Levels Of Emotional Stress Research Articles

톨게이트 근로자의 직무스트레스, 감정노동이 신체화 증상에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study was attempted to identify the emotional labor and job stress levels of toll gate workers and to identify factors affecting somatic symptoms. Methods: The data collection period was from March 18, 2016 to April 8, 2016. The subjects of this study were workers at three highway toll gates in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and a total of 172 data were used for the final study. For data analysis, SPSS 18.0 program was used, and t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation, and multiple stepwise regression were performed. Results: As a result of this study, it was found that the factors affecting the somatization symptoms of toll gate workers were age, employment type, sleep time, job satisfaction, job stress, and emotional labor. As a factor influencing the subject's somatization symptoms, relational conflict and workplace culture were found among the sub-factors of job stress. As a factor influencing the subject's somatization symptoms, Interpersonal conflict and Occupational climate were found among the sub-factors of job stress.As a factor influencing the subject's somatization symptoms, the sub-factor of emotional labor was customer respons. Conclusion: In conclusion, in the workplace, it is necessary to identify factors of toll-gate workers' workplace Interpersonal conflicts, improve Occupational climate to manage job stress, and to alleviate the intensity of emotional labor from customer respons.

Nivel de inteligencia emocional y estrés laboral en enfermeras de hospitales I - red asistencial La Libertad Essalud

This descriptive correlational investigation, it made since January and December 2019. The purpose was to determine relationship between the level of emotional Intelligence and Work Stress in 94 nurses at hospitals level I La Libertad Healthcare Networkm. The Bar on emotional Intelligence questionnaire and the questionnaire to work Stress based on The Nursing Stress Scale by Pamela Graay Toft y James G were used as instruments. The information so far entered and processed in program IBM SPSS STATISTICS version 25, the results are presente in single and double entry tablets, to determine if there is a relationship between variables, The Pearson correlation test was used considering that there is suficiente evidence of statistical significance if the probability of have a mistake is less than 5 percent (p≤0.05), being 0.001 for what he considers highly significant and also the normality of the data was carried out with the proof of Kolmogorov smirnov. The folowing results are reached as obtained:  64.9 percent of nurses have a highly developed and adequate level of emotional intelligence, 46.8 percent have a high level of Work Stress. There conclution is significant relationship between level of emotional Intelligence and work Stress.

Piloting the Use of Concept Mapping to Engage Geographic Communities for Stress and Resilience Planning in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The physical and social characteristics of urban neighborhoods engender unique stressors and assets, contributing to community-level variation in health over the lifecourse. Actors such as city planners and community organizations can help strengthen resilience in places where chronic stress is endemic, by learning about perceived stressors and assets from neighborhood users themselves (residents, workers, business owners). This study piloted a methodology to identify Toronto neighborhoods experiencing chronic stress and to engage them to identify neighborhood stressors, assets, and solutions. Crescent Town was identified as one neighborhood of interest based on relatively high levels of emotional stress in Twitter Tweets produced over two one-year periods (2013–2014 and 2017–2018) and triangulation using other neighborhood-level data. Using concept mapping, community members (n = 23) created a ten-cluster concept map describing neighborhood stressors and assets, and identified two potential strategies, a Crescent Town Residents’ Association and a community fair to promote neighborhood resources and build social networks. We discuss how this knowledge has circulated through the City of Toronto and community-level organizations to date, and lessons for improving this methodology.

Mental Health and Work Experiences of Interpreters in the Mental Health Care of Refugees: A Systematic Review

Background: Interpreters often play a crucial role in the health care of refugees. Although interpreters working with refugees are regularly confronted with emotionally stressful content, little is known about their work-related stress and psychological well-being. Primarily qualitative studies indicate increased emotional stress in interpreters, and difficulties in handling the traumatic content from their clients. Additionally, the working conditions of interpreters appear to be demanding, due to low payment and a lack of supervision or adequate preparation.Objective: The presented systematic review aimed to identify and summarise quantitative and qualitative research on the mental health of interpreters in the mental health care of refugees.Method: A systematic search was performed in five databases, and specific interpreting journals were searched. After removal of duplicates, 6,920 hits remained. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies as well as case studies and grey literature. The studies aimed to examine mental health aspects or work experiences of spoken language interpreters in mental health care settings for adult refugees.Results: Altogether, 25 studies were identified, including six quantitative and 19 qualitative studies. Studies were analysed and presented narratively. In the analysis of the qualitative studies, three themes emerged: “Emotions, behaviour, and coping strategies,” “Working in a triad,” and “Working environment.” In the quantitative studies, interpreters showed heightened levels of emotional stress and anxiety, and secondary traumatic stress reactions. In several qualitative studies, interpreters described a devaluing health care system and stressful working conditions with a lack of support structures.Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate a high level of stress among interpreters working with refugees. Quantitative data are sparse, and studies employ heterogeneous assessments in diverse study settings. Therefore, future quantitative research is necessary to consistently investigate interpreters' mental health in different mental health care settings.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42019117948.

