Lexicographic Methods Research Articles

Names of Russian Oven and Its Components in Arkhangelsk Dialects

This article is dedicated to the study of dialectal vocabulary belonging to the thematic group “Russian Oven,” which is included in the second volume of the “Thematic Dictionary of Arkhangelsk Dialects.” This dictionary documents lexicon related to wooden structures and their components. The primary aim of this research is to record the nominations within the thematic group “Russian Oven” and to determine the meanings of the selected words for inclusion in the dictionary. The material for this article and the dictionary comprises dialectal records housed in the archive of the Department of Russian Language and Speech Culture at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov. The study employed a method of comprehensive sampling of words from the department’s archive, along with descriptive and lexicographic methods to clarify word meanings. The research reveals the diversity of dialectal vocabulary that names parts of the Russian oven; the same component may have various designations across different regions of Arkhangelsk Oblast, leading to the formation of synonyms, as well as phonetic, morphological, and derivational variations. A significant derivational cluster consists of words with the root -печ-, which are formed through suffixation (pechka, pechishcha, pechurok, pechurochek, etc.) and prefix-suffixation (opechek, opechye, podpechek, podpechye, pripechek, pripechye, protipechye, etc.).

The <i>eye</i> lexeme conceptual sphere in differently structured languages: Based on paroemias

The article is devoted to the comparative typological analysis of Russian, English and Japanese paroemias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in terms of cognitive linguoculturology as one of the most dynamically developing areas in modern linguistics. We focus on the issues of the formation mechanism of the conceptual models within the framework of paremias in differently structured languages. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe paremias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] as a micromodel of reality, reflecting the way of understanding, perception and conceptualization of the world by native speakers of Russian, English and Japanese. The subject of the study is the semantics and structure of paremiological units, such as proverbs, sayings and signs reflecting a certain nationally oriented way of the surrounding reality encoding. The comparative analysis, considering the paradigmatic and syntagmatic combinations of the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in differently structured languages, allows us to conclude that the paremiological units’ analysis contributes to the reconstruction of the so-called naive world picture, referring to earlier, ancient life periods of the particular people. The core of the national concept is the referential lexeme meaning, the peripheral layer is characterized by variability, since it reflects not only the territorial conditions, but also ancient traditions, customs, beliefs of the particular people. To achieve the goal of the undertaken research, we used the traditional descriptive and lexicographic methods, in addition to the comparative linguistic and cultural methods.

On the Conditions for Total Orderings in Lexicographic Methods to Rank Fuzzy Numbers

Lexicographic methods to rank fuzzy numbers present the advantages of simplicity, consistency with human intuition, and power of discrimination. In this paper, we tackle the problem of finding the conditions for these methods to produce a rank in specific steps. Our main results are twofold. First, we prove that a necessary and sufficient condition for a ranking function to be a total order is that this function is either injective, surjective, or bijective. Second, we provide further insight into the required steps for a lexicographic order to rank same-type and different-type fuzzy numbers. A counterexample refutes a conjecture in the literature about the maximum number of steps needed to rank different-type fuzzy numbers.

Modern Greek Constructions with Position Verb <i>κάθομαι</i>

The article analyzes the functioning of the Modern Greek verb κάθομαι ‘to sit’ in relation to its lexical and syntactic environment. The study is motivated by the under-researched system of position verbs in Modern Greek and their grammaticalization. Corpus and lexicographic methods are used, drawing on data from the National Corpus of Greek and the elTenTen19 corpus, as well as major Modern Greek dictionaries. The spectrum of meanings of κάθομαι is analyzed, along with the constructions in which these meanings are manifested. A corpus analysis of the construction Τι κάθεσαι και Χ is separately conducted. The study shows that κάθομαι is a weakly semantically-specified lexical unit whose meaning is determined by its context. In the construction Τι κάθεσαι και Χ, which expresses a negative evaluation of an action or state X, the verb κάθομαι loses its meaning of a specific human posture. However, depending on the lexical content of the construction slot, it is capable of demonstrating various non-locative meanings within the same construction. The interaction between κάθομαι as a constituent element of the construction and the lexical content of the slot allows this verb to exhibit its polysemy.

