for linguistic maps that identify the locations, nature and types of dialectal diversity in Algeria, The research also comes mainly to embody the digital principle and support the Arabic language by storing it digitally with the possibility of managing and printing linguistic maps according to the changes in them.

New tools for studying Finnish archaeology and Uralic languages

Between 2018 and 2020 the Kipot ja kielet [Beakers and Speakers] project (KiKi) collected a typological database of archaeological artefacts in Finland and a typological linguistic database of Uralic languages. Both datasets will be accessible through a public online interface (URHIA) from 2021. The data will help integrate Finnish- and Uralic-speaking areas into global perspectives on human history.

Türkçede İşlek Bir Metaforik Neoloji Öbeği: X+Kafası

Widespread access to social media ensures that new and emergent coinages are noticed by population masses, attain domains of usage, and strengthen their place within a language. Of such new linguistic constructs, metaphorical neologisms are usually most adopted and frequently used. The present study aims to examine the x + head phrase structure widely used in Turkish and to evaluate its semantic properties. Examples semantically identical to this structure are included in the linguistic database through the Turkish National Corpus. The appearance of such phrases was observed on different social media platforms. Additionally, the opinions of people were sought on the use of this structure in social interactions. Further, the differences between the usage of the mentioned structure on its own and its use within a context were measured via a survey.

Romanization and Latinization of the Roman Empire in the light of data in the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age

Abstract The present study demonstrates that the process of linguistic Romanization, i.e. Latinization of the Roman Empire, is traceable by the data of the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (LLDB). A multi-level analysis of linguistic and non-linguistic data in the LLDB has shown that Latinization, i.e. the spread of spoken or vulgar Latin, became more and more intensive over time in all concerned provinces (i.e. Lusitania, Gallia Narbonensis, Venetia et Histria, Dalmatia, Moesia, Pannonia, and Britannia), although to a varying degree in each. What is more, in many aspects of the investigation, it was possible to find differences between the selected provinces of the Roman Empire corresponding mostly to the future Romance (both negative and positive) outcomes of the respective areas. All in all, the analysis of data of the LLDB database can contribute to solving the complex problem of Latinization, and is a lot more appropriate for this purpose than a simple comparative analysis of epigraphic corpora of the selected provinces.

Revealing Translation Techniques Applied in the Translation of Batik Motif Names in See Instagram

This article discusses one of the forms of machine translation, the Instagram translation feature called “see translation”. The research is focused on the translation techniques applied by the machine in translating Banyumas batik motifs from Indonesian to English found in @batikantodjamil and @batk_rd. This topic is worth discussing since machine translation is now getting more developed and is projected to replace human translator. However, in some cases, for example in dealing with culturally-bound terms, machine translation cannot perform contextual knowledge as well as the human translator. this mini research was conducted by applying qualitative research with purposive sampling technique in which the researchers obtain the data by selecting two batik center Instagram accounts containing batik motif names in the captions. The result shows that there are three translation techniques applied by the Instagram translation features, namely literal, borrowing, and particularization. The most dominant technique to use is borrowing technique, and it shows a tendency that such cultural terms in the source language do not have one-to-one correspondence in the target language. In other words, the touch of human translator is very important in the post-editing process of translation by machine to make the translation more acceptable. However, if it is impossible to involve human translator, the Instagram administrator should enrich the machine with more contextual linguistic database to provide the users with better translation results.

SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO BELARUSIAN

The article deals with the problem of improving the quality of machine-based translation. The paper provides the neural network and statistical approaches with control over the created automatic specialized dictionaries for the development of a system for the automatic translation of English scientific and technical texts on information technologies into Belarusian. The article considers the main aspects and stages of linguistic database and algorithmic model developing for the given purpose and analyses the results and prospects of the developed automated information system “English-Belarusian Dictionary”. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp

Developing the Gaois Linguistic Database of Irish-language Surnames

It is now commonplace to see surnames written in the Irish language in Ireland, yet there is no online resource for checking the standard spelling and grammar of Irish-language surnames. We propose a data structure for handling Irish-language surnames which comprises bilingual (Irish–English) clusters of surname forms. We present the first open, data-driven linguistic database of common Irish-language surnames, containing 664 surname clusters, and a method for deriving Irish-language inflected forms. Unlike other Irish surname dictionaries, our aim is not to list variants or explain origins, but rather to provide standard Irish-language surname forms via the web for use in the educational, cultural, and public spheres, as well as in the library and information sciences. The database can be queried via a web application, and the dataset is available to download under an open licence. The web application uses a comprehensive list of surname forms for query expansion. We envisage the database being applied to name authority control in Irish libraries to provide for bilingual access points.

