Lightning Arresters Research Articles

Assessment of Insulation Coordination and Overvoltage for Utility Girds Integrated with Solar Farms

Due to the economic and environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels, many government and private organizations are progressively shifting towards the integration of solar farms with Utility Grids. However, these systems are facing insulation failure issues due to internal and external transient overvoltage’s, in which their shape, magnitude, and duration are unpredictable, and consequently, the insulation stress also becomes unpredictable. To ensure the safety and integrity of the system against any transient overvoltage event, it is important to carry out an insulation coordination analysis. The primary goal of this research work is to achieve this optimization in an economically viable manner, ensuring both operational stability and cost-effectiveness in the design of electrical equipment like surge Arresters. The research work presented in the literature does not fully evaluate all International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) overvoltage classes as specified in the insulation coordination standards for Utility Grids integrated with solar farms. Therefore, this research paper investigates the impact of various transient and switching overvoltage conditions, as defined in the IEC 60071.4 Insulation Coordination Standard at the Solar and Utility Grid Electrical power system using PSCAD 4.6/EMTP Software. Five distinct simulation scenarios were developed to assess the systems’ resilience against insulation stress events. The proposed system was also examined with and without the application of a lightning surge arrester.

AR Lightning Protection Device Teaching System Based On Vuforia

With the advent of the information age, augmented reality technology superimposes virtual three-dimensional models and real environments, giving us richer visual effects. Based on this problem, the augmented reality technology is introduced in the teaching process of lightning protection, and the teaching software of AR lightning protection device is developed. Taking various common lightning arrester contents in daily life as an example, Unity3D development engine and Vuforia augmented reality development tools were used to complete the systematic development and teaching of AR lightning protection devices. The realization process includes material resource production, scene construction and function development. After the software is released, the virtual model is presented in three-dimensional form through scanning pictures, which enhances the interest in the teaching process and is conducive to improving the teaching quality.

Single pulse lightning and multiple lightning intrusion overvoltage in 500 kV GIS substation

Abstract Lightning intrusion wave is a key factor threatening the safe operation of substations. This paper uses electromagnetic transient simulation software to calculate and analyze the overvoltage characteristics and influencing factors of lightning intrusion waves in GIS substations. It studies the effects of lightning current waveform, corona effect, and multiple lightning strikes on the lightning overvoltage. The results show that with the same amplitude of lightning current, the longer the duration and lower the steepness are, the lower the peak and steepness of lightning overvoltage invading the power station will be. As the distance between the lightning strike point and the substation increases, the attenuation effect of corona on lightning overvoltage shows a “not obvious-significant-saturation” pattern. When multiple lightning strikes occur, the peak and steepness of overvoltage caused by the first lightning strike are the highest, and the temperature rise of the lightning arrester varies linearly with the number of lightning strikes.

Analysis and Optimization of Lightning Protection Level Against Backflash for 220 kV Transmission Lines

Abstract Lightning strikes are a major cause of insulator flashover and line tripping; hence, improving line lightning resistance is essential. This article establishes a 220 kV transmission line model in PSCAD/EMTDC and examines the effect of alternative grounding resistance and phase arrester configurations on lightning resistance levels. The analytical findings demonstrate that the transmission line’s lightning resistance level is inversely connected with its ground resistance. When ground resistance cannot be lowered, lightning resistance can be improved by adding a lightning arrester. The lightning resistance level of each arrester arrangement varies depending on the ground resistance circumstances. An appropriate configuration policy must be picked depending on the site characteristics. The study results in this research give a specific reference for lightning protection transformation of 220 kV transmission lines.

Reliability centered condition-based maintenance of zinc oxide lightning arresters: concept, process and case study

Introduction: The reliability of power equipment is the foundation for maintaining the reliability of the power grid. As a core device for limiting overvoltage in the power grid, lightning arresters have received widespread attention, and ensuring their reliability is crucial.Methods: To improve the reliability of zinc oxide surge arresters in the power system, the fault characteristics and health assessment methods of zinc oxide surge arresters were studied using reliability centered condition-based maintenance(RCCM). Firstly, the fault characteristic of zinc oxide lightning arresters in operation over years were collected and analyzed from different aspects. Then the effective state quantities corresponding to different types of defects and their detection methods were proposed. The health status evaluation model for zinc oxide lightning arrester was established, and the effectiveness of the evaluation model was verified through fault cases.Results and Discussion: It shows that the proposed state quantities and RCCM method are suitable for the actual operation and maintenance of zinc oxide lightning arresters. It can reduce the workload and improve the efficiency of existing operation and maintenance of lightning arresters.

