Educational Level Quality Research Articles

Training status in evidence-based practices among in-service special education teachers and its association with teaching in autism educational settings

The present study investigates the adequacy of training, perceived knowledge, and the frequency of use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) among in-service special education teachers and its association with their teaching practices in autism educational settings in Jordan. Additionally, it analyzes the influence of key variables, including gender, age, level of educational qualification, number of years teaching in special education, number of years teaching students with autism, number of students with autism in the classroom, and number of in-service professional development programs attended. Using an analytical descriptive approach utilizing survey-based research, a convenience sample of 121 teachers from seven specialized autism centers reported on their training adequacy, knowledge, and frequency of use of a set of 23 EBPs. The results showed that the adequacy of in-service training was higher than that of pre-service training. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between in-service training, teachers’ knowledge, and the use of EBPs. The number of in-service professional development training programs emerged as the only variable that significantly influenced the teachers’ responses regarding the adequacy of their in-service training. The multiple regression analysis revealed that in-service training programs and years of teaching students with autism were the only predictors of teachers’ knowledge and use of EBPs. The most reported EBPs were reinforcement, task analysis, and modeling, whereas the least reported were video modeling, social narratives, and functional communication. Further enhancements in teacher training in EBPs are needed to improve teacher training programs in Jordan.

THE REALITY OF THE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP WHICH ARE BASED ON THE SOFT SKILLS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE EDUCATION AND FORMATION WOMEN AND MEN- GUELMIM-OUED REGION MOROCCO AS A MODEL

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to examine the implementation of educational leadership based on soft skills by leaders of educational institutions in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region of Morocco, as perceived by women and men in education and training. This inquiry is situated within the framework of transformational leadership outlined in the tenth commitment of the 2022/2026 Roadmap. Methods: Utilizing a descriptive analytical approach, the research involved administering a questionnaire covering eight domains related to soft skills: communication, time management, teamwork, planning, emotional intelligence, decision-making, problem-solving, and organizational skills. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 308 educators, both women and men, in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and a five-point Likert scale. Results: The findings indicate that the practice of educational leadership based on soft competencies is perceived as 'very high' in the areas of communication, leadership, and teamwork, with other domains registering as 'high'. Statistically significant differences were observed concerning the educational staff variable (teaching, administration), favoring teaching staff in communication skills. However, no statistically significant differences were observed based on gender or educational qualification levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of soft skills in educational leadership and recommends the adoption of quality standards based on these skills in both initial and continuous training of administrative staff. The study suggests integrating soft skills criteria into the evaluation of the performance of heads of educational institutions and task assignments to ensure effective leadership practices in the region's educational landscape.

Modelling Determinants of Time to Age at First Marriage Among Nigeria Women: Stratified-Extended Cox Model

The time to age at first marriage is the duration of time between birth until the age at which women began to live with their first partner. This study seeks to apply the Stratified-Extended Cox model (SE-Cox) which addresses the limitations of Cox proportional Hazard model and combines the features of both Stratified Cox and Extended Cox in a single model. The data on age at first marriage of women aged 15-49 from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2018 was used. It was observed that Highest educational qualification level, religion, birth cohort and age at first sex violates the Cox proportional hazard assumptions. The Highest educational qualification and religion are assumed to be strata while birth cohort and age at first sex are assumed to be time-varying covariates. The study showed that region, location of residence, wealth index, respondent age at first sex and birth cohort are significant factors that affects the age at first marriage.

Digital transformation research trends in Ukraine and the world: meta & bibliometric analysis

In this work, the main trends in research and publication activity in digital transformation in the world and Ukraine are analyzed using meta- and bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, bibliometric data on scientific publications on the topic of digital transformations in the Google Scholar and Scopus databases were selected, which were additionally analyzed using the VOSviewer software package. Based on filtering the results obtained, an array was formed that included 366 scientific publications for 2019–2023 in Ukrainian in the Google Scholar database and 3,703 scientific publications in English for 2020–2023 in the Scopus database. Dynamic time analysis revealed a significant surge of scientific interest in the topic of digital transformations in recent years, while structural analysis revealed the multi-industry structure of existing research. The creation of bibliographic maps of keywords and publication maps allowed us to form an idea of the main thematic areas of research in the context of digital transformations and their opinion leaders. The data obtained became the basis for formulating recommendations for further areas of research in digital transformation, in particular, on the development of a unified roadmap for the digital transformation of education at different educational qualification levels and for various specialties. This will contribute to the formation of a single systemic approach to the digital transformation of Ukraine as a guarantee for the state’s sustainable development, well-being, strengthening of national security, speeding up the pace of European integration processes, as well as promoting national interests at the international level.