The development of stemming algorithm for the Uzbek language

The automatic processing of unstructured texts in natural languages is one of the relevant problems of computer analysis and text synthesis. Within this problem, the author singles out a task of text normalization, which usually suggests such processes as tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization. The existing stemming algorithms for the most part are oriented towards the synthetic languages with inflectional morphemes. The Uzbek language represents an example of agglutinative language, characterized by polysemanticity of affixal and auxiliary morphemes. Although the Uzbek language largely differs from, for example, English language, it is successfully processed by stemming algorithms. There are virtually no examples of effective implementation of stemming algorithms for the Uzbek language; therefore, this questions is the subject of scientific interest and defines the goal of this work. In the course of this research, the author solved the task of bringing the given texts in the Uzbek language to normal form, which on the preliminary stage were tokenized and cleared of stop words. To author developed the method of normalization of texts in the Uzbek language based on the stemming algorithm. The development of stemming algorithm employed hybrid approach with application of algorithmic method, lexicon of linguistic rules and database of the normal word forms of the Uzbek language. The precision of the proposed algorithm depends on the precision of tokenization algorithm. At the same time, the article did not explore the question of finding the roots of paired words separated by spaces, as this task is solved at the stage of tokenization. The algorithm can be integrated into various automated systems for machine translation, information extraction, data retrieval, etc.

How to Make New Use of Existing Resources:

This article discusses the history and regional variation of the complex preposition off of (e.g., I got off of the bus). The study is intended to uncover detailed information about the use of the form from Early Modern to Present-Day English by examining a variety of linguistic corpora and databases from different perspectives. In addition to charting the history and present-day variation of off of, the study will make a methodological contribution to historical dialectology by showing that there are extensive, severely underused resources that can reveal valuable information about the geographical variation of English even if they were not originally designed for that purpose. Most crucially, the article introduces a way to investigate Early Modern English from the perspective of regional variation, thus paving the way for future research in a field that has been extremely challenging to study in the past.

Electronic Lexicography: Traditional and Modern Approaches М. V. Маkarych1), Yu. B. Popova1), M. O. Shved2)

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.

Study on the Weakening of the Word Final –s Compared to –m in the Epigraphic Corpus

The position of the word final –s, after a weakening in archaic Latin, seems to be fixed in the spoken language in the classical period. Then, it partially disappeared in the Romance languages: in modern languages, it is conserved only north and west of the Massa–Senigallia line, while we cannot find it neither in the eastern regions nor in South Italy. Based on this fact, linguists generally claim that the weakening of the final –s started only after the intensive dialectal diversification of Latin, simultaneously with the evolution of the Romance languages. However, the data of the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (LLDB) do not verify this generally accepted opinion. We can find almost as many examples of the lack of word final –s as that of –m also from the earlier centuries of the Imperial age. The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons behind the inconsistencies between the scholarly consensus and the epigraphical data.

O paradoxo entre a transparência dos dados e a privacidade dos informantes na gestão de dados linguísticos

Neste texto, resenhamos o simpósio Gestão de dados linguísticos que ocorreu em 21 de julho de 2020 como parte do evento Abralin ao vivo – Linguists online, organizado pela Associação Brasileira de Linguística. Nessa atividade, mediada por Raquel Meister Ko. Freitag (Abralin/UFS), os pesquisadores Elisa Battisti (UFRGS), Aluiza Araújo (UECE), Iandra Silva Coelho (IFAM), Marco Antônio Martins (UFSC), Marta Farias Sousa (UFS) e Rodrigo Lopes (UNICAMP) discutiram os aspectos éticos e legais da coleta, armazenamento, tratamento, o uso de ferramentas adequadas, análise e o método da constituição dos bancos de dados linguísticos. As discussões sinalizaram a necessidade de um repositório unificado que poderia ser gerenciado pela Abralin, a fim de possibilitar a comparação entre diferentes variedades do português brasileiro e replicação de estudos, de modo a contribuir para o desenvolvimento dos estudos linguísticos no Brasil e proporcionar uma prática científica transparente, de acordo com o que propõe o movimento Ciência Aberta.