Research on power equipment troubleshooting based on improved AlexNet neural network

Power equipment is an important component of the whole power system, so that it is obvious that it is required to develop a correct method for accurate analysis of the infrared image features of the equipment in the field of detection and recognition. This study proposes a troubleshooting strategy for the power equipment based on the improved AlexNet neural network. Multi-scale images based on the Pan model are used to determine the equipment features, and to determine the shortcomings of AlexNet neural network, such as slower recognition speed and easy overfitting. After knowing these shortcomings, it would become possible to improve the specific recognition model performance by adding a pooling layer, modifying the activation function, replacing the LRN with BN layer, and optimizing the parameters of the improved WOA algorithm, and other measures. In the simulation experiments, this paper's algorithm was compared with AlexNet, YOLO v3, and Faster R-CNN algorithms in the lightning arrester fault detection, circuit breaker fault detection, mutual transformer fault detection, and insulator fault detection improved by an average of 5.47 %, 4.69 %, and 3.42 %, which showed that the algorithm had a better recognition effect.

Non-metallic lightning strike protection coating for wind-turbine blades

The increasing use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites in the wind energy industry presents a challenge concerning lightning strike protection (LSP). Due to their low electrical conductivity, these materials are inferior to metals in dissipating electrical currents generated by lightning strikes, potentially leading to catastrophic damage. The current LSP system for wind turbine blades involves metallic lightning arrestors, which may only sometimes be effective due to the accumulation of debris and salt on other parts of the blade. Other commercially available products, such as diverter strips and nano-filler coatings, are expensive and impractical for use throughout the entire blade. Recently, researchers have proposed using electrically conductive polymeric coatings as a potential solution. These coatings are easy to apply and can be spray-coated, painted, or manufactured via automation. In this study, newly developed polymeric coating solutions were experimentally tested and compared to traditional metallic-based LSP systems. The experiments showed promising results in dissipating the current generated by lightning strikes. In addition, the thicker coatings reduced catastrophic damage, including puncture, fiber breakage, and resin evaporation, compared to thinner coatings. Overall, the study highlights the potential of polymeric coatings as a viable solution for lightning strike protection in the wind energy industry.

Evaluasi Sistem Proteksi Penangkap Petir pada Gedung Rektorat dan Gedung KH AR Fachruddin di Lingkungan Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto has numerous buildings, including the rectorate and the 55.27-meter-tall K.H. A.R. Fachruddin building, that could be struck by lightning and as a result, it require an efficient lightning arrester system (SPP). This study aims to evaluate the building's lightning safety level in compliance with SNI 03-7015-2004, the General Regulations for Lightning Protection Installation (PUIPP), and the building's lightning arrester system's state. Direct measurements of building structures, lightning arrester system components, lightning arrester conditions, and soil resistance are employed to collect research data using the observational approach. The study calculates the degree of protection in structures in accordance with the General Regulations for Lightning Protection Installation (PUIPP) standards and determines the value of the protection range using SNI 03-7015-2004. Both the KH AR Fachruddin building and the rectorate building have an R index of 14, which means that they both desperately need an efficient lightning arrester. The Rector building's system is only 75% effective, compared to 91% in the KH AR Fachruddin building.

Cable current-carrying status analysis and early fault warning method based on temperature information

Long-term operation of cables and equipment under abnormal currents can cause insulation aging and reduce the service life of the equipment. Identifying the current-carrying status accurately and early detection of potential failures of power cables is particularly significant for ensuring the operation of power equipment safely and economically. This paper proposed a method for detecting the current-carrying status of power cables and an early fault warning based on temperature information. Based on the theoretical basis of the relationship between temperature and current. According to IEC 61000-3-7 and IEC 60038 standards, the current-carrying state evaluation method is analyzed and given, and the early fault warning model is established. Finally, the paper takes the cable connector and the lightning arrester in the power ring network cabinet as an example to verify the method’s feasibility. It shows that the characteristic information of the relative temperature variation curves under different current carrying states significantly differs. Includes the slope of hour 9, the slope of hour 2, and the maximum. Then the total duration under abnormal current operation is calculated, and the early warning of faults can realize.