ТҮШТҮК КОРЕЯДАГЫ БИЛИМ БЕРҮҮ САПАТЫНЫН МОНИТОРИНГИ

This article examines the education quality monitoring system in South Korea, with a special focus on primary education. Covering key points about standardized testing, rating systems, and innovative teaching methods, it provides a comprehensive review of effective practices across the country. The author emphasized the importance of primary education in forming an educational culture that promotes the development of critical thinking and creative abilities of junior students. The findings of the study provide valuable lessons for other countries seeking to improve the quality of their education systems. Thе article discusses the education system and monitoring the quality of education in South Korea, which currently occupies a leading position in international educational rankings. Since 1995, South Korea has been participating in international studies to assess the quality of education TIMSS, since 2000 PISA and in recent years has been recognized as a leading country with a high level of education quality. One of the factors of the high quality of education in South Korea is the national character of the educational culture of Koreans, who traditionally consider education an important component of the future success of both the country and every family. According to the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the socio- economic development of South Korea does not have a direct impact on the educational achievements of the country, but is associated with an effective national education system. And as a result, the high quality of education leads to an increase in the socio-economic development of the country as a whole.

Theoretical analysis of the definition of «Creative Pedagogy»

In modern society knowledge of Creative Pedagogy ensures high potential of educational activities and achievement of a high level of education quality. The education system is faced with the task of qualitatively preparing a modern graduate for further education and work. Solving this problem requires the search and implementation of new teaching methods, which are a meaningful component of Creative Pedagogy. Scientific works do not fully present a comprehensive analysis of Creative Pedagogy. They primarily reveal only some aspects related to the creativity of a teacher and the principles of organizing a creative environment. The weak theoretical development of the issue under consideration allowed us to formulate the following research problem: what are the essential characteristics of Creative Pedagogy? The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical approaches to the definition of “Creative Pedagogy”. Solving the stated goal required the use of theoretical research methods (analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of existing knowledge on the problem under study, generalization). The empirical basis of the study is represented by analytical materials and information resources on the Internet.The results of the research include 1) the concept of “Creative Pedagogy” is considered as an innovative direction of the new education paradigm; 2) the potential of Creative Pedagogy in educational activities has been revealed; 3) the pedagogical conditions for the creative orientation of pedagogical activity have been determined; 4) the basic principles of creating a creative educational environment have been outlined.Key findings: The study extends pedagogical theory toward understanding the content of Creative Pedagogy; the presented basic principles can be used by teachers when organizing a creative educational environment, and the proposed creative teaching methods can be used to stimulate the cognitive activity of students.

Employee’s personal characteristics and their perception on employee engagement: A study on hotel employees

Employee engagement is the concept by which an employee’s intellectual and his emotional attachment to work and organization is measured. Employees of the hotels are to be engaged to reduce employee turnover, enhance customer satisfaction and improved business performance that influences the sustainability of the organization in an aggressively competitive market. Data for the research has been collected from a four and five star category hotels at Kolkata which is analyzed for the role of employee’s personal characteristics, on the employee’s perception on engagement. The finding suggest that employee’s level of educational qualification and there gender have great role in their level of organizational engagement. Suggestions has been provided to improve the employee engagement in the study organizations.