A non-lexicographic rule in the preference-approval setting

We present the first non-lexicographic social ranking rule in the preference-approval setting. Our rule is obtained using three well-known axioms and a novel symmetry axiom, which balances preferences and approval information, thereby avoiding the extreme outcomes seen in existing lexicographic methods. Other non-lexicographic alternatives are discussed.

THE NAMES OF COLORS IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES OF THE SOVIET SOCIETY (in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 11 volumes)

Introduction. The paper is devoted to the study of semantic innovations and peculiarities of the lexicographic interpretation of lexical units used to designate colors in Soviet times based on the analysis of the materials of the “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” in 11 volumes(1970–1980). The importance of this research is caused by the need of a thorough study of the influence of Soviet ideology on the semantics of words from various thematic groups, including those perceived as non-politically significant having initially neutral meanings.Purpose. The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of Soviet ideology on the lexicographic description of the names of colors, to study the functional-semantic transformationsof the lexemes denoting the names of colors, that was induced by socio-political factors of the Soviet period.Methods. The investigation is grounded on the methods of descriptive and componential analysis, as well as contextual analysis.Results. It has been found out that the names of colors became ideologically connoted under the conditions of functioning in the Soviet totalitarian discourse. First of all, the changes were found in the semantics of archetypal color names such as red, white and black, as well as golden. Expansion of the compatibility of analyzed lexemes and formation of new figurative and symbolic meanings in them have been revealed. Changes in the antonymic relationshipsbetween the words used to designate colors as compared to their traditional semantic relationships in the national world view have been established.Analysis of vocabulary items aimed at revealing the semantic content of color names enabled to determine the lexicographic methods of their ideologization, namely, their use in the definitions and illustrative material of ideological-evaluative adjectives, pejorative components, illustrations from authoritative in the Soviet society sources characterized by an expressive valuation from the communist ideology point of view, use of contradistinction.Conclusion. Consequently, the names of colors in the Soviet period became the bearers of a distinct positive or negative valuation conditioned by ideological factors. They were verbal expressions of the value priorities of society and contributed significantly to the dissemination of mental stereotypes and the formation of the official linguistic picture of the world.

A multi-objective berth allocation problem in fuzzy environment

The Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) is an important seaside problem in port logistics, which involves the determination of berthing times and positions of arriving vessels in a wharf. Most studies have considered that vessels arrival and handling times are known fixed quantities available to wharves operators beforehand. However, due to many uncontrollable factors that can affect vessels arrival and handling times, those quantities are highly uncertain and may have a significant impact in the wharf operation. This paper takes fuzzy uncertainty into account and presents a fully fuzzy BAP with two objective functions. Specifically, it is considered the minimisation of the total waiting time of vessels and the makespan of the wharf operation. The problem is solved by using two lexicographic methods for fully fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FFMOLP). Multiple Pareto optimal fuzzy solutions are obtained using a fuzzy epsilon-constraint method. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in handling fuzziness and conflicting objectives in a BAP. Moreover, from a methodological point of view, results show that it is best to use lexicographic ranking criteria instead of linear ranking functions for solving the associated FFMOLP problem.

Концепт ПАТРИОТ в фокусе лексикографических источников на китайском языке

The purpose of the research is to identify the cognitive features of the PATRIOT concept belonging to the Chinese national worldview. The paper attempts to provide a lexicographic description of the Chinese PATRIOT concept, using the method of conceptual analysis developed by Z. D. Popova, I. A. Sternin. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the Chinese PATRIOT concept has not been previously studied using lexicographic methods. As a result, 38 linguistic naming units of the PATRIOT concept have been explicated from lexicographic sources in Chinese, the cognitive interpretation of which helped to identify 8 cognitive features.

ОБРАЗНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ СЦЕНАРИИ КАК ОСНОВАНИЕ ОЦЕНОЧНОЙ НОМИНАЦИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА

The article analyzes lexemes that are used as nominations of persons in the old vernacular of the city of Arkhangelsk, Russia, and that are considered to embody the system of values of a wider community. The authors identify grounds and mechanisms for such evaluative nominations by using cognitive (scenario and prototype modeling), semantic (sememe construction, evaluative semantics analysis), stylistic and lexicographic methods of research. The authors conclude that evaluative nominations are realized in the vernacular by means of stereotype images and stereotype scenarios. Stereotype images are associated with ideas about a prototype and deviations from the norm. Stereotype scenarios are fixed ways of social practice and morals, that is to say, a precedent sequence of events and/or a set of situations fixed in a person’s mind. The authors use examples to prove that evaluative nominations of a person in the old vernacular of Arkhangelsk are most often associated with a person’ appearance, speech, attitude to work and to people. Social stereotype scenarios are represented in the “person - person”, “person - family”, “person - society” oppositions.

<i>Udareniye</i>: Diachronic and Lexicographic Description of the Linguistic Term and its Breaking Away from the Greek and Church Slavonic Tradition

The article is devoted to the study of the Russian linguistic term “udareniye” (“stress” / “accent”) from the historicolinguistic, etymological and lexicographic viewpoints. Currently, there are hardly any studies analyzing the term’s semantic development or attempts to present its semantic structure in a dictionary, based on textual and lexicographic sources ranging from the end of the 16th to the end of the 19th century, that would make it possible that would make it possible to trace the semantic changes of the term in the course of time. The existing studies mainly address the the issues of terminology developed in individual authors’ grammars, or describe the terminology of grammars related to a certain period of time or a specific epoch. The purpose of this article is to systematize etymological information about the term “udareniye”, to conduct an historico-linguistic analysis of its semantics, starting with the first Russian grammars and lexicons. The research uses comparative, definitional, etymological, semantic and lexicographic methods. The semantic structure of the term “udareniye”, when taking into account its two main meanings (emphasizing of some syllable in the word with voice and reflection of such an emphasis in writing by graphical means, e.g. diacritics), begins to take shape from its first written fixation in 1591 in Adelphotes and ends by 1830, when grammarians finally stopped associating the Russian accent, uniform by nature, with the sound length and modulations of the tone, and focused their attention on the study of intensity (pronouncing power), which can be regarded as the main acoustic feature of the stressed syllable in languages with dynamic stress. By this time, the type of the Russian stress stops being identified with the Greek and Church Slavonic patterns and the attempts to uncritically borrow the corresponding terminological nominations with their forms and meanings from Greek into Russian come to an end. The term “udareniye” got probably for the first time its lexicographic entry at the beginning of the 18th century due to Polikarpov-Orlov who described its meaning 1 in his dictionary. In its meaning 2 – based on the Greek-Church Slavonic tradition, – the term is found in almost all the text sources examined by the author, starting from Adelphotes, that is from the end of the 16th century. As for its first lexicographic fixation, it took place in 1763 in Poletika’s dictionary.

CREATIVE BILINGUALISM AND AUTHOR'S TRANSLATION: OBSERVATIONS| ON V. NABOKOV'S LEXICONS

The purpose of this article is to compare the “heavenly” vocabulary used in the English and Russian texts of the same work in the conditions of the author's translation from the point of view of the writer's bilingualism and the problems of the theory and practice of translation. The main part of the article is a comparative analysis of the lists of lexemes of the "sky" cluster, selected from "Speak, Memory" and «Другие берега»; the study of the syntagmatic connections of sky/небо and their synonyms that characterize the sky in two cultural and linguistic codes of Nabokov, and a comparison of the source and translated contexts containing lexemes sky/небо. The scientific value of the work consists in the fact that the original lexicographic methods of the Kursk school of linguistic folklore study are applied to the proposed empirical material for the first time: the cluster approach, methods of concordance compression and application of dictionary entries. As a result, it is proved that when switching from English to Russian, V. Nabokov departs from his own principle of literal translation.

ЛЕКСИКОГРАФСКИ МЕТОДИ В БЪЛГАРСКИ РЕЧНИЦИ ОТ НАЧАЛОТО НА ХХ ВЕК / LEXICOGRAPHIC METHODS IN THE BULGARIAN DICTIONARIES FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article deals with the lexicographic methods adopted in the Bulgarian dictionaries from the beginning of the 20th century. These dictionaries employ an alphabetical-nest arrangement of the words where derivatives are included in the dictionary entries of the words from which they are formed. In addition, the bases of the derivatives are abbreviated. These lexicographic methods are aimed at reducing the number of pages of the dictionaries.