Analisis Perbaikan Sistem Pentanahan Tower 70 kV pada Transmisi Wlingi - Blitar

70 KV High Voltage Air Line (in Indonesian known as SUTT) is defined as part of an electric power transmission network that islikely to be struck by lightning. This condition may lead to back flashover (BFO) phenomenon if the grounding value in the transmission is found to be high (>5 Ohms) and may also generate equipment failure. This research was intended to analyze the grounding improvement in tower T17, so that traveling-wave voltages may not result in failure of the main equipment at the substation, specifically the transformer. The value of the traveling wave at the substation was measured through simulation by means of the ATP Draw application in tower T17 to the substation. The grounding value may be reduced by increasing and widening the distance between the electrodes. The value obtained by modeling 4 electrodes with a distance of 0.5 meter was amounted to 1.73 Ohms. Furthermore, modeling 3 electrodes with a distance of 1 meter had successfully generated a value of 1.06 Ohm, and a value of 1.67 Ohm was also successfully obtained through modeling 2 electrodes with a distance of 2 meters. The ground resistance with a value of 67.05 Ohms that has not been repaired will lead to back flashover (BFO) caused by lightning strikes. However, this may be reduced properly with a lightning arrester which is capable of cutting the overvoltage at the substation, so that the voltage entering the transformer is below the BIL (Basic Insulation Level) value.

Research on Online Monitoring Method of Arrester Deterioration Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

Zinc oxide lightning arrester is an important overvoltage protection equipment widely used in 3~500kV power grids. It gradually ages under operating voltage and external environmental factors. Once the failure occurs, the lightning arrester itself will cause damage or even explosion, affecting the safe operation of the power system. The online monitoring problem of zinc oxide arrester (MOA) is proposed. Using the excellent computing power of improved genetic algorithm, the equivalent model of MOA based on operating voltage and measured leakage current values are avoided. The detonator state parameters are solved to realize the monitoring of the arrester deterioration state. The experiments show that the proposed monitoring technique based on the improved genetic algorithm can calculate the leakage current values well and approximate the actual measured leakage current, improving the accuracy of online monitoring.

Pemeliharaan Lightning Arrester (LA) pada Gardu Induk Saketi 150kv di PT. PLN (Persero) ULTG Rangkasbitung

Air transmission lines are very susceptible to lightning strikes resulting in traveling waves that can enter electrical equipment. Surge propagation can cause damage to existing electrical equipment on the transmission line of the substation. One component that has an important role in the substation is the Lightning Arrester (LA) as a protection system from lightning strikes. The purpose of this research is to determine the performance of lightning arresters that are more than 10 years old. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the electric power system from surge voltages and keep the lightning arrester performance reliable, it is necessary to carry out maintenance activities on the lightning arrester. The maintenance carried out is testing Leakage Current Measurement (LCM) and replacing lightning arresters. The research method used is the observation research method in the industrial field with interviews, data collection and analysis and literature study. The results of the LCM test on the old R phase lightning arrester are 112.7 A with a percentage of 86.69% in monitor conditions. So it is necessary to replace the old lightning arresters with new conditions. As for the results of the LCM test on the replacement R phase lightning arrester (new) of 33.4 A with a percentage of 25.69% in good condition.

Mathematical Model of Arc Quenching in the Adjacent Chambers of an RMKE-10 Multichamber Lightning Arrester

Multichamber arresters are widely used to protect overhead power lines from lightning surges. To work out recommendations on the multichamber arrester design taking into account the operating conditions, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of the arc quenching processes in the multichamber arrester discharge chambers. In addition to the processes inside the discharge chambers, such a model should predict the range of multichamber arrester operating conditions in which overlapping of adjacent plasma jets outside the arrester shell does not occur. For this purpose, a mathematical model of the operation of an RMKE-10 multichamber arrester’s two adjacent discharge chambers was developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics software environment. In so doing, the time dependence of the current through the multichamber arrester was used, which was obtained during calculations on the developed model of the multichamber arrester test bench electrical circuit in the Matlab Simulink software environment. Calculations based on the model of two adjacent discharge chambers were carried out for two cases of the distance between the chambers. The conditions excluding the overlapping of the generated arc discharge jets are established. The theoretical and experimental data were compared, and the comparison results have confirmed the adequacy of the developed method for calculating the arc discharges sequentially produced in a multichamber arrester. The lines for further modernization of the multichamber arrester mathematical model have been determined.

