Level Of Productive Forces Research Articles

MODELLING THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE

Studying driving forces and determinants of robust economic growth has been a topical issue in economic science for many years. The whole evolution of economic science has confirmed that there is a constant search for relations and interdependencies between individual factors and economic development. Along with the rapid scientific and technological progress in the twenty-first century, the range of factors that have a decisive influence on the country’s economic dynamics is growing. Recognizing the key role of all resources related to human intellectual activity in the countries’ economic development is a well-known postulate. The intense use of intellectual resources, accelerated technologicalization, and digitization are at the heart of the breakthrough development for all advanced countries in the world (Kaleniuk I., Kuklin V., 2012).The strengthening of competition at the current stage of civilizational development causes new factors and mechanisms of market struggle to come to the fore. These include the growing importance of intellectual resources and creative products as key factors in competitiveness. One of the important tasks of the economic activity of countries in the global environment is the accumulation and implementation of intellectual resources, which can determine the pace of the country's development, in general, shape the global parameters of world economic development. In fact, the intellectualization of society becomes one of the most important conditions for intensive development, expansion of spheres of influence, and realization of national interests. The term “intellectualization of the economy” refers to this type of economic development of the world economy, which is characterized by an increase in the role of knowledge and education as key factors in its provision.At the level of productive forces, the intellectualization of the global economic system is manifested in the predominance of ensuring the growth of labour productivity of intellectual factors, the growth of their role in the process of technical and economic combination of personal and material factors of production, as well as in the interaction of man with nature, increasing the level of intellectualization of the human worker (Global economy…, 2008).The strengthening of the intellectual component in all sectors of economic activity is due to the need to solve urgent problems of society, to produce the latest development strategies. This happens both at the expense of own innovative intellectually rich products and by borrowing existing ones from other countries. The question is that under modern conditions, the existing concept of intellectualization of the economy takes on new features and forms. This is reflected in the continuous production of key innovations and the improvement of existing products and processes. Constant attention to increasing the intellectualization of the economy at all its levels enabled the USA, the EU, Japan, and China to occupy the positions of world leaders in scientific, technological, and economic aspects (Lyakh V., Udovik S., 2006). Intellectualization of the economy becomes the main trend of development under the condition of transition to a new type of society, which changes the relations between market participants. Note that these processes are most pronounced in countries close to post-industrial society. In the economies of countries with a rustic system, these processes are quite insignificant, which is due to limited development opportunities.Identifying the most effective factors of the countries’ economic success in modern conditions are the issues of particular interest for economic science. An important task in the context of economic development research is to find out strong relations between individual indicators. Moreover, studying the relations between intellectual activity (resources and outcomes) and GDP growth indicators is of great interest.A priority direction of development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and new technological framework formation for modern Ukraine is to complete the economy’s industrial structure and to undertake gradual transformation not only into the post-industrial stage but also into the knowledge economy. To ensure the economy’s competitiveness today, awareness of the role of knowledge is essential.

Formation of the economics noosphere in the process of the industrial revolution

The article deals with the system of the modern industrial revolution and the content of labor, which forms the technotronic level of productive forces. The result of the interaction of the system elements is the formation of the third division of the economic space, i.e. the noosphere, and the process of gradual transformation of science into the main productive force. It is considered what changes should take place in the education system in order to correspond to these transformations. The materials of the article can be used in the educational process within the framework of the "Economics" and "Marketing" majors.

SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTIVE FORCES ON THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF HUMANITY

Scientific provisions on the social development of mankind in the third millennium in Ukraine and in the world are revealed. It is established that this direction is the result of the emergence in this period of a global continuous ecological, natural and socio-economic crisis of all mankind. In particular, the socio-economic crisis is manifested in the deterioration of socio-economic conditions of the vast majority of people and arise through the private-individual economic system of capitalism based on private ownership of means of production and class division of economic spheres. It is in this environment that the social contradictions between the two classes of owners for the means of production and the labor force, which can be reconciled in an evolutionary way under the influence of objective economic laws and the universe, mature. Such laws include such as the universal law of equilibrium, the law of human evolution, the social development of production relations in accordance with the level and quality of achievement of productive forces. Therefore, the progress of social relations is seen as a derivative of the development of productive forces, as a historical inevitability. The quantitative expression of the combination as the level of productive forces and production relations in the article considers the category of labor potential of society, in relation to which social development and change are determined, so the formula of its quantitative definition is revealed.