Unlocking the potential of technology usage in fostering education quality and students' satisfaction: a case of Pakistani higher education

PurposeThis research aims to determine the levels of education quality (EQ), technology usage (TU), students' satisfaction (SS) and the impact of EQ on SS. Also, it seeks to find out how TU as a moderator affects EQ and SS in Pakistani private higher education institutions (HEIs).Design/methodology/approachA total of 440 postgraduate students at eleven private universities in Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, participated in empirical research and data were obtained through the use of an online questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to choose participants and partial least square structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings revealed that Pakistani private HEIs have a medium level of EQ, TU and SS. Furthermore, the data reveal the existence of a significant positive relationship between EQ and SS, whereas TU as a moderator was found to negatively affect EQ and SS.Research limitations/implicationsPostgraduate students of private HEIs in Pakistan were considered for this investigation and this study was limited to testing only in Punjab province. Another limitation of this study is that it was based on a research framework from previous research and literature. This study employed questionnaire surveys to conduct evaluations of teachers' teaching quality by university students. Furthermore, the questionnaire employed student self-evaluations to assess the quality of teaching. The research data would be more detailed if it were possible to include teachers' self-evaluations of their teaching quality.Practical implicationsThe current study provides key insights for policymakers, higher education commission and HEIs. The results suggest leveraging the identified medium levels of EQ, TU and student satisfaction in Pakistani private HEIs. In an effort to boost the medium levels, policymakers are encouraged to enhance the teaching and learning experience by robustly integrating Web 4.0 technologies. Institutions can intervene strategically by investing in infrastructure and innovative tools aligned with students' technological needs. Likewise, policymakers and institutions can optimize learning management systems (LMS) by developing and implementing policies that encourage their adoption and optimization across HEIs. This may contribute to the accomplishment of the United Nations' sustainable development goal of providing quality education. Moreover, with the help of this research HEIs can establish minimum quality standards regarding academic teaching and learning materials. Implementing the above-mentioned practical implications might boost student satisfaction in HEIs which would benefit not only students but also the institutions.Originality/valueThe novelty of the article lies in the fact that it addresses the gap in the existing literature by exploring the levels of EQ, TU and student satisfaction in the context of private higher education in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study investigated whether TU served as a moderator in the relationship between student satisfaction and UNESCO-recommended EQ. This study elaborates on EQ indicators recommended by UNESCO in Pakistan’s private higher education sector.

Measuring Quality in Two Early Childhood Education Contexts: Centre-Based Childcare and Four-Year-Old Preschool

The quality of early childhood experiences is crucial to a child’s development and educational success. Yet few early childhood education and care services in the world today offer a consistently high level of educational quality. In particular, educational quality depends on the context’s characteristics. The aim of this study was therefore to measure and compare the educational quality experienced in two distinct educational contexts, located in Quebec: early childhood centres and 4-year-old preschools. Results of the study indicate that there are very few significant differences between these two educational contexts in terms of interaction quality and pedagogical orientations quality, while variables related to structural quality vary greatly. Correlational and regression analyses carried out separately on each educational context show that few variables are predictive of interaction quality levels, suggesting that other variables, notably related to pedagogical orientations quality, would better explain variations in adult-child interactions predictive of child development. These results have implications for initial training curriculum aimed towards adults working in early childcare and for future directions in research on educational quality, including rethinking the importance of pedagogical orientations and structures in the ecosystemic model of quality.

Patterns and predictors of cultural competence practice among Nigerian hospital-based healthcare professionals

BackgroundBeing culturally competent would enhance the quality of care in multicultural healthcare settings like Nigeria, with over 200 million people, 500 languages, and 250 ethnic groups. This study investigated the levels of training and practice of cultural competence among clinical healthcare professionals in two purposively selected Nigerian tertiary hospitals.MethodsThe research was a cross-sectional study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit participants who completed the adapted version of Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument (CCAI-UIC). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression.ResultsThe participants were mainly women (66.4%), aged 34.98 ± 10.18 years, with ≤ 5 years of practice (64.6%). Personal competence had a positive weak correlation with age (p < 0.001), practice years (p = 0.01), training (p = 0.001), practice (p < 0.001), and organisational competence (p < 0.001). There were significant professional differences in the level of training (p = 0.005), and differences in training (p = 0.005), and personal competence (p = 0.015) across levels of educational qualifications. Increasing practise years (p = 0.05), medical/dental profession relative to nursing (p = 0.029), higher personal (p = 0.013), and organisational (p < 0.001) cultural competences were significant predictors of the level of training. Male gender (p = 0.005), higher years in practice (p = 0.05), local language ability (p = 0.037), rehabilitation professionals relative to nursing (p = 0.05), high culturally competent practice (p < 0.001), higher training opportunities (p = 0.013), and higher organisational competence (p = 0.001) were significant predictors of higher personal competence.ConclusionAbout a third of the participants had no formal training in cultural competence. Incorporating cultural competence in the Nigerian healthcare professionals’ education curricula may enhance the quality of care in the multicultural setting.