Emotion detection on webpages using biosensors integrated to a window-based dynamic control system

PurposeDetecting emotion on user experience of web applications and browsing is important in many ways. Web designers and developers find such approach quite useful in enhancing navigational features of webpages, and biomedical personnel regularly use computer simulations to monitor and control the behaviour of patients. On the other hand, law enforcement agents rely on human physiological functions to determine the likelihood of falsehood in interrogations. Quite often, online user experience is studied via tangible measures such as task completion time, surveys and comprehensive tests from which data attributes are generated. Prediction of users' emotion and behaviour in some of these cases depends mostly on task completion time and number of clicks per given time interval. However, such approaches are generally subjective and rely heavily on distributional assumptions making the results prone to recording errors.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose a novel method-a window dynamic control system that addresses the foregoing issues. Primary data were obtained from laboratory experiments during which forty-four volunteers had their synchronised physiological readings, skin conductance response (SCR), skin temperature (ST), eye movement behaviour and users’ activity attributes taken using biosensors. The window-based dynamic control system (PHYCOB I) is integrated to the biosensor which collects secondary data attributes from these synchronised physiological readings and uses them for two purposes. For both detection of optimal emotional responses and users' stress levels. The method's novelty derives from its ability to integrate physiological readings and eye movement records to identify hidden correlates on a webpage.FindingsResults show that the control system detects basic emotions and outperforms other conventional models in terms of both accuracy and reliability, when subjected to model comparison that is, the average recoverable natural structures for the three models with respect to accuracy and reliability are more consistent within the window-based control system environment than with the conventional methods.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited to using a window control system to detect emotions on webpages, while integrated to biosensors and eye-tracker.Originality/valueThe originality of the proposed model is its resistance to overfitting and its ability to automatically assess human emotion (stress levels) while dealing with specific web contents. The latter is particularly important in that it can be used to predict which contents of webpages cause stress-induced emotions to users when involved in online activities.

Prevalencia y factores de desgaste profesional en radiólogos durante la pandemia COVID-19

BackgroundThe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spread throughout the world from the beginning of 2020, increasing healthcare professionals’ workloads and levels of physical and emotional stress. AimsTo determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in Spanish radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors associated with the development of this syndrome, and to compare these findings with those obtained before the pandemic. MethodsThis observation study took place between April 2020 and August 2020 (during the pandemic) through an online survey. A total of 150 responses were obtained. Demographic and work-related information was compiled. Burnout syndrome was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The prevalence and characteristics of burnout syndrome obtained in this survey were compared with those of the same survey done in 2019. We performed a statistical analysis to identify possible risk factors and protective factors associated with this syndrome and to determine the homogeneity of the two samples. ResultsThe prevalence of burnout syndrome increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (49.3% vs. 33.6%, p=0.002). No risk factors or protective factors that were valid both before and after the pandemic were identified. No correlations were identified between sociodemographic or work-related characteristics and burnout syndrome. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that burnout syndrome increased significantly in radiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting nearly half of all those who responded to the survey. These results underline the need to assess support for professional wellbeing of radiologists in Spain. No correlations were identified between burnout and gender, age, number of calls, years in the job, annual income, teaching, marital status, number of children, or type of contract.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 on diabetes mellitus patients in Cape Coast, Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic has had a greater psychological impact on patients with chronic ailments such as diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS compared to those without chronic conditions. We explored the psychological impacts of COVID-19 among people living with diabetes mellitus in Ghana.Methodsthis study employed a hospital-based cross-sectional design involving 157 diabetes mellitus patients aged 20 years and above. We assessed diabetes distress by the seventeen-item diabetes stress (DDS17) scale and COVID-19 worries by 3 specific benchmarks: “worry about overly affected due to diabetes if infected with COVID-19”, “worry about people with diabetes characterized as a risk group” and “worry about not able to manage diabetes if infected with COVID-19”. A close-ended questionnaire was used in data collection.Resultsof 157 diabetic patients interviewed, the majority had type 2 diabetes mellitus with known complications and only 42.7% were managing COVID-19 symptoms. The participants showed moderate to high level of COVID-19 specific worry, moderate fear of isolation, and low level of diabetes-associated distress. About 33.8% of the study population expressed a sense of worry towards the pandemic. The logistic regression showed that age, employment status, and presence of other chronic diseases were significantly associated with worries about being overly affected if infected with COVID-19 due to their diabetes status. Age and sex were associated with worries about people with diabetes being characterized as a risk group and age, sex and employment status were associated with participants who were worried about not being able to manage diabetes if infected with COVID-19.Conclusionthe general trend indicates a sense of worry among diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic which is associated with poorer psychological health. Clients' education and counseling on COVID-19 are necessary to address some of their concerns to minimize the level of anxiety and emotional stress in these individuals.

