Legal Culture Research Articles

Strategies for Revitalizing Tri Tangtu Local Wisdom Among College Students

The challenge of integrating local wisdom values into the education of the younger generation, especially in the era of digital advancement marked by transitions from 4.0 to 5.0, is primarily due to a lack of awareness, educational curriculum gaps, and generational differences in understanding these values. This research focuses on the Tri Tangtu concept—a key element of West Java's traditional wisdom—emphasizing its significance in maintaining societal balance and harmony between individuals and their environment. The aim is to analyze Tri Tangtu comprehensively and develop strategies to rekindle students' interest in preserving and understanding this cultural legacy. Adopting a qualitative research approach, this study delves into the complexities of rejuvenating Tri Tangtu for student engagement, with data collection conducted through purposive sampling interviews, centering on students from Telkom University in Bandung, Indonesia. Results indicate a decline in students' engagement with traditional cultural values, often perceived as restrictive or superstitious. Notably, this research innovates by strategizing the revival of Tri Tangtu through new media platforms. It concludes that integrating local wisdom values into the curriculum, supported by social programs, community engagement, and technological interventions, is crucial for fostering students' cultural identity.

Research on the Construction of Legal Culture in Ethnic Areas in the New Era under the Consciousness of Chinese National Community

The cultivation of a rule of law culture exerts a profound influence on the enactment of the directives from the 20th Party Congress, the refinement of the legal system, and the fostering of ethnic solidarity. Furthermore, the establishment of a rule of law culture is crucial for preserving ethnic unity, augmenting the sense of national identity, and facilitating the grand rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Currently, minority regions face challenges including the attenuation of religious fervor, economic limitations imposed by legal frameworks, and a deficiency in initiatives aimed at nurturing a legal culture. In response to these issues, it is imperative to galvanize public enthusiasm under the Party’s guidance and spearhead the development of a rule of law culture through grassroots social governance, thereby addressing the prevailing challenges in the advancement of legal culture within ethnic communities.

Balancing Development and Heritage Conservation in Nepal: An Analysis With Reference to Legal and Policy Framework

The confluence of infrastructural development and heritage conservation manifests a complex challenge in a least-developed country like Nepal, which celebrates its rich cultural legacy. The sustainable development of Nepal is affected by a lack of a proper legal and policy framework for balancing infrastructure development and heritage conservation. This research delves into the analysis of the existing laws and policies of Nepal, which have been legislated to create anequilibrium amidst the two. The research further investigates the gap in the legislation and practice in Nepal. Nepal has several national laws and ratified conventions like the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act in 2013, and the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972, etc. which have not been well-implemented. Most of Nepal's legal and policy frameworks for heritage conservation are adaptations of international frameworks, which might not be appropriate in the context of the country. The thesis statement stresses that comprehensive, proportionate, and flexible legal and policy frameworks and their implementation can help achieve a delicate balance between infrastructure development and heritage preservation. Moreover, the research highlights the need for a multidimensional approach that considers the socio-cultural, economic, and environmental aspects of infrastructure projects while safeguarding Nepal's cultural heritage, emphasizing the need for ongoing refinement. The study uses doctrinal methods for data collection and analytical and descriptive approaches to data analysis. The findings of the study provide insights into the current situation and suggest recommendations for better balancing of infrastructure development and heritage conservation in Nepal.

Identification of Tri Hita Karana Aspect in Taro Village

Tri Hita Karana is a symbolization of happiness for Hindus People in Bali. To reach the bless from Tri Hita Karana, Balinese people must always make a harmonies relationship with God (Parahyangan), with human being (Pawongan) and with Environment (Palemahan). There are two types of villages in Bali: plain Bali villages, which are younger and found in the island's plains, and mountain Bali villages (Bali Aga), which are older, traditional settlements. Taro Village, one of Bali's oldest traditional villages, is made up of 14 banjars and is renowned for its rich cultural legacy. It also served as the model for the island's subak system. The identification of Tri Hita Karana elements adopted by the Taro Village community is attempted to be explained in this article. This study employed an exploratory qualitative methodology that included literature research and in-person observation. The study's findings demonstrate how Tri Hita Karana is practiced in Taro Village, Bali, as evidenced by the variety of customary rituals and the community's commitment to upholding the harmony of nature, humanity, and spirit in daily life.
 Index Terms— Bali Aga, Taro Village, Parahyangan, Pawongan, Palemahan.

Cultural Diversity & Policy Making: India’s G-20 Presidency.