Global trends in the reproduction of human capital in the tertiary education system

This article assesses global trends in higher education. Two tasks are central to this effort:1) research into higher as performing the macro-function of producing human capital;2) a comparison of the organization and financing of higher education in different countries.Our hypothesis is as follows. Along with the influence of the mental development of the population and the level of productive forces, we believe that the main difference in the effectiveness of higher education systems is a consequence of the regulatory influences of governments.Study of the contradictions accumulated in the course of continuous reform allows us to propose measures to improve systemic interaction. The article compares the organization of higher education in the USA, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia at various stages, from admission to universities, to employment of graduates, and the corresponding organization and funding of the educational process. Research results are these. Comparing the indicators of applicant selection suggests replacing the Unified State Exam in Russia with an indicator of the weighted average score of electronic diaries. The study of the learning process showed a tendency to replace pure sciences in curricula with applied sciences. Variants of increasing the share of education in pure sciences are proposed to extend the life of basic competencies of graduates in conditions of local backwardness and uncertainty in the development of regional labor markets. For organization and financing of higher education, the analysis suggests an incompatibility between the Bologna system as introduced in Russia, and the preserved course system of education, with its fixed structure of curricula and expulsion for academic failure.The article shows ways to eliminate this incompatibility, such as the transition to a subjectstatus system of education and re-teaching in the subject. This will eliminate the current situation of fining universities for each expelled student. Conclusions are provided about the need for an integrated approach to subsequent transformations based on the study of global trends in the development of higher education and the preservation of the advantages of the development of Russian higher education.

MATERIAL BASIS OF ETHICAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS DESIRE IN ANCIENT EASTERN RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL SYSTEMS

Purpose of this article is to study the phenomenon of desire in Ancient Chinese and ancient Indian society, to reveal a material basis for the appearance and formation of the specific ethical attitude towards desire in the philosophical reflection of ancient thinkers. To fulfil this purpose, we should study and analyse methodology of desire studies in philosophical and psychological literature, analyse the ethical attitude towards desire in religious and philosophical texts of Chinese and Indian thinkers, understand social and economic basis of such an ethical attitude, that is to establish material basis of desire as the specific form of psychic activity and to recreate the logic of its development. Theoretical basis. Culturological and economic studies of orientalists and dialectical logic. Originality. The paper presents the analysis of the perspectives and drawbacks of different approaches in desire studies. Research of ethical attitude towards the desire in Ancient China and India allowed us to recreate the logic of social relations and the level of productive forces in that society. The ideological foundation of conservation and recreation of power and property relations was found in the religious doctrine of suppression of individual desires. The connection between desire formation and division of labour and its preservation in the religious, political and legal forms of social consciousness was shown. Methodological perspectives of dialectical logic were defined in the study of logical and historical coincidence in the further development of the phenomenon and the notion of desire. Conclusions. Analysis of modern philosophical and psychological literature has revealed methodological drawbacks in desire studies, as they are focused on studying desire’s notion, its representation or separate aspects of desire in individual psyche disregarding its inner logic and material basis of its becoming. Studies of the ethical attitude towards desire in Eastern culture have shown the consensus in desire suppression of individuals and similarities between Ancient Chinese and Indian cultures. There is shown significance and material basis of the transcendental law suppressing the desires even of the higher classes of the oriental society. The methodological approach stated in this article can be applied for further desire studies of Ancient Greece culture, Christian ethics and modern society.

The Peculiarities of Forming Rural School Students’ Healthy Living Skills after Shool and in Extracurricular Work by the Use of Information Innovation Technology

If we turn to the educational views and ideas in the history of education, we see that the goals of education have an active and changeable specific historical characteristics. Specifying its state policy and ideology determine the social needs, based on natural, social and human development of objective laws. In this structure, there is a need complies with the requirements of society development level of productive forces and relations of production quality, the pace of scientific and technical progress, economic opportunity society, the level of development of educational theory and practice of educational opportunities, the level of development of educators and teachers. Analysis of different definitions lead to the conclusion that innovation is a substantial change, and the main feature of innovative change - this is a function of the change. The innovation comes at a time when educational problems can not be solved by traditional forms, creating the need for new technologies in line with new goals and objectives. Despite the fact that the traditional and innovative educational technologies have differences, it does not mean that their unity should be considered separately. They have some inherent characteristics, but objectively they have common characteristics that bind them together. In order the teacher could effectively carry out the objectives and tasks of education and training, it must be based on the characteristics of each use of educational technology and adequately understand the meaning and essence of their relationship with each other.

ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЖИЛЫХ МЕСТ В ГОРНЫХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТАХ ВОСТОЧНОГО ЗАНГЕЗУРА

Traditional types and forms of settlement in Azerbaijan have developed over centuries and were determined by the level of socio-economic development, as well as natural and geographical conditions. The typology of settlements, in addition to socio economic relations and the level of productive forces, is influenced by a number of other significant factors: the type of economic activity of the population, ethnicity, population size, natural geographic environment climate, topography, water resources, remoteness of settlements from the main highways and large cities. New qualitative changes in the life of the people that occurred under the influence of these factors created the basis for the emergence of various types and forms of housing.

On the Correct Handling of the Relationship Between the Planned Economy and Market Regulation

The establishment of public ownership made it possible for humankind to control its own economic relations and carry on economic activity consciously according to a unified plan of society. However, the level of productive forces and the ownership system at the present stage in our country only permits putting the major part of production and circulation under the state plan; the whole of production and circulation cannot be encompassed by the state plan.

The Change of the Types of Local Communities with the Development of the Capitalism in Japan

This article is a study on the substantiative explication of the social change of local communities on and after the high economic growth in Japan, by establishing types of local communities, that is, all prefectures, all cities, towns and villages. Its basic purpose is the explication about the macro-structure of local communities in our time that differ from the macro-structure in old time understood as “city” and “village”.In this article I adopt the following indices for establishing types of local communities. - (1) as the criterion of the relatively independent character of local communities, (1) openness, (2) as the character of economic foundation in local communities, (2) level of productive forces, (3) industrial structure. And I analyze the change of the types of local communities established with the synthesis of the above three indices.As a result of the analysis, (1) in all prefectures, I find that we must understand the macro-structure of local communities in our time as the double structure, that is, the structural inequality between communities with weak economic foundation and managemental-administrative communities, the difference of productive forces in “industrial” communities. (2) In all cities, towns and villages, I find “a pyramid-like” structure of uneven development that has communities with central managemental function at the top, and that has agricultural communities with lower productive forces, communities with weak industrial foundation at the bottom. (3) I find that the difference between in all prefectures and in all cities, towns, and villages bases on deepening of the structure of uneven development among all cities, towns and villages in one prefecture.

Centralism in a Planned Economy: Boundaries and Methods

One of the basic advantages of the socialist economy is centralized economic planning, and its further improvement is a natural requirement. Under present conditions, this task is complicated by the attained level of productive forces, which reveal the contradictory nature of the relationship between them and production relations and which demand the improvement of their forms.

A Balance Sheet on Sixty Years of Soviet Foreign Policy

A resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union dated January 31, 1977, declares that “the victory of October |1917| is the main event of the twentieth century, one that radically changed the course of development for all humanity.” The reason is simple: That victory produced the world's first Socialist state.“Under Communist Party leadership the workers of our country successfully coped with the main and most complicated task of the socialist revolution—the creative.” This was done, we are told, under most difficult conditions, starting with the low level of productive forces and culture inherited from czarist Russia and including the hardships imposed by a series of external attacks.

The Law of Uneven and Combined Development and Latin America

David Romagnolo makes two main criticisms of law of uneven and combined development. First, it supposedly disregards leading principle of historical materialism that mode of production determines nature of a social formation. It thereby bases itself upon superficial peculiarities, exceptional features, of historical development instead of its general and fundamental ones. Second, law of uneven and combined development focuses on exchange rather than productive relations, thus lapsing into errors of vulgar bourgeois economists. Neither contention is factually correct. The law of uneven and combined development proceeds from premise that mode of production, constituted by level of productive forces and corresponding relations of production, is underlying determinant in all social structures and historical processes. Nor does law subordinate relations of productin to exchange relations, although it recognizes that in generalized commodity relations intrinsic to capitalism exchange relations have far greater importance than in pre-capitalist societies where sale and purchase of products is economically marginal. However, these two elementary Marxist principles provide points of departure and serve as guidelines for analyzing historically developed social formations in their full concreteness. With their aid it is necessary to go forward and explain why a particular mode of production manifests itself in such different ways and develops to such disparate degrees under different How is it, as Marx pointed out, that the same economic basis shows infinite variations and gradations of appearance? This can be ascertained, he tells us, only by analysis of empirically given circumstances. In this case we must ask: what empirical circumstances account for variations and gradations of appearance of modes of production in Latin America after its conquest and colonization?