Culturally relevant memory properties in English phraseology

The paper focuses on culturally relevant properties of personal memory and the potential of natural languages in codifying them. The study is based on one of the key postulates of anthropological linguistics stating that dynamic changes in human mentality, cultural developments and newly accumulated knowledge find their reflection in the lexical subsystem of the language. Relying on the concept of phraseology as a fragment of linguistic reality bearing an information-intensive map of the national world view and the type of linguistic identity, the paper examines phraseological units verbalizing fundamental memory processes of encoding, storing, remembering and forgetting and offers a linguacultural perspective on the specifics of representing individual memory processes in English phraseology. A combination of automatic processing methods applied to analyzing authentic lexicographic sources along with conventional data-collecting procedures yielded an empirical base of the research composed of phraseological units representing key stages of mnemonic processing. To analyze the obtained data, component, lexicographic, and content-analysis methods were employed. Findings allowed compiling an inventory of mnemonic phraseological units in English, developing their typology on the basis of structural, semantic and functional criteria, identifying the proportion of each structural, semantic and stylistic type in the data sample. A multi-parameter cognitive interpretation procedure yielded a stage-based typology of mnemonic phraseological units reflecting phases of mnemonic processing, its content and nature. The results suggest a possible correlation between cultural specifics of Anglo-Saxon world view and verbal representation of individual memory on the phraseological level.

The system of processing verb inflection in Benson’s dictionary

From the perspective of the theory of lexicographic functions, this paper analyses in a metalexicographic manner the system of processing inflection data on the verbs of the Serbian language in M. Benson?s SerboCroatian-English Dictionary (BENSON 1993). The processing system is perceived through the prism of the needs of users whose native language is not Serbian in three situations: reception, production (which includes translation situations) and the situation in which the dictionary is used for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language. In the analysis of the dictionary, it has been noted that the processing system is made up of four lexicographic methods: 1) inflected forms of the verbs with a suppletive present base form and apophony in that base compared to the infinitive base form were included as headwords of particular dictionary entries with cross-references to the infinitive, but this was not done systematically and consistently; 2) as for the thematic verbs which are included in 36 separate accentual-conjugation types, type marks were provided with the verb, with cross-references to the introductory pages of the dictionary, where those marks were textually interpreted; 3) as for the thematic verbs which are not included in the aforementioned types, as well as all athematic verbs, inflection data were listed in the grammar section immediately after the headword; 4) for a smaller number of verbs, the model verb from which the inflection data should be analogically derived is listed in the dictionary entry itself. However, if a sound change in the present tense appears in verbs to which the third and fourth lexicographic method was applied, then a partial paradigm of the present tense in its full or shortened form was provided before the cross-reference to the typical verb in the form of a mark or a specific verb. The analysis showed that the first aforementioned lexicographic method meets the reception-related needs of the users of Benson?s dictionary. However, considering that it was not consistently applied, it does not satisfy those needs in all cases. The remaining three methods completely meet production-related needs, but it remains uncertain whether the applied methods are clear to the average user and, if so, to what extent. Therefore, the paper also offers a simplified version of Benson?s system of processing verb inflection, which would be more harmonized with the users? needs. However, Benson?s dictionary cannot serve as a handbook for gaining knowledge on verb inflection in the Serbian language, because the introductory pages and the grammatical appendix neither offer the rules on the formation of verb forms nor include complete paradigms of basic inflection types. The results of the analysis in the conclusion are applied to the draft of a new, proposed, French-Serbian dictionary, which additionally points to the advantages and shortcomings of applied lexicographic methods.