Monitoring and Evaluation to Improve School Quality

Good school quality is created from the results of evaluation and monitoring, so the school must carry out an evaluation in creating a better goal, this is done so that the learning process can run well and correctly. This literature review aims to analyze the implementation of monitoring and evaluation of school quality. The results of monev consist of data about various information such as the state of curriculum implementation, teacher performance, student performance, and so on. This data is used as material for improving and refining the program so that it is hoped that student learning outcomes will improve. Student achievement and other data are used as a basis for program improvement, with the goal of increasing the anticipated level of educational quality

SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ GRAPHIC COMPETENCE FORMATION WHILE CREATING SKETCHES OF GRAPHIC MATERIAL IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITIZATION

The study is devoted to the analysis of the process of secondary school students’ graphic competence formation in the context of modern transformations caused by the process of education digitization. The article examines the importance of graphic competence formation in creating sketches of graphic material in the context of the growing role of digital technologies in the educational process. The article analyzes scientific research aimed at understanding graphic competence and its role in the modern educational process.&#x0D; The author has analyzed various approaches to defining the category «competence» and revealed the main components of graphic competence. It is shown that this competence includes not only the technical skills of creating graphic materials but also creativity, the ability to analyze and visualize information, as well as the ability to work with various tools and resources that are opened up thanks to the digital transformation of education.&#x0D; The influence of digitalization on students’ creative potential and their ability to translate ideas into graphic material has been studied. A comprehensive approach to the educational process that takes into account traditional methods and modern information technologies is proposed. The advantages associated with the effectiveness of pedagogical approaches and methods aimed at graphic competence formation are highlighted. In particular, the teacher’s role in this competence formation has been investigated and the importance of an individual approach to each student has been emphasized.&#x0D; Examples of pedagogical practices aimed at creating conditions for the development of creative thinking and secondary school students’ graphic competence formation are considered. The author has considered the possibilities of using various software tools and online resources to increase the level of students’ graphic competence.&#x0D; Based on the analysis, recommendations aimed at further improving students’ graphic competence in the conditions of digitization of education are proposed. These recommendations are aimed at increasing the quality level of education and development of students so that they can successfully form graphic competence in the modern information society.&#x0D; The article highlights the significant topic of secondary school students’ graphic competence formation in the conditions of the digital transformation of education. It offers specific practical recommendations and examples for usage in pedagogical practice and promotes the further development of this key educational field. The study emphasizes the need to acquire competencies that allow the effective usage of graphic tools in the modern information society. The author emphasizes the importance of introducing digital tools into the educational process aimed at increasing the level of students’ graphic literacy and developing their creative competence.

Navigating the Confluence of Inequality and STEM Equity: An Australian Perspective

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"&gt;This study underscores the chronic issue of gender pay disparity that prevails across different STEM fields and educational qualification levels in Australia. Despite instances where women's incomes may align or even surpass men's, the broader pattern of inequality remains undeniable. The study advocates for targeted strategies to address gender pay gaps, particularly in fields like Engineering and Science, and emphasises the significance of cultivating inclusive work environments that recognise and reward contributions regardless of gender. This study serves as a critical call to action to rectify these inequities and promote a more balanced and equitable STEM landscape.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Attempting to Explore Entrenched Inequalities in the UK: Analysing Darlington and Formulating a Research Methodology