Psychosocial Experiences in Children With Congenital Melanocytic Nevus on the Face and Their Parents Throughout the Tissue Expansion Treatment.

Large congenial melanocytic nevus (LCMN) on the head and face can have negative psychological effects on children and possibly also parents. Patients and their families experience prolonged periods of stress during tissue expansion treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of LCMN on children and parents and explore their fluctuations of psychological status during treatment. Psychosocial status was evaluated in 30 children with LCMN on the head and face and a control group of 56 sex- and age-matched children using the Child Behavior Checklist and the inventory of Subjective Life Quality for Child and Adolescents. The parents of both groups were also evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Psychological assessments were performed before expander implantation, before lesion resection, and after operation. Results indicated that children with LCMN were more prone to social problems, withdrawal, and aggressive behavior. Furthermore, their psychological problems increased after entering to school. Parents of children with LCMN had high levels of emotional problems and stress. Continuous expansion resulted in the psychosocial status of both children and parents to reach the worst levels during the period before lesion resection. Six months after surgery, most of these psychosocial effects reduced to levels lower than before surgery. Additionally, we identified several risk factors, namely sex, number of operations, being in education, employment status of mother, and family pressures. Large congenial melanocytic nevus on head and face have considerable psychological impact on children and their parents throughout the tissue expansion treatment. This study demonstrates the need for appropriate psychological screening and interventions.

Determinants of maternal health four weeks after delivery: cross-sectional findings from the KUNO-kids health study

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the interaction of a multitude of socio-economic, lifestyle, environmental, psychosocial and birth related determinants and their effect on maternal health four weeks after delivery.MethodsWe used data from a German birth cohort study, the KUNO-Kids health study. Social determinants, as well as the self-rated maternal health and the physical and mental health status of mothers (indicated by means of the SF-12-questionnaire) were assessed through standardized questionnaires and personal interviews right after delivery and four weeks later. Linear regression models were calculated to determine the relationship between influencing factors and health outcomes.Results1428 women were included in the analysis. Maternal self-rated health showed significant positive associations with breastfeeding (B (regression coefficient) 2.67; 0.86–4.48 (95% Confidence interval)) and estimating one’s child as rather healthy (B 0.27; 0.19–0.34) and negative associations with social and emotional strains (B -3.50; -5.11- -1.88), obesity (B -2.56; -4.69- -0.42), having experienced a C-section (B -1.73; -3.23- -0.23), a positive history of somatic diseases (B -2.14; -3.53- -0.74), parental stress (B -0.39; -0.66- -0.11) and education of more than ten years (B -2.42; -3.95- -0.90).Maternal physical health status showed significant negative associations with age (B -0.13; -0.25- -0.01), employment before maternity leave (B -1.90; -3.59- -0.21), social and emotional strains (B -1.50; -2.67- -0.34), parental stress (B -0.28; -0.45- -0.12), C-section (B -4.06; -5.12- -2.99), having the first child (B -2.03; -3.09- -0.97) and a history of somatic diseases (B -2.00; -2.99- -1.01).Maternal mental health status showed significant positive associations with education of more than 10 years (B 2.27; 0.98–3.56) and a high level of social support (B 1.20; 0.06–2.34), while social and emotional strains (B -4.16; -5.48- -2.84) and parental stress (B -0.70; -0.92- -0.47) were negatively associated.ConclusionsWe identified important protective factors for maternal health four weeks after delivery, such as a high level of social support. However, parental stress and social and emotional strains in particular seem to have a negative influence on maternal health. These findings have public health relevance.