The media space of the 19th century in the mirror of the Russian language: Lexico-phraseological aspect

The study of the history of Russian vocabulary during a particular period makes it possible to identify dynamically developing groups of vocabulary that are united according to some principle (lexical and semantic fields, word-formation nests and types). The differential principle of forming a word list for the “Dictionary of the Russian language of the XIX century” provides such an opportunity with regard to vocabulary and phraseology related to the thematic group “journalism”. The article analyzes lexical neologisms (zhurnalizm, zhurnal’nost’, gazetnost’) from the point of view of the verbalization of concepts related to the awareness of a new socio-philosophical reality in Russian social life in the 19th century. The semantic content of the word-terms is analyzed and chronological data regarding their appearance in the Russian language are corrected. The broad lexical compatibility is considered with regard to su ch lexemes as zhurnal’nyj (zhurnal’naja kritika; zhurnal’nyje stateyki, melochi; zhurnal’nyje vykhodki, shutki, pochesti, zakidat’ zhurnal’noj gryaz’ju; zhurnal’nyj Aristarkh, zhurnal’nyj pisaka; zhurnal’nyj syshchik, zhurnal’nyje psy, plutni; zhurnal’nyj frant, shut, etc.), gazetnyj (gazetnyj mir, mirok; gazetnoje obshchestvo; gazetnyj yazyk; gazetnyje borzopistsy, gazetnyj genij; gazetnyj vodovorot, gazetnyj tovar, etc.) in the texts of 19th century Russian authors; the emphasis is placed on the special role of adjectives as markers of elements of a new social mentality, conditioned by the formation of the “media space”. The article also analyzes the linguistic facts that indicate the formation of evaluative vocabulary in this group of words (zhurnal’chik, zhurnalishko, zhurnalets; gazetka, gazetishka, gazetenka, gazetchina), which serves as an indicator of the attitude of society, as well as its individual members represented by the authors of texts to the phenomenon of new literature. The results of the analysis carried out with respect to the linguistic material presented in the article made it possible to characterize the collected facts as objective evidence of the identification of the media space in the linguistic picture of the Russian person’s world; the projection of the facts obtained in the course of this study onto the previously studied linguistic material confirms the presence in this picture of a certain matrix that organizes our ideas about the structure of social relations. The results of the analysis, which showed the productivity of using historical-lexicological and lexicographic methods in the study of actual linguistic material, can be used by researchers in various fields of the humanities.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ІДЕОЛОГІЧНОЇ КАРТИНИ СВІТУ В УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ СЛОВНИКАРСТВІ РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ДОБИ

Language in totalitarian states of the XX century was a part of a powerful ideological mechanism, a means of formation of a mindset stereotype with definite evaluative attitudes and judgments. In the Soviet political context, the language was considered as an important tool for establishing the leading ideology, materialistic worldview, and socialist culture. The dissemination of ideological constructs took place through the official press, radio and television. They were constantly repeated in political speeches, textbooks and scientific works. The influence of totalitarianism also affected linguistics and its practical part – lexicography. The goal of the article is to highlight the techniques of ideological manipulations used in the lexicographic practice of the Soviet period in order to strengthen communist ideology and create an ideological view of the world. The study is based on the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in 11 volumes (1970–1980). The article clarifies that the introduction of ideological and evaluative component into the semantic structure of words belonging to different topical groups, including the names of political sphere, scientific directions, philosophical, moral and ethical concepts, names of time intervals etc., the explanation of their meaning by using newspeak set phrases, led to the formation of a biased worldview and system of the ideological values of a Soviet man. It is found out that lexicographic methods of the ideologization of words are the use of positive evaluative or negative evaluative attributive phrases in dictionary articles, creation of antonymous contexts, transformation of meanings and change of lexical compatibility of words, use of politicized illustrative material. In this way, the dictionaries contained premises and myths of the totalitarian era, which contributed to their dissemination and introduction into the public consciousness, the formation of an evaluative worldview according to the guidelines of the political system.

