Lecture Classes Research Articles

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BACKGROUND Many students attending ENT clinical postings were found to have difficulty in conceptualising the 3-dimensional (3 D) anatomy of the ear, nose and throat. Students in project-based learning (PBL) classrooms obtained higher scores than students in traditional classrooms. PBL using clay model and modelling compound have been successfully used to improve the 3 D anatomical understanding in medical students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of PBL over lecture in the acquisition of 3 D anatomical knowledge among third-year undergraduate medical students and also to understand the student perception towards PBL. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was done at GMC, Ernakulam among 84 third-year undergraduate medical (MBBS) students who had given consent for the study. They were divided into 3 batches according to roll numbers (28 students in each). Two topics in ENT anatomy were selected. 14 students of one batch attended lecture class, while the remaining 14 attended PBL class. This was repeated for the remaining two batches. In the next week, a cross-over was given for the second topic. Pre-test and post-test for both topics were administered to all the students before and after the sessions. Feedback regarding the student perceptions about PBL was obtained. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of pre-test and post-test scores (p values of 0.001) in both lecture and PBL groups in both topics. The mean of pre-test scores of the lecture group and PBL in both topics did not show any significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of post-test scores in the case of nose topic (p value 0.004). 88% of students had a favourable view of PBL as a teaching methodology. There was no statistically significant difference across the genders in their perception of the PBL as a teaching-learning method. (p value 0.314) CONCLUSIONS The study shows that both PBL and lecture brought about significant change in the knowledge level of the student. The students had a favourable opinion regarding PBL as a teaching method. However, PBL was not found to be more beneficial than conventional lecture in the acquisition of knowledge. KEY WORDS Anatomy Education; Medical Education; Project-Based Learning; Didactic Lecture.

Barriers facing Bangladeshi Adolescents in Learning about Sexual and Reproductive Health

This paper looks into the barriers faced by Bangladeshi adolescents in learning about sexual and reproductive health. A mixed method approach was used to generate data gathered from the two study sites named Dhormasor Mohisa Trimukhi Uchho Bidalay and the Jaforgonj High School located in the Rangpur district, the northern part of Bangladesh. Thematic analysis was employed to develop themes, priori and other memos. Our findings demonstrate several key issues, all of which negatively impact adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health (SRHR) education. First, there is the lack of teacher training and experience in SRHR class lectures, as well as parental ignorance. Second, there are social stigmas, social taboos and cultural rigidity. Third, there are significant institutional barriers like the lack of textbook information, combined classes and age discrepancies between teachers and students. Fourth, male teachers often give SRHR lectures to female students, and female teachers give SRHR lectures to males. Fifth, misuse of appropriate technology and sometimes its lack of access can also prevent adolescents obtaining correct information about SRHR. This study contributes to the field of gender and public health.

The Role of Pharmaceutical Scientists in the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle as a Value Orientation.

This article focuses on the role pharmaceutical scientists play in achieving social well-being, in particular in the formation of a healthy lifestyle as a value orientation among students and the public in historical retrospect. The following set of research methods was used: a general scientific method, and a historical (chronological, logico-historical, retrospective), personalized, empirical method (including the questioning of pharmaceutical interns and the analytical processing of questionnaires). The territorial boundaries of the study cover Slobozhanshchyna, a historical and geographical region centered in Kharkiv. The educational activities of Slobozhanshchyna’s pharmaceutical scientists during the 19th and early-20th centuries, as well as in the modern period, are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that the role of pharmaceutical scientists in forming the environment for the development of a harmonious, spiritually and physically developed personality in historical retrospect is important. It is noted that the founders of pharmaceutical education in Ukraine initiated educational activity as a means for promoting the formation of a healthy lifestyle in the educational space and outside of the Imperial Kharkov University. The changes in the public and educational activities recommended for forming a healthy lifestyle among Slobozhanshchyna’s medical scientists and naturalists during the Imperial era have been generalized. The analysis of the research sources and questionnaires of pharmaceutical interns allowed us to assert that, in modern times, Slobozhanshchyna’s pharmaceutical scientists are trying to organize socially useful activities, taking into account the best achievements of the founders of pharmaceutical education in Ukraine. The “orientation to a healthy lifestyle of representatives of the institution of higher pharmaceutical education” has been proposed. This includes the adoption of a set of material, social, and spiritual benefits and ideals considered to be objects of purpose in the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle by employees and students (i.e., part of the implementation of the mission of the University), and using these as tools to meet the needs of both university representatives and ordinary citizens. This article contains a number of factors that mediated the formation of a healthy lifestyle as a value orientation of an individual, including: (a) the circumstances of the individual’s life (the conditions of education of the individual); (b) the individual’s consciousness reflecting the general and specific conditions of their personality formation; (c) the motivation of the real behavior mediated by the subject’s activities. The presence of these factors was identified as typical for the health-saving educational environment. This article provides recommendations regarding the following measures for the organization and effective promotion of a healthy lifestyle by modern pharmaceutical scientists: provide an opportunity to study the peculiarities of the organization of educational activities by scientists of the past to students and specialists in the pharmaceutical field; open museum expositions devoted to the problem of healthcare; conduct master class lectures and educational events devoted to the problem of forming a comprehensively developed personality; involve students in joint research on the problem of active longevity; provide informational support to educators and the public through scientific and popular science publications; conduct awareness-raising work with the population in order to create a health-saving environment.