This study examines the critical definitions and debates of geographic inequality by looking at the development of inequality to clarify the pressing geographic inequality challenges facing the UK, taking Darlington as the target area for developing locally applicable research methods. Since the negative impact of the historical process of unequal development in Britain, innovative investigations are called to solve this problem. This paper discusses the deep-rooted inequality in Britain by reviewing the information on geographical inequality and analysing the data from multiple spatial perspectives. The data analysis shows that the UK is one of the unequal countries in the industrialised countries and suffers from increasing domestic inequality challenges. In addition, the economic performance of London is far better than that of other regions. London has an extreme inequality between the bottom and top income levels. In addition, the data research illustrates that Darlington has optimistic trends and low levels of educational qualifications, and average weekly income. Secondly, due to the lack of research on inequality and trends in small regions, the paper utilised the attitudinal survey design as a research method to attempt to explore the correlation between population education and income and to understand further the inequality situation in the area by the relevant authorities.

Investigating the intentions and reasons of senior high school students in registering for nursing education in China

BackgroundA shortage of qualified nurses and their low level of educational qualifications hinders the development of global health services. Studies have proven the role of nursing education in addressing these problems. However, no related studies have focused on senior high school students in China. This study aimed to explore senior high school students’ intentions to learn nursing and identify the factors influencing their decision-making processes.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 8050 senior high school students, which included questions regarding their demographic characteristics, obtaining nursing specialty information, cognition of the nursing occupation and the impact of the COVID-19 on the nursing profession. Descriptive calculation, the chi-square test and logistic regression were used for the analysis.ResultsOnly 0.73% of the participants had a clear intention to study nursing. Academic performance and family support were significant predictors of students’ intentions to pursue nursing education. Students’ interest in nursing specialties was associated with their choice. There was a positive correlation between cognition of nursing occupation and students’ choice of nursing. Students’ experience of the COVID-19 pandemic also had a positive impact on their nursing career choice.ConclusionThis survey to some extent reflects the problem of nurses shortage in China. In addition, these findings may also provide a new perspective for predictors of nursing shortage and potential interventions.

Monitoring and Quality Evaluation Method of English Teaching in Machine Manufacturing Based on Machine Learning and Internet of Things

INTRODUCTION: With the continuous development of society, education is getting more and more attention, and all stages of education, such as elementary school, middle school, high school, Etc., are the fundamental objects of attention, while English in the university, as a critical foreign language, is also given considerable attention. Among the various majors in the university, different majors pay different attention to English, among which in the mechanical engineering major, the importance of English is still relatively front and centre, which is helpful for the improvement of students' mechanical engineering level. However, in the current teaching, there are still a series of problems in the English teaching of mechanical majors, which have certain obstacles to improving students' English level. OBJECTIVES: To give university English teachers more feedback and opinions through a reasonable and perfect teaching monitoring and quality evaluation method; combining their English reading teaching with relevant rules and regulations can better promote the educational quality level of university English and help students improve their English more reasonably. METHODS: To study and analyze the monitoring and quality evaluation of English teaching in mechanical majors to get the relevant optimization suggestions of teaching mode, and to solve the correlation problem based on multiple linear regression through the calculation of SPSS software, to analyze the final impact mechanism of each item on the quality of teaching. RESULTS: The results of the sample survey indicate that, firstly, five factors, namely, research direction, disciplinary ladder, scientific research, talent cultivation and management, will have a significant impact on the monitoring and quality evaluation of English teaching in the mechanical program. Secondly, further research on the influence mechanism suggests that the monitoring and quality evaluation of English language teaching in mechanical majors needs some improvement, affecting the English language proficiency of students in this field. CONCLUSION: After summarizing several factors that impact the evaluation of the quality of English teaching, it is clear that such English classroom teaching has a positive effect on the training of mechanical students.

Evaluarea altfel: probleme și perspective

This article aims at strategic, methodological and praxiological aspects related to the process of evaluating school results. It is proposed to modernize the evaluation of school results by carrying out a different evaluation. The problems and perspectives of the implementation of different evaluation in the educational system of the Republic of Moldova are highlighted. The need to develop a new concept of evaluating school results is emphasized. The implementation in educational practice of otherwise evaluating school results would increase the level of education quality.