The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on stress and difficulties in foster parents of children with intellectual disabilities: effects of the online specialized support

Foster care of children with intellectual disabilities raises important problems. Much evidence suggests that foster parents of children with special needs face elevated levels of stress and care difficulties. We examined the differences between foster parents who received and those who did not receive online support during the COVID-19 pandemic in the level of emotional mental health, objective and subjective care stress. Results showed that helpful online support during the COVID-19 pandemic is significantly related with fewer children’s problem behaviours. Actions related to stress in foster care of children with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic are recommended.

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

IntroductionOne of the most serious socio-educational measures for children and adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil is their internment. This measure may represent an additional source of stress to this population and present significant impacts in the mental health context. This study aims to describe anxiety levels, depression, and addictive consumption, as well as to estimate the causalities and interactions of these variables.MethodsHerein, we report a study in which 175 male juveniles from youth detention institutions of the Federal District voluntarily completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a short self-rating questionnaire asking whether and how often they had experienced cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard” psychotropic drugs (e.g., crack, cocaine, amphetamine) 1 year prior to institutionalization.ResultsOf the total participants, 28.00% showed moderate to severe depression scores and 34.28% showed moderate to severe anxiety scores. In addition, the vast majority of participants also reported some antecedent drug abuse, including cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard drugs.” The BDI scores moderately correlated with BAI, but none of these parameters considerably correlated with the antecedent drug abuse.ConclusionsThe data indicate potentially concerning levels of emotional distress in these institutionalized juveniles which seem to be independent of addictive behaviors. These data deserve attention and further investigation. Thus, a need for preventative mental health for the general population and socio-educational intervention aimed at interned youth which can decrease levels of emotional stress is emphasized.

Evaluation of Stress and Burnout Levels of Healthcare Professionals Working in COVID-19 Services

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan Province of China in December 2019 and has affected the whole world in a short time. During the pandemic period, healthcare professionals have to work at a very busy pace both with increased workload and at a risk of contamination. This study was conducted to evaluate the stress and burnout levels of healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 services. Method: Maslach Burnout Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale were used as the data collection tools. The scores obtained from the scales were compared according to demographic characteristics such as gender, profession, marital status, having children, people lived together and presence of a chronic disease. SPSS packaged software was used for the analysis of data. Results: It was found that while emotional burnout levels of the nurses were higher, the depersonalization levels of health technicians were lower. Emotional burnout and stress levels of the women were higher than those of men. It was seen that stress levels of those with a chronic disease were higher. Emotional burnout, depersonalization and stress levels of healthcare professionals who were tested for COVID-19 disease were higher. Personal accomplishment scores of those who were working voluntarily in COVID-19 services were higher. Conclusion: It was concluded that the healthcare professionals with high stress and burnout levels had high levels of stress and burnout levels during COVID-19 Pandemic due to reasons such as the disease transmission risk and increased workload.

Stress and resilience among pregnant teenagers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

INTRODUCTIONThe period of pregnancy is associated with some level of physical, emotional and psychological stress which can be particularly heightened and have more deleterious impact when the expectant mother is a teenager who needs higher level of resilience to cope with the challenges linked with motherhood. This study aimed to assess the level of perceived pregnancy-related stress and its relationship with the level of resilience.METHODSAn analytical cross-sectional study design was employed using a structured questionnaire and the study was conducted among 241 adolescents. Perceived stress and resilience were measured using Perceived Stress Scale, and Wagnild & Young Resilience Scale, respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using percentages, means with standard deviations, Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSMajority of the respondents (194; 80.5%) were categorized as having moderate level of perceived pregnancy-related stress and 186 (77.2%) had low level of resilience. A significant inverse relationship was found between perceived pregnancy-related stress and resilience (r=-0.15, p=0.02). At multivariate level, three variables emerged as independent predictors of higher level of pregnancy-related stress: feeling of shame (OR=3.39; CI: 1.01–11.34), male partner’s rejection of pregnancy (OR=3.43; CI: 1.45–8.12) and lack of parental involvement in care (OR= 3.56; CI: 1.65–7.71).CONCLUSIONSThere is a significant inverse relationship between perceived pregnancyrelated stress and resilience among teenagers in Nigeria, with higher resilience among the older age groups and those who had support from significant others.