Revealing Translation Techniques Applied in the Translation of Batik Motif Names in See Instagram

This article discusses one of the forms of machine translation, the Instagram translation feature called “see translation”. The research is focused on the translation techniques applied by the machine in translating Banyumas batik motifs from Indonesian to English found in @batikantodjamil and @batk_rd. This topic is worth discussing since machine translation is now getting more developed and is projected to replace human translator. However, in some cases, for example in dealing with culturally-bound terms, machine translation cannot perform contextual knowledge as well as the human translator. this mini research was conducted by applying qualitative research with purposive sampling technique in which the researchers obtain the data by selecting two batik center Instagram accounts containing batik motif names in the captions. The result shows that there are three translation techniques applied by the Instagram translation features, namely literal, borrowing, and particularization. The most dominant technique to use is borrowing technique, and it shows a tendency that such cultural terms in the source language do not have one-to-one correspondence in the target language. In other words, the touch of human translator is very important in the post-editing process of translation by machine to make the translation more acceptable. However, if it is impossible to involve human translator, the Instagram administrator should enrich the machine with more contextual linguistic database to provide the users with better translation results.

A New Lexical Resource for Evaluating Polarity in Spanish Verbal Phrases

Nowadays, a very small number of lexical resources that can be employed in the particular task of determining polarity for Spanish verbal phrases exist in literature and linguistic resource databases. Therefore, it is needed to increase efforts towards the construction of this kind of lexical resources since they will have a very positive impact when creating computational modules for the automatic understanding of Spanish language. In this paper, we present a new manual annotated corpus for the news genre, made up of sentences contain ingeach a verbal phrase. The supervised corpus has been annotated with respect to polarity and the verbal phrase compositionality or non-compositionality, thus leading to have a very interesting lexical resource for identify ingpolarity in Spanish verbal phrases, so as to determine whether or not a given verbal phrase has a figurative or literal meaning. In addition, we present a lexicon of verbal phrases which indicates the estimate of it to be compositional.

Metodologia de criação de um banco de dados linguísticos: desafios e contribuições para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem (Methodology for the creation of a linguistic database: challenges and contributions to the teaching-learning process)

Este artigo apresenta questões teórico-metodológicas relacionadas à criação de um Banco de Dados Linguísticos, composto por amostras da Reserva Extrativista Cazumbá Iracema, localizada no Acre e discute os principais desafios encontrados e contribuições para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa. A metodologia de coleta e organização desse Banco de Dados ancora-se nos pressupostos teóricos dos padrõesociolinguísticos, nos fundamentos empíricos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística e na metodologia de coleta e manipulação de dados em sociolinguística. A implementação da proposta envolve o uso de softwares que podem ser utilizados no âmbito educativo. Os resultados evidenciam contribuições do uso dessa amostra para a criação de propostas de ensino, com foco na língua em uso, identificação dos fatores socioculturais que influenciam o surgimento e permanência da variação linguística e realização de pesquisas no âmbito das línguas naturais.

Methodology for the creation of a linguistic database: challenges and contributions to the teaching-learning process

This paper presents theoretical and methodological questions related to the creation of a Linguistic Database, made up of samples from the Cazumbá Iracema Extractive Reserve, located in the state of Acre, and discusses the main challenges found and contributions to the teaching and learning process of Portuguese. The methodology for collecting and organizing this database is based on the theoretical assumptions of sociolinguistic patterns, the empirical foundations of the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change, and the methodology for collecting and manipulating data in sociolinguistics. The implementation of the proposal involves the use of software that can be used in education. The results show contributions of this sample use for the creation of teaching proposals, focusing on the language in use, identification of the sociocultural factors that influence the emergence and permanence of linguistic variation and researches in the scope of natural languages.

Application of fuzzy logic methods for controlling buildings HVAC equipment

This article represents an application of fuzzy logic methods for control purposes of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) of modern buildings. Analysis of the main parameters of space comfort leads to the justification of fuzzy logic methods and definition of research goals. This research suggested a composition of linguistic variables and knowledge database for a virtual room air conditioning model which was simulated in MATLAB (Simulink) environment. The analysis of the modelling results proved that fuzzy methods demonstrate acceptable control capabilities and can be successfully implemented in practice. The work has been carried out within the course of studying the prospects of development of building management and automation (BMS) in the future.