Особливості освітнього процесу підготовки бакалаврів за дисциплінами загальноосвітнього циклу у закладі вищої освіти

In the current conditions of development of higher education, one of the priority tasks is to further improve the quality of training of bachelors studying under general education programmes.&#x0D; The analysis of the experience of pedagogical achievements of theorists and practitioners in the field of higher education management and organisation of the educational process substantiates the importance of the process of teaching bachelor's students. It is established that researchers, when defining the meaning of the concept of "educational process", have in common that they characterise it as specially organised and appropriately managed training in a particular higher education institution with a clearly defined scope of educational content, coordinated activities of participants in the educational process, which is carried out in the established order and mode in various forms of conduct. An important component of the educational process is the content of education, which embodies social goals. It is proved that the educational and professional programme defines the normative part of the content of education, establishes requirements for the content, scope, level of education and professional training of students of the relevant educational qualification level of a particular specialty.&#x0D; The article identifies four levels of organisation of the educational process: Level I – theoretical – representation of the educational process as a system in all interrelationships of its structural components; Level II – formation of the concept of an educational institution; Level III – creation of a project of the educational process itself in the form of annual plans (planning of the content of education for the year through structuring of educational material); Level IV – implementation of the first three levels through the educational process.&#x0D; The system of training bachelor's students at the Semen Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics is described. It is proved that within the framework of the traditional model of the educational process in the training of bachelors, training is reproductive in nature, since its content is transmitted in a ready-made form and is subject to reproductive assimilation. Therefore, the university uses a modern approach to creating conditions for innovative activity of the teachers of the departments, where the leading role of forming cognitive activity in bachelor students, mastering new technologies for assimilating modern educational information and professional skills is determined.

Distance education in the education system of European Union countries

The article describes the experience of distance education in the education system of the countries of the European Union for the introduction of a new innovative level of education quality in the European dimension. The main characteristics of distance education are highlighted: learning at an individual pace, in a convenient format, in any city, at a convenient time; flexible pedagogical and educational frameworks that respond sensitively to internal and external changes; consideration by education of students' ability levels, various learning styles, interests, needs, and experience. Various technological tools of modern distance education and the main possibilities of intensive development of distance education in the education system of the European Union countries are considered. The role of the European Association of Distance Learning Universities is shown. The requested educational projects within the framework of the Erasmus+ program was analyzed. The regimes in which distance education can be carried out in the education system of the countries of the European Union are listed.

Propose an Optimum Stocks Portfolio Using Markowitz Modern Portfolio Theory in Educational Endowment Fund Management (Case Study of XYZ Institution)

XYZ institution is a Public Service Agency in Educational Sector, focused on giving the scholarship in master and doctoral programs level domestically and abroad, also in many affiliated researchers funding programs. The effect of granting scholarships and research funding produces an extraordinary output for the country. It was successfully increased the quality level of education in Indonesian society, also with the Indonesian Human Development Index. With a great accumulated amount of asset under management in fiscal year 2023, XYZ institution have a really big opportunity to maximize the investment return and give all Indonesia’s citizens an equal chance of pursuing the higher education. Markowitz Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is utilized to construct an optimal stocks portfolio for XYZ institution. The proposed stocks portfolio seeks to find a combination between high-growth stocks that have the potential to increase in value and stable dividend-paying stocks that provide income stability. The goal is to maximize the overall investment portfolio returns while taking its risk tolerance and investing objectives into consideration. Diversification was done by investing in a diverse range of companies across sectors and asset classes, reducing exposure to single asset risk. The proposed optimum investment portfolio provides XYZ institution a diversified allocation of assets, consisting of a portion in Time Deposits at 36,68%, Government Bonds at 34,10%, Corporate Bonds at 27,21%, and Stocks at 2%, which is constructed in a form of Aggressive Strategy, Moderate Strategy, and Defensive Strategy. The stocks selection resulting the best five stocks composition in Moderate Strategy which consist of BBNI at 20,17%, BJBR at 19,54%, PTBA at 20,15%, ADRO at 19,67%, and INDF at 20,47%, projected could give a return contribution at 6,60% with the lowest given risk of 26,83% from the stocks portfolio and could generate a 7,15% to the overall investment portfolio return.