Features of educational adaptation of young girls and young boys who are in institutions of higher medical education, using the distance format of the educational process

The study of the peculiarities of educational adaptation of young girls and young boys of higher medical education, using the distance format of the educational process, is an important component of research that involves identifying risk factors for the likely development of negative changes in the adaptive resources of their body. The research, based on the application of questionnaires and structured interviews, was conducted on the basis of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, where 110 students of 1-st and 3-rd courses were under supervision during the observation period. The analysis of the obtained data involved the application of descriptive statistics procedures based on the use of a package of statistical analysis applications “Statistica 6.1 for Windows” (licensed № ВXXR901E245722FA). In the course of research the peculiarities of educational adaptation of young girls and young boys who are in the institution of higher medical education during the use of the distance format of the educational process are determined. During the analysis of the peculiarities of educational and, first of all, professionally-oriented education in a higher education institution, it was established that the level of academic success in all taught disciplines (p<0.05) and in professionally-oriented subjects, in the distance learning format was higher than during the period of traditional classroom classes. It was found that distance learning helped to increase (p<0.05) the level of nervous and emotional stress, and the main problems that arose during training in higher medical education in both options for organizing training and 1-st year and 3-rd year students mostly associated either with a feeling of constant fatigue, or with personal reasons. According to the physiological and hygienic assessment of the correlates of well-being of girls and boys at the end of school days in terms of distance learning format should be considered “bad”, which is primarily due to the growing share of relevant data which is primarily due to the increase in the share of relevant data and a decrease in the share of indicators that marked the state of health as “good”. The indicators regarding the peculiarities of the state of health and functional capabilities of the students’ body should have been considered similar.

Healthcare workers’ knowledge, risk perception, safety-relevant practices, and work situation during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative survey from Switzerland

Objective: To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers and healthcare students in higher education and to assess their clinical knowledge, media use, risk perception, perception of governmental measures, and adherence to preventive guidelines to provide policymakers with field-based evidence.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted by two-stage cluster sampling among Swiss healthcare workers, who performed patient care during the first pandemic wave, and who also pursued an education at a university of applied sciences at the same time (a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in nursing or an executive degree in healthcare). 75 individuals participated between 5th May and 1st June 2020. Their data was analyzed by bivariate hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression.Results: Considerable levels of task-related and emotional stress were prevalent, accompanied by a large proportion of respondents who did not have sufficient protective materials or necessary decisions in place to effectively protect themselves or others from infection with COVID-19. Knowledge was considerably limited, especially regarding the efficacy of standard hygiene as a preventive measure. The preparation of the government and the healthcare sector was perceived as insufficient.Conclusions: Comprehensive management of infodemic challenges and foresighted development of education, human resources, clinical processes, and protective materials are highly recommended.

СОВЛАДАЮЩЕЕ ПОВЕДЕНИЕ ПЕДАГОГОВ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ С РАЗНЫМ УРОВНЕМ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis and empirical study of the problem of coping behavior and professional burnout among teachers of preschool educational institutions. The teaching profession belongs to the category of stressful ones, requiring constant mobilization of personal resources to cope with a difficult life situation, ensure high efficiency of professional activity and maintain internal balance. The teachers who use mostly ineffective strategies for coping with stress, there is a decrease in indicators of professional activity and symptoms of professional burnout. The level of emotional stress in the professional activity of the teacher of a preschool educational institution (KEI) is significantly higher than that of teachers at other levels of education, due to the high level of responsibility for the life and health of pupils. The purpose of the empirical study was to identify the specifics of strategies for coping with stress among teachers of preschool educational institutions, depending on the severity of the professional burnout syndrome. The study involved teachers of preschool educational institutions – 82 people, the age range of the sample is from 21 to 66 years, the average age is 44 years. It was found that the majority of preschool teachers show symptoms of professional burnout (98,8 %), in a third of teachers in the sample (36,6 %), the indicator of professional burnout reaches «high» and «above average» levels. The specificity of the use of ineffective and effective strategies of coping behavior among teachers with different levels of professional benefit has been revealed. In the groups of teachers with lower rates of professional burnout, the rates of the used productive coping strategies are higher. With age and an increase in teaching experience, the risk of professional burnout increases. Statistically significant relationships were established between the indicators of professional burnout and the indicators of the length of service and age of teachers.

From Saliva to Faeces and Everything in Between: A Guide to Biochemical Analysis Using Animal Samples for Biomarker Detection

Over the last decade, interest in the emotional states and stress levels of animals has grown. These emotional states can have secondary effects for owners, for example if an animal becomes aggressive this can lead to relinquishment or even euthanasia. In addition, long term stressful situations can have serious health impacts upon animals and can affect meat quality in livestock. A variety of methods can be used to investigate biomarkers in animals, and many different sample types can be taken to facilitate this. The choice of assay will often depend on the animal under investigation and practicalities of obtaining the sample. The assay choice can also be dependent on testing conditions such as the field vs laboratory, samples taken, costs, and the desired results. There is also the question of the timescales of the investigated response- do you want to test what happened over the last month? Last week? Yesterday? Or within the last hour? This review highlights some of the pros and cons of the different samples, and the different methods for biomarker analysis in animals. Studies can be made or broken based on the type of samples taken, and what aspects are to be investigated, and this simple decision can make a world of difference to the results of an investigation. Careful planning and thought before starting a study, can make the difference between a scientific breakthrough with animal welfare and husbandry implications, or poor results which are of little use to man nor beast.