Optimasi Gangguan Surja Petir Dengan Pengaturan Jarak Lightning Arrester

Several cities in the Indonesian region are tropical areas that have a fairly high level of lightning insecurity, one of which is the Jayapura city. Demographic conditions make up to the occurrence of lightning strikes and fall into the category of regions that have a fairly high level of lightning insecurity. One of the causes of frequent interference in high-voltage systems comes from lightning. For this reason, it is necessary to optimize the interference that may occur by setting the distance between the lightning arrester and the transformer so as to minimize the level of interference that can occur due to lightning. Lightning arrester is one of the protection tools used to protect equipment against short circuit and lightning. From the results and analysis that has been done obtained results with a distance of 4.11 m and 4.40m which has an impulse voltage value due to surja that arrives at its transformer at skyline substation of 114.22 kV and 114.80 kV. While the optimal distance from the placement of the lightning arrester with the transformer is at a distance of 0.58m at that distance obtained a large value of impulse voltage due to surja that arrives at the transformer of 107.16 kV. The value of impulse voltage due to surja is smaller when compared to the value of impulse voltage due to surja obtained from the lightning arrester separated from the transformer. So that in this study it can be concluded that a good lightning arrester placement is required to be as close as possible to the equipment it protects in order to neutralize the disturbances that can occur.

Seismic Finite Element Analysis of Lightning Arrester Combination by Casing and Pillar Insulator

The seismic performance of electrical equipment in substations has a great impact on the normal operation of the whole substation. The results of the modal analysis show that the fundamental frequency of the three devices is in the range of 0.9Hz∼1.1Hz. The maximum stress of the casing for the three devices is respectively 55.43MPa, 45.39MPa, 35.26MPa, when the peak acceleration 0.4g seismic action is verified. The maximum stress of insulator is respectively 47.01MPa, 62.72MPa and 30.85MPa, and the maximum relative displacement of the top for the equipment is 617.2mm.

Analysis of Use of Feeders to Minimize Lightning Strikes on Medium Voltage Networks

Electricity no could separated with life society . Benefit energy electricity for life man very a lot of source lighting and needs other . By because that very required reliability in electrical energy delivery from center generator power electricity until to consumer . A proper protection system is needed could prevent happening damage in particular on feeder 20 kv . Frequent things occur for example occur disturbance strike lightning that can result in damage and cut off delivery of electrical energy . By because that for prevent happening disturbance caused _ by lightning the eat coordination safety lightning (arrester) must conducted with good . PT PLN ( Persero ) Pematang Area Siantar is a service unit serving customers needs electricity in the area Pematang Siantar and surrounding. PT PLN ( Persero ) Pematang Area Siantar also To do care , and repair on network voltage medium 20 kV distributed from substation parent to consumer.

Perancangan Gardu Distribusi Pengembangan Perumahan Green Nurhidayat Romang Polong

Green Nurhidayat Romang Polong Residence is a new housing located Samata’s axis road. In the housing development process, an electrical system is something important to supply electrical power in the housing. The distribution of electricity cannot be separated from the distribution substations. This research was conducted to design distribution substations. This research aims to determine the equipment and determine the capacity of each equipment. This research begins with observation, collects the data and data analysis. Data was collected through document study, observation and interview methods. Based on the results of research, distribution substations on Green Nurhidayat Romang Polong Residence used portal type substation with a transformer with a capacity of 400 kVA. The safeguards used are Lightning Arrester has a capacity of 24 kV, 5 kA, Fuse Cut Out with safety capacity of 12.5 A, the conductor area used to connect the Transformer to low voltage panel is a NYY type cable with a cross-sectional area of 4 (1 x 400 mm2 ), the conductor on the primary side that connects low voltage grid to Ligtning Arrester and Lightning Arrester to a transformer is AAAC type cable with a cross-sectional area of 35 mm2, while on the low-voltage grid, NFA2X type cable with a cross-sectional area of 3x70 mm is used. Low voltage panel divided into line, circuit breaker with a safety capacity of 700 A, NH Fuse with a capacity of 224 A and a rod electrode with a length of 5 m on the grounding system.