Žmogiškosios kūrybos esminės sąlygos

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami metodologiniai klausimai, susiję su žmogiškosios kūrybos esminėmis sąlygomis. Mąstymo istorijoje šios sąlygos pirmą kartą atskleistos marksizmo-leninizmo klasikų veikaluose. Žmogiškoji kūrybinė veikla yra galima tik esant laisvei nuo fizinių poreikių. Šią laisvę įgalina dvi sąlygos: įveiktas ribotas žmonių santykiavimas su gamta – gamtos įvaldymas, viešpatavimas gamtai; įveiktas ribotas žmonių tarpusavio santykiavimas, kuris sutampa su prekinių-piniginių santykių panaikinimu, žmogaus viešpatavimu sau, laisve visuomeninės būties atžvilgiu, savo būties racionaliu tvarkymu, savęs paties pažinimu, supratimu. Gamtos įveikimas yra tik būtina sąlyga, kad žmogus galėtų viešpatauti ir sau pačiam. Minėtų aplinkybių (gamtos ir visuomenės) sužmoginimas rodo, kad kiekvienas visuomenės narys gali veikti laisvai, nepriklausomai nuo betarpiško fizinio poreikio, t. y. veikti žmogiškai, kūrybiškai.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREAT OCTOBER REVOLUTION

The article is devoted to the analysis of the international consequences of the Great October Revolution in view of its centenary. The authors note that in order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to highlight the consequences of the revolution in a narrow and broad sense, positive and negative; consequences for the whole world and for individual regions and countries; consequences that were immediate and more remote in time; consequences from the point of view of Soviet historiography, foreign historiography, modern Russian historiography; consequences in certain spheres ideological, foreign policy, economic, social, cultural. The article proves the idea of the legitimacy of using the name The Great October Revolution. An attempt was made to apply the civilizational approach, in particular, A. Toynbee's concept of "challenge-response" to the problem under consideration. At the same time, it is noted that the socialist revolution is the fruit of Russian history. In this connection, the authors draw attention to the fact that the first sprouts of socialism (at that level of productive forces burdened by the consequences of the First World War) inevitably bore the features of their time, the imprint of the contemporary cultural and moral image. All this contained a contradiction of reality, of real life with the declared ideals and expectations of the masses, thwarted crisis potencies in the development of socialist society. Also, the relationship between the processes of modernization of traditional society and revolution is traced in the work. There is an undoubted influence of the October Revolution on the emergence of a social state or "welfare society" inWestern Europein the second half of the XX century. Attention is focused on the main ideological constructions of the XX century and their relationship with the ideas of the Russian revolution.

Economic Reform and Finance

The chief goal of the present economic transformations is to increase the effectiveness of social production in every way, to accelerate the growth rates of the national income, and, on this basis, to raise steadily the material well-being of the Soviet people and to strengthen the nation's might. These transformations signify the further development of the Leninist principles of socialist management and the improvement of production relations in keeping with the attained level of productive forces and of scientific-technical progress.

Socialistinių ekonominių santykių teisinės formos klausimu

Autorius teigia, kad tarybinėje sociologinėje literatūroje yra nepakankamai apibrėžta nuosavybės sąvoka. Straipsnyje aptariama nuosavybės teisės genezė ir jos istorinis vaidmuo. Teigiama, kad nuosavybės instituto atsiradimas yra tiesiogiai susijęs su mainų, kaip visuomeninės gamybos produktų pasiskirstymo formos, įsigalėjimu, kurį objektyviai sąlygojo gamybinių jėgų išsivystymas. Nuosavybės sąvoka yra teisinė sąvoka ir tik šia prasme ji tinka ekonominiams santykiams apibūdinti. Socialistinėje visuomenėje, kaip pirmojoje komunistinės visuomenės išsivystymo fazėje, nuosavybės teisės institutas dar yra būtinas kaip produktų skirstymo forma. Vartojimas čia yra susijęs su individo asmenine teise į vartojamuosius daiktus. Socialistiniai ekonominiai santykiai turi teisinę nuosavybės santykių formą. Daroma išvada, kad perėjimas į antrąją komunistinės visuomenės išsivystymo fazę yra susijęs su nuosavybės teisės instituto ir ekonominių santykių teisinės formos išnykimu.