Cognitive and emotional disturbances of patients with type II diabetes mellitus

At all stages of development of somatic disease, one of the most significant factors influencing the clinical picture and the nature of the disease is the mental state of the patient. It is known that the basis of psychosomatic disorders, which include type II diabetes, are emotional disorders that adversely affect psychosomatic pathology and can not only provoke its occurrence, but also lead to recurrence of psychosomatic disease. A comprehensive clinical, psychopathological and psychodiagnostic examination of 82 patients with moderate type 2 diabetes mellitus (46 women and 36 men) aged (35.9±10.1) years was perfomed, in compliance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. The study of cognitive functions by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) revealed mild (51.2%) or moderate (49.8%) cognitive impairment in examined patients, on average in the group examined the overall score by the MMSE Scale was (25.2±0.2) points. The conducted psychodiagnostic study showed an increase in the level of situational [(55.7±6.1) points] and personal anxiety [(54.5±6.4) points] by the Spielberger-Khanin Scale. 65.8% of the examined patients had a mild episode, 11.5% had a moderate depressive episode, and 56.1% of the examined patients had a mild, 40.3% moderate anxiety episode by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The examined patients are characterized by a high level of emotional stress, anxiety, asthenic symptom complex and hypochondriac manifestations. Keywords: type II diabetes mellitus, cognitive disorders, emotional disorders, anxiety.

An integrated approach to assessing students’ emotional stability under the COVID-19 pandemic

In contemporary unpredictably threatening environmental conditions, many students, like individuals of other walks of life who realise the potential danger of corona virus disease for their health and even life, are likely to experience higher than usual levels of emotional stress and consequent behavioural changes, like proneness to self-handicapping, escapism, giving preference to avoidance-type of coping strategies etc. This article presents the description and the expediency of using, for the monitoring of the emotional states of the students, a computer-assisted technique for assessing the mode of information processing preferred by the individual in the stressful conditions. The unified holistic-synthetic mode is found to be pertinent to emotionally stable individuals and consecutive analytical ones compared to the emotional vulnerable ones. The technique can be used for monitoring the emotional states of students and accounting for them in the process of teaching.
 
 Keywords: Emotional stability, cognitive processes, strategy of informational processes, consecutive analytical, holistic-synthetic mode.

Correlations Between the Adenotonsillar Microbiome and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Snoring.

ObjectivesFew studies have reported combined analyses of the microbiome of the adenoids and tonsils in pediatric patients with snoring, and correlations of the adenotonsillar microbiome with clinical characteristics have not been evaluated to date. The aim of this study was to characterize the adenotonsillar microbiome and to determine its correlations with the subjective symptoms of pediatric patients with snoring and with levels of regional mucosal immune molecules.MethodsTwenty-four children who underwent tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy owing to snoring were enrolled in this cross-sectional study conducted between August 2017 and December 2018. The microbiome of the adenoids and tonsils was characterized, and its alpha- and beta-diversity was determined. Clinical characteristics, including subjective discomfort during sleep (assessed using the obstructive sleep apnea-18 questionnaire), the presence of allergic rhinitis, concentrations of heat shock protein (Hsp)27, Hsp70, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in lavage fluids, and white blood cell (WBC) counts, were measured.ResultsAt the phylum level, the microbiome was not significantly different between the adenoids and tonsils; the alpha and beta indices were likewise not significantly different between these two regions. The alpha-diversity of the entire adenotonsillar microbiome was associated with sex, emotional stress, and IL-8 levels in the tonsil lavage fluids. Beta-diversity was associated with Hsp27 levels in the tonsil lavage fluids and WBC counts. Multiple allergen simultaneous test results were not significant, although total serum immunoglobulin E levels were significantly associated with the beta-diversity of the adenotonsillar microbiome.ConclusionThe data reported herein suggest, for the first time, that the adenotonsillar microbiome interacts with the regional mucosal immune system. The observed association of the microbiome with subjective discomfort is a novel finding that warrants further investigation.