Five-Year Performance of an ESE Lightning Protection System for a Large Scale PV Power Plant in Thailand

This article presents a five-year performance review of an early streamer emission (ESE) air terminal lightning protection system for a large scale PV power plant in Thailand. The comparison effect of a Franklin lightning protection system and the ESE lightning protection system was analyzed for the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system was selected to be implemented in the PV power plant. The capacity of the PV power plant studied was 8 MWp on an area of 150,000 square meters in the Nong Ya Plong district, Phetchaburi province, Western Thailand. A Franklin lightning rod type was also designed to be implemented in this PV power plant. The Franklin lightning rod type comprised 122 pieces but the ESE lightning rod type consisted of only 11 pieces. The conceptual design of the Franklin rod type followed the standard of the Council of Engineers, Thailand, and the ESE lightning rod type followed the NFC17102 standard of France. The estimated cost of installation was a key comparison to select the lightning protection system; the total installation cost of the Franklin lightning rod type was USD 197,363.80 and the ESE lightning rod type was USD 44,338.06. The lightning system was applied to the lightning arrester in the power plant to provide good protection, in which the balance of the pole to the mounting position is required to optimize the system performance. The result of the simulation also showed that the shading effects of the Franklin rod type were greater than the ESE rod type. The installation cost of the Franklin lightning rod type was 4.45 times more expensive than the ESE lightning rod type. Therefore, the ESE lightning protection system was selected to be implemented in the PV power plant. From the recorded data of the five-year performance of the ESE lightning protection system (2016–2020), there were three occurrences of a lightning strike on the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system effectively protected and prevented the lightning strike to the PV power plant. This study can help and support with the selection of a lightning system for the protection of large scale PV power plants in the future.

Research on Early Warning Technology of Lightning Arrester Defects Based on Multi-stage Information and Bayesian Inference

The differences in the probability of occurrence of different equipment and defects lead to the small sample characteristics of the defect of the arrester, which makes it difficult to train an accurate prediction model. It is difficult to identify the abnormal state when the arrester monitoring data does not exceed the limit and increase steadily relying on the arrester monitoring index and threshold to judge the defect. Therefore, a lightning arrester defect early warning method based on multi-stage information and Bayesian inference is proposed. The Bayesian inference algorithm is used to calculate the probability of defect cause categories under different feature quantities. According to the new test evidence, the probability of the defect cause category under different feature quantities is updated to identify the defect cause. The algorithm automatically adjusts the prior probability indicators of equipment defects and causes in the model based on the new detection data and annotation conclusions to ensure the accuracy of defect cause classification. The lightning arrester operation and maintenance data and online monitoring system of a power company is used to analyze and verify the effectiveness and correctness of the method proposed in this paper, which provides effective supportfor the lightning arrester operation and maintenance.

ANALISA PENEMPATAN LIGHTNING ARRESTER SESUDAH CUT OUT UNTUK MENGURANGI GANGGUAN TEGANGAN LEBIH PADA TRAFO KL 0074 DI PT. PLN (Persero) ULP KLUNGKUNG

Where it was recorded that according to BMKG data in 2019 in East Bali there were 15,000-30,000 lightning strikes. This gives the potential for, lightning strike on a 20 kV distribution linewhich is quite high. This connection will cause interference to the feeder if the lightning arresteris placed on the distribution transformer incorrectly. The equepment used to protect equipmentfrom lightning surge distrubances, one of which is a lightning arrester. The lightning arresterused in the KL 0074 substation is in place after the cut out. The Losan medium-voltage aerialfeeder is conncected by an A3CS cable for 8.5 km and an MVTIC cable for a distance of 2.02km which is connected to the KL 0074 substation. The distance between the KL 0074transformer and the lightning arrester is 3.75 meters, so it needs to be examined further to findout whether the protection generated by the lightning arrester is optimal or not. Theeresulttofftheanalysissshowwthatttheelightning arrester with an instalation distance of 0.34 meters from thetransformer is still able to cut the lightning surge, with the resulting splash voltage of 124.977.4Volts but the spark voltage is within the tolerance limit of the 125 kV lightning arrester splashvoltage.,