India's policy, diplomacy, and international outreach endeavours are shaped by its cultural diversity and richness, which presents the nation's distinct identity to the globe. The main issues covered in a number of topics are summarized in this abstract, including cultural diplomacy, policies influenced by diversity, India's soft power potential, and methods for promoting Indian culture internationally. India has the potential to be a soft power due to its rich cultural legacy, dynamic democracy, and long history. India has demonstrated its power to affect global agendas and perceptions through cultural, diplomatic, and economic methods through projects such as its presidency of the G-20. India promotes its ideals of inclusion, tolerance, and respect for all people by utilizing its rich cultural legacy to build international collaboration and ties. India's foreign policy is based on cultural diplomacy, which allows the nation to present its rich history and customs to the world. India facilitates intercultural discourse, strengthens interpersonal relationships, and advances a more comprehensive comprehension of its multifaceted cultural mosaic through the organization of cultural exchanges, festivals, and exhibitions. India connects with global audiences through cultural centers, educational exchange programs, and internet outreach to promote awareness and recognition of its cultural richness. India's diverse culture has an impact on policy in a number of areas, including social welfare, language, education, and healthcare. India undertakes programs to protect minority rights, encourage linguistic variety, and incorporate indigenous knowledge systems into governance and development strategies because it understands the value of protecting and developing cultural heritage. India keeps its promise to social justice and inclusivity by tackling socioeconomic inequalities and empowering neglected populations. There are many different ways to promote Indian culture internationally, ranging from digital outreach and cultural diplomacy to supporting the cultural industries and encouraging tourism. India uses its cultural resources to draw visitors, present its artistic creations, and promote cross-cultural exchange via international cultural institutions, festivals, and exhibitions. India's attempts to promote its unique cultural history are strengthened when it collaborates with international organizations, educational institutions, and diaspora populations. This increases global appreciation and recognition of India's cultural outreach. In summary, India's cultural diversity and richness are important advantages that help to shape its foreign ties and global identity. India bolsters its soft power and promotes more understanding, collaboration, and harmony in an increasingly interconnected globe by embracing its cultural history, fostering cultural exchange, and interacting with global audiences.

Extremism as a form of legal nihilism

One of the global problems of the modern world is considered - the problem of extremism, which is the theory and practice of achieving socio­political, religious, national goals with the help of extreme, prohibited methods. From a political point of view, extremism is an ideology of protest against established social structures and institutions of power, which is designed for a wide public resonance and is accompanied by calls to undermine stability and violence. At the same time, extremism is a form of nihilism that denies universally recognized values and ideals, including law, demonstrates a tendency to extreme ideas and actions, fanaticism. Three components of legal nihilism are considered: worldview, psychological and behavioral. The strategy for implementing the provisions of the ideology of extremism is terrorism - an activity aimed at undermining social security, intimidation, and destabilization. The forms of manifestation of this phenomenon are political, economic, national, ecological and religious extremism. The causes of legal nihilism and extremism are identified, among which the most important are socio-political factors, namely: the weakening of state power and the passivity of its power structures; high corruption of officials; criminalization of society; assistance to extremists by representatives of foreign public organizations. The opinion that anomie is a stimulus to the deformation of legal consciousness and the formation of legal nihilism is substantiated. Forms and ways of spreading extremism are studied, including through the Internet. The personality of the extremist is characterized. It is argued that the danger of extremism lies not so much in the essence of views and the form of their expression, but in the goal that extremists seek to achieve, in the methods of achieving it, including aggression, violence, radical, often illegal actions. Public awareness of the danger of extremism, improvement of its legal culture, economic situation and efficiency of state power, together with the effectiveness of the legal system, will prevent the deformation of legal consciousness and the existence of this global problem.

Criminal Law Enforcement in The Financial Services Sector in Case of Insurance Companies That Have Defaulted

At this time, many cases of insurance companies have defaulted so that policyholders have difficulty getting compensation payments when an uncertain event occurs. Moreover, this default case occurs in large insurance companies which makes public trust in insurance companies reduced. Of these various cases, one of the causes is the weak supervision and law enforcement in the financial services sector carried out by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The purpose of this study is to analyze the enforcement of criminal acts in the financial services sector in the case of insurance companies that have defaulted. This research is normative juridical research that examines positive legal norms that apply in the form of laws and regulations regarding criminal acts in the financial services sector. This research is expected to provide input to OJK to immediately make improvements to the legal structure and legal culture in criminal law enforcement in the financial services sector to protect policyholders, create a healthy insurance company, and restore public trust in the insurance industry in Indonesia. In normative juridical research, the data studied are only secondary data that include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that law enforcement of criminal acts in the financial services sector in the case of insurance companies that defaulted could not be optimal due to the limited number of OJK investigator personnel, lack of knowledge and technical skills regarding criminal investigations in the financial services sector, lack of facilities, infrastructure, and funds, as well as low legal culture from insurance company managers, OJK investigators, and the public.