Lexicographic Methods for Fuzzy Linear Programming

Fuzzy Linear Programming (FLP) has addressed the increasing complexity of real-world decision-making problems that arise in uncertain and ever-changing environments since its introduction in the 1970s. Built upon the Fuzzy Sets theory and classical Linear Programming (LP) theory, FLP encompasses an extensive area of theoretical research and algorithmic development. Unlike classical LP, there is not a unique model for the FLP problem, since fuzziness can appear in the model components in different ways. Hence, despite fifty years of research, new formulations of FLP problems and solution methods are still being proposed. Among the existing formulations, those using fuzzy numbers (FNs) as parameters and/or decision variables for handling inexactness and vagueness in data have experienced a remarkable development in recent years. Here, a long-standing issue has been how to deal with FN-valued objective functions and with constraints whose left- and right-hand sides are FNs. The main objective of this paper is to present an updated review of advances in this particular area. Consequently, the paper briefly examines well-known models and methods for FLP, and expands on methods for fuzzy single- and multi-objective LP that use lexicographic criteria for ranking FNs. A lexicographic approach to the fuzzy linear assignment (FLA) problem is discussed in detail due to the theoretical and practical relevance. For this case, computer codes are provided that can be used to reproduce results presented in the paper and for practical applications. The paper demonstrates that FLP that is focused on lexicographic methods is an active area with promising research lines and practical implications.

Peter Newmark's Translation Procedures as Applied to Metaphors of Literary Texts (Based on Stephen King's Works)

The present research featured P. Newmark's translation strategy and procedures applied to the translation of metaphors in literary texts, namely Stephen King's oeuvre. The study revealed the effect of functional style on metaphor translation. The type of metaphor, e.g. dead, cliché, stock, adapted, recent, and original, also proved important for adequate translation. The authors performed a comparative and correlative analysis of metaphors in translations made by different authors. The study was based on descriptive, cognitive, semantic, and lexicographic methods. The general functional analysis revealed grammar and lexical transformations that metaphors undergo in the process of application of P. Newmark's translation strategy and procedures. The article focuses on the optimal ways of metaphor translation as described by P. Newmark. The translator can preserve the original image in the translated text, keep the original metaphor, replace the original image with a common one, render the metaphor using a figurative comparison while preserving the original image and notion explication, ignore the notion explication of the metaphor, or totally remove the image. The analysis proved the significance of P. Newmark's approach to metaphor translation and its methodological value for modern translation theory and practice. The results obtained can be applied both in professional translation and in corresponding disciplines.

Obtaining Efficient Solutions of Interval Multi-objective Linear Programming Problems

In this paper, we consider interval multi-objective linear programming (IMOLP) models which are used to deal with uncertainties of real-world problems. So far, a variety of approaches for obtaining efficient solutions (ESs) of these problems have been developed. In this paper, we propose a new and two generalized methods. In the new method, converting IMOLP into an interval linear programming (ILP) and then obtaining its optimal solutions (OSs), ESs of the IMOLP are determined. This method has several advantages: (i) This method is the only method which obtains a solution box for IMOLP models. (ii) The solving process is not time consuming. (iii) The number of ESs is higher than for other methods. (V) The method is applicable for large-scale problems. Also, we generalize the $$\varepsilon$$-constraint and lexicographic methods which are used for obtaining ESs of the multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) models which do not have any problems such as lengthy and time-consuming and are applicable for large-scale problems. Some examples were solved to show the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, by the proposed method, we solve the IMOLP model corresponding to the problem of the facilities and non-return funds in a bank.

Visualization Technology and Tool Selection Methods for Solving Adaptive Training Complex Structural-Parametric Synthesis Problems

AbstractOur previous work in the field of formalization, modeling, and design of adaptive training complexes (ATCs) revealed the low accuracy of the traditional expert approach to selecting ATC components. The study addresses the practical scientific problem of classifying and selecting visualization tools and technologies for designing ATC. Currently, this is done using highly subjective expert evaluation. Therefore, we develop a methodology for the selection of visualization tools and technologies to reduce the influence of the human factor by applying a set of main criteria for visualization component evaluation. Classification is based on the facet approach. We create an original technique that allows users to formalize the main objects of a technical system needing a training complex. It allows users to correlate these aspects to the visualization components and to group, evaluate, and rank them. Integration time, use-cost and component visualization quality, training quality, and time are important variables in the methodology. The use of lexicographic optimization methods or linear convolution of criteria is proposed to obtain an optimal solution from the final Pareto-set. The proposed component selection method has several advantages, compared with the classical approach: greater objectivity of the obtained estimates, better development, and further software implementation automation. Thus, this method addressed the problem of choosing the components of ATC visualization. The significance of the study is in the development of the original algorithmic and mathematical software for the method of selecting ATC visualization components.