Memory as a semiotic tool for formation of general human rights and the historical and national legal policy of the state

Remembering is positioned as a phenomenon that makes it possible to consolidate, preserve, and in the future - to reproduce the past experience of humanity and its repeated application in human life. The author demonstrates socially significant types of memory: historical memory, which preserves historical truth and even projects a historical need; social memory, which marks the values, findings, worldview institutions and guidelines of a social group as a certain symbolic capital; cultural memory, which includes the so- called "communicative tradition” of generations; the philosophical concept of memory, in which the processes of thinking, cognition and the spiritual essence of a person are reproduced. On this basis, it is proposed to develop memory as a semiotic device through which law as such and general human rights are formed, as well as the historical heritage of the nation and, accordingly, the nation­state. thus, it is about the importance of using the psychological method of memorization in the creation of law as a result of human thinking and understanding its impact on legal awareness and legal behavior; about demonstrating the influence of socio-cultural features and their ability to provide their own psychological strength of the history of the people; on proving that norms of behavior (in particular, rights) are born in the psyche of a person, are the result of his mental activity, and, accordingly, form the content, essence, meaning of the national legal policy with the reproduction of certain signals, signs, codes, messages intended for transmission, processing and storage (memorization) of various information of the people and the nation. That is, the position is substantiated that legal signs (archetypes, universals, symbols and other semiotic elements) are designed to preserve the national peculiarity and originality of legal culture, to form legal traditions as the basis of the legal policy of the state.

Legal education of minors

The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal problems of the value aspects of the legal behavior of minors, which involves a constant influence on a person with the aim of forming a legal culture and active lawful behavior.
 It was found that legal education occupies a central place in the formation of a law-abiding citizen who not only does not violate the legal norms of society, but also strives to preserve the harmony of the natural-legal space and the state-legal field based on the norms of natural and positive law.
 It was emphasized that today the realities of war have shown Ukrainians the importance of national- patriotic education of youth. No less important is the education of the young generation in respect for the law and the state, but this process should not take place chaotically, but at the level of introducing innovations in the educational space, a system of national-patriotic and legal education should be implemented. The loss of value-legal connections and landmarks during the war is a problematic aspect in the process of legal education of minors, as it can lead to the deformation of legal consciousness and the formation of deviant behavior of young people.
 Children must understand what state they live in, what rights and responsibilities are, what is the difference between lawful and unlawful behavior, and what sanctions the state can apply to citizens, even minors, for violating the rules of law and the law. It is important to involve specialists in this process, namely: representatives of juvenile prevention units, psychologists, and social workers.
 Attention is focused on the need for legal education of children from among internally displaced persons during the period of adaptation in a new place of residence, with the aim of legitimate socialization.
 It is noted that the legal status of the child is guaranteed and protected at the international and national level. The child has rights, but it is necessary to teach the child to use his rights, to teach in accordance with his age, his mental and psychological characteristics. Particular attention has always been paid to the peculiarities of legal education in Ukraine. As for minors, starting with the family, preschool institutions, schools and ending with institutions of higher education (primary courses), children received an idea and understanding of what the norms of behavior are, what morality and law are.

The Language Games of Canon Law: Strategic Ambiguity Between Law and Religion

Abstract The continental tradition of modern positive law, with its attempt to formulate clear legal rules, tends to be suspicious of ambiguity and struggles with the productive power of the untranslatable. Opaque kernels that inevitably remain in laws seem risky and call for disambiguation—through legislation, the courts, or administration. Yet despite this struggle against ambiguity, laws, as texts made of language, not only remain essentially ambiguous, but often require ambiguity when regulating for plural groups. In global legal orders, such as Roman Catholic canon law, we can observe that ambiguity is used strategically to allow for the inclusion of plural legal cultures. Adding to this, canon law fosters its opaqueness by meandering between secular and religious language games, thus playing with the semantic surplus of religion for the sake of cultivating ambiguity. This ambiguity management is itself ambiguous. It is inclusive, allowing plural communities to exist under the roof of Catholicism, but it is also open to the authorities’ arbitrary decisions undermining legal certainty as a core value of modern law.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP GURU DALAM PENYELENGGARA PENDIDIKAN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 14 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG GURU DAN DOSEN

Protect teacher/lecturer educators in carrying out their noble duties, the development of Indonesian national education gained new strength and enthusiasm with the enactment of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System. The ratification of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 also has consequences or implementation for education, including that teachers and education staff have the right to obtain legal protection in carrying out their duties and rights to intellectual property results. The aim is to find out and analyze how legal protection is and what factors influence legal protection for teachers in education providers based on Law no. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers. The research method used is a qualitative sociological juridical approach. The sociological juridical research used in this study was to see how the community's understanding of teacher protection. Therefore the sociological juridical approach has a very big role to see the community's understanding of teacher protection. The results of this study 1. The protection of teachers in carrying out their duties as educators has been regulated in Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 10 of 2017 concerning Protection for Educators and Education Personnel. 2. The factors that affect the legal protection of teachers in the administration of education based on law no. 14 of 2005 About Teachers and Lecturers is a factor of legal culture, factors of the rule of law, and factors of legal structure.

Authenticity and Satisfaction The Role of Government Policy in Quanzhou Homestays' Service Quality

This study examines the influence of government policies on the service quality and tourist satisfaction of homestays in Quanzhou, China, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Results indicate positive perceptions of government efforts in maintaining homestay authenticity and ensuring safety, significantly affecting tourist satisfaction. The research identifies the importance of preserving cultural authenticity in enhancing the heritage tourism experience, with policy enforcement playing a crucial role. Recommendations focus on regulatory involvement and promotion of authentic cultural interactions. The study's limitations include its localized scope and suggests further exploration into cultural impacts on satisfaction in broader heritage settings.

Etyka administracji publicznej a funkcja edukacyjna sądów administracyjnych – glosa częściowo krytyczna do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 15 lipca 2021 r., sygn. akt III OSK 3869/21

This gloss discusses two, at first glance imperceptible, problems that are concentrated in the ruling analyzed. The first of these is the practical application of ethical principles by public administration bodies. In the case being commented on – submitting an application for a school scholarship beyond the statutory deadline – the public administration authorities not only failed to fulfill their obligations related to the fair consideration of the case, but also to provide protection to a family in a difficult life situation. Such protection is guaranteed not only by statutes, including the Code of Administrative Procedure, but also by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and international agreements binding on Poland. The Supreme Administrative Court’s judgment focused primarily on the analysis of the provisions of the Education System Act, without paying much attention to the above-mentioned problem of standards that should guide public administration. In the author’s opinion, such a way of considering the case, which ignores the broader context of the primary causes of the entire problem, should be considered as a serious omission. In the light of the fundamental role of the courts in protecting the fundamental rights of the individual, as well as the influence of case law on shaping the legal culture of public authorities and society, the duty of the court – especially the court of last instance – is to provide a detailed explanation of all doubts that have arisen in a given case and a comprehensive justification of the reasons for a given decision. The goal that the court should strive for is not only to uphold and promote certain standards or maintain the uniformity of case law, but also to ensure that both the parties and all other recipients of the judgment have no or the least possible doubts as to the correctness of the judgment. All this significantly affects the authority of the judiciary and the trust of citizens in it, and thus to some extent, also their faith in the entire public authority in Poland.  

Era of the Individual Viewer? Taste, Value, and Creative Media Work in India’s Streaming Industries

How do key players in Bombay’s screen industries—producers, directors, writers, and business developers—understand, imagine, and navigate the dizzying new world of streaming platforms in India? Tracking the emergence of symbiotic relationships between new streaming platforms and established media professionals, I discuss how a restructuring of industry dynamics is elemental to the processes of cultural legitimation of new streaming tastes and the reconfigurations of the relationships between texts, industries, and audiences. Through case studies of a few prominent creative professionals associated in various capacities with global and local streaming platforms, I sketch the multiple linkages between contemporary streaming cultures and the structural histories of both film and television in the subcontinent. Ultimately, this article argues that media workers’ self-reflexivity and theorizations about the industry-in-digital transit help us not only grasp the heterogeneity of this moment, but also trace notions of value and taste in Bombay’s emerging digital media ecologies.

Nüshu: Scripting Women's Empowerment and Cultural Legacy in Chinese Society

NA

The "Datafication" of Fan Culture in the New Media Environment

In the context of new media, fan culture exhibits significant characteristics of datafication. Fan activities, behaviors, preferences, and interactions are transformed into quantifiable and analyzable digital data. This includes various forms of user-generated content, engagement metrics, and the digital footprint of fan communities. Behind this data lies valuable information that can help people better understand and analyze fan culture. However, attention should be given to the trend of excessive commercialization and profit-driven motives. This paper proposes an in-depth exploration and reflection on the impact of the datafication of fan culture and idol data in the new media environment, on individuals, society, and the economy. Therefore, it is necessary to not only pursue datafication but also pay attention to the problems it may bring, such as excessive competition and commercialization. At the same time, it is important for the public to value the diversity and individual needs of fan communities, to uphold respect for the authenticity and purity of fan culture, and to establish interactions between idols and fans based on respect and sincerity. It is necessary to moderately regulate the datafication of fan culture and avoid the negative impact of commercial interests on the healthy development of fan communities.

Mother Earth, Cultural Authenticity, and Canadian Law

Mother Earth, Cultural Authenticity, and Canadian Law

Shaping Culture Digitally: Exploring Tang Dynasty Costume Structures Through AI-driven Interaction Systems

AI-driven integration systems have played a crucial role in changing our understanding of historical clothes within the complex cultural fabric of the Tang Dynasty in the age of the digital revolution. These cutting-edge technologies provide a special lens through which one can be examine and appreciate the complex designs of Tang Dynasty clothing. The main goal of the study was to examine how AI-driven interaction technologies affected how Tang Dynasty clothing structures were explored. We aimed to explore the transformative potential of technology in cultural education, preservation, and outreach by probing the theoretical and practical facets of this relationship. Using a qualitative research technique, 14 individuals were interviewed in-depth about their experiences using AI-driven interaction systems based on Tang Dynasty clothing structures. Key themes and sub-themes were extracted from the interview data using thematic analysis. The results highlighted how AI-driven interaction platforms can significantly improve cultural engagement and education. Participants praised these tools' immersive and approachable user interfaces, highlighting their potential to make cultural exploration interesting and accessible. In the development and application of technology in cultural contexts, ethical considerations also become apparent, emphasizing the significance of data privacy, security, and cultural authenticity. This work adds a substantial voice to the ongoing debate about the impact of technology on cultural discovery by offering empirical insights into the tremendous influence of AI-driven integration systems. It emphasizes how these technical wonders have the ability to improve intercultural understanding, protect cultural heritage, and bridge the gap between cultural institutions and the general population. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the vital necessity for responsible and culturally sensitive techniques, as well as addressing the ethical quandaries that arise when employing technology for cultural research and preservation. Culture has greatly benefited from digitization in terms of both preserving and sharing the common past. By utilizing technology and AI-driven integration systems, we may allow future generations to engage with and appreciate the richness of human history as well as close understanding gaps in historical civilizations. Due to the limitations of the study, which included a small sample size and a narrow emphasis on the Tang Dynasty, it was difficult to generalize the results. The investigation may have been expanded to more extensive and diverse samples and different cultural contexts, although these limits provided potential for future research.

An Analysis of Syncretism's Historical and Sociological Aspects in Goan Culture, Focusing on Its Evolution and Impact

Goa, an Indian state, possesses a diverse cultural legacy that the interplay of many ethnic, religious, and linguistic communities has influenced. Syncretism is a prominent feature of Goan culture, involving the fusion of diverse cultural elements such as religious beliefs, behaviours, and traditions. The historical development of syncretism in Goa is an intricate and varied phenomenon influenced by colonisation, migration, and trade.

Examining the legitimacy of ethnic cultural festivals: development and validation of a measurement scale for residents’ perception of host destinations

ABSTRACT Ethnic-cultural festivals are considered public celebrations aimed at preserving and celebrating the ethnic culture of communities established in a region after migration. This research aims to measure and explore the dimensionality of residents’ perceptions of the legitimacy of ethnic cultural festivals. The study used 16 semi-structured interviews and literature research to generate the initial measurement items. Subsequently, exploratory factor was carried out with 338 residents of the cities of Blumenau and Santa Cruz do Sul (both in Brazil) to explore the underlying structure of legitimacy. Confirmatory factor was subsequently applied with 365 residents of the same cities to carry out the final validation of the proposed scale. The findings provide evidence that legitimacy in festivals can be measured with two constructs: social legitimacy using a 15-item scale and cultural legitimacy using 9 items. A scale on legitimacy is a welcome addition to the literature and can serve as a basis for future research on the topic. Furthermore, the scale provides a valid and reliable instrument for destination hosts to understand how the community gauges a festival's legitimacy and thus has a guiding element in event planning.