Optimizing pre-clerkship medical education at the University of Ottawa

COVID-19 has brought forth unprecedented changes in the delivery of medical education. With concerns rising over a new variant and an upheaval in vaccine distribution, institutions have had to re-strategize and, in many cases, implement provisional shutdowns to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. For medical schools, providing an optimal balance between in-person training and virtual learning has been challenging. At the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, key components of the undergraduate medical education, including in-class lectures, interactive practical sessions, and clinical placements, have been affected by the pandemic. In this paper, we highlight barriers to an optimal learning experience among pre-clerkship students at the University of Ottawa and propose ways in which this can be overcome.

Development of a computer-assisted instructional package for life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors in early adolescents, Bangkok, Thailand

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a newly developed computer-assisted instructional package for life skills (CAIFLS) specifically designed to raise awareness of risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents in Bangkok. Methods: The research process included two phases: (1) the development and (2) the use and evaluation of the newly developed CAIFLS package. First, 5 teachers and 5 Grade 7 students of a Bangkok school were interviewed to collect information needed for the development of CAIFLS. The second phase was to implement learning activities through CAIFLS with a total of 87 Bangkok school students, consisting of 44 students for the experimental group who received CAIFLS for 4 sessions, and 43 students for the control group who received routine class lecture. CAIFLS instructions, lesson plans and worksheets were designed as the experiment methods. Then questionnaires of life skills assessments and student satisfaction were used to investigate the effects and the student satisfaction of CAIFLS. Results: The findings revealed that the efficiency values of the CAIFLS package were 80.2/82.5, higher than the set criteria of 80/80. Mean scores on life skills for the experimental group significant increased (p < .05), which was higher than the control group. The students also showed their satisfaction of CAIFLS at a high level (M = 4.20, S.D. = 0.29) Conclusions: CAIFLS can be used as an effective learning tool to enhance life skills to prevent risky sexual behaviors among Thai early adolescents.

Refleksije studenata masterskih studija Srbistike o kvalitetu nastave na predmetu metodika nastave srpskog jezika kao stranog

The topic of this article is the evaluation of the quality of teaching in the course The Methodology of Teaching Serbian as a Foreign Language, which was introduced in the school year 2021/2022 in the postgraduate program of Serbian language studies at the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Nis. The goal of the research is to create a clearer image about the quality of teaching of the course itself, as well as to extract specific conclusions about the possible improvements to the course. In the article I used the method of theoretical analysis as well the method of content analysis, in other words the descriptive method with the techniques of surveying and scaling. Although only nine students attended the postgraduate program, and only five elected this course, I received valuable results from two students in particular, surveyed before the start and after the end of the course. The students noted several reasons for their overall satisfaction with the course they attended, namely the appropriateness of the activities and the scope of the course material, as well as the number of ESP points entailed in the course, in other words the compatibility between the actual activities the students performed in the course and those activities entailed in the curriculum. Additionally, other positives included: a systematic, complete and harmonious organization of the lecture and tutorial classes, the use of class materials prepared by the teacher before every class -bibliographies, specific lessons and video-materials, the punctual realization and evaluation of pre-examination obligations, as well as the practice of working with cameras during online classes (established during the appearance and spread of the Corona virus). However, apart from positive remarks the students offered several negative comments, mainly those pertaining to the insufficient time allocated for: 1) the creation of student teaching materials (textbook lessons), 2) work with foreign students, and 3) the exhaustion of attending tutorial classes which were held immediately after the lecture classes.

ПРИЙОМИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТЕНТИЧНИХ ТЕКСТІВ НА ЗАНЯТТЯХ ІЗ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Introduction. The article determines the peculiarities of practical using of original texts in modern teaching of foreign language. Texts are used when studying the themes of everyday communication. Adapted and authentic texts are proposed in the process of learning. The students’ interests for historical and current events in Great Britain are taking into account. The lecture in class focuses attention of future specialists on the realities which are represented in the culture of different countries. Firsthand view of current events requires uses the Internet’s sources. The purpose of the article is to assign ways of using the local history texts at the lessons of English. It is necessary to sort out the criteria of selection of such texts. It is required to find out a succession of working with the local history texts. The other aim is to characterize the most effective tasks in the process of using the local history texts in class. The active methods of using the authentic and the local history texts are presented in the lessons. There are searching for information and studying it independently, and addition of insufficient information. There are also doing different exercises and using basic knowledge of students. In the selection of the local history texts such criteria are sorted out: topicality, information value, visualization, systematic reading, and simplicity. Texts must satisfy the requirements of the curriculum and be reliability too. Understanding of the original texts is extended under conditions of doing tasks at the different stages of working with these texts. There are pre-reading, reading and after-reading stages. Results. Using of the original texts helps students to receive and remember considerable informational scope. Texts are a strong stimulus to have a good command of a foreign language. Originality. In the process of reading and analyze the authentic texts, students do different tasks directed at improving their language skills. Future specialists activate their knowledge, search additional information and prepare historical references in concrete themes. Students fix important data and comment received facts in the process of reading. They also learn to compare the realities of native and foreign countries, discuss information in small groups and as a team. Students do visualizations for their presentations and choose creative tasks as they wish. Conclusion. Reading and analyzing of the authentic and the local history texts stimulate students’ informative activity and share their mental outlook. Firsthand view of English culture and modern opinion about the realities helps students to compare peculiarities in different countries, say their own opinion in English.

A química em favor do meio ambiente: descontaminando a água por técnica de eletrofloculação para o ensino da preservação ambiental

The aim of this research was to articulate chemical knowledge using the electroflocculationpractic to raise awareness about the importance of environmental preservation in water treatment. This work was realized in public school at Coari city, Amazon state, Brazil, in a class of the first year of high school. Mixed methodology (combining quantitative and qualitative approaches) has become. The project was divided into 5 stages: initial questionnaire application; lecture classes; debate on the use of electroflocculation for water decontamination; practical lessons and application of final questionnaire. The results showed that the students had not yet studied in an interdisciplinary way the application of theoretical contents in the context of environmental preservation and that the adopted methodology contributed to alert to environmental issues. It is concluded that working the theme of water treatment by electroflocculation in a theoretical-practical approach collaborated to learning of students about the application of chemistry for the benefit of the environment.

Impact of Plastinated Tracheobronchial Tree Cast on Students’ Learning in a South Indian Medical School- A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: Plastination is a technique used in anatomy to preserve body parts or whole body by indefinitely replacing water and lipids contained in it with a curable plastic. This process renders human tissue dry, non toxic, and odorless. The students consider these specimens as user friendly in enhancing their learning. Aim: To evaluate and compare the knowledge gained and its long term retention, between two groups of students, by the use of plastinated specimens and that of routine lecture class of same topic, respectively. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimentall study was conducted in the Anatomy Department of a Medical School in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, between November 2018 and January 2019. Total 150 Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students from first year were divided into two groups- G1 and G2 of 75 students each. G1 was taught bronchopulmonary segments with tracheobronchial tree cast and a regular theory class was conducted on the same topic for G2. Both the groups were evaluated with a written questionnaire on the same day (T1) after the session and after 10 weeks (T2). The test scores of both the groups were compared using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test was used to compare T1 and T2 scores of same groups. Results: The number of students taken for analysis among G1 was 48 (28 girls and 20 boys) out of 75 and G2 was 47(30 girls and 17 boys) out of 75 and their mean age was 19±1 years. The mean score of G1 for T1 was 6.30 and for T2 it was 8.60, whereas the mean score of G2 for T1 was 11.05 and T2 was 8.58. Statistically significant difference was observed within both the groups G1 (p-value=0.023) and G2 (p-value=0.002) for T1 and T2. There was a statistically significant difference on inter group comparison for T1 (p-value&lt;0.01), whereas, on comparing the test scores for T2 of G1 and G2 there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The results bring about the importance of visual and tactile learning of bronchopulmonary segments which has an impact on the memory for a longer period rather than didactic lecture classes. The use of plastinated specimens as an adjuvant to dissection in anatomy teaching will help in better understanding of the subject and retention for a longer period of time.

Higher Education in India in the Time of Pandemic, Sans a Learning Management System

Higher education in India was caught completely unawares by the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessitated closure of educational institutions. Despite almost a decade of experience with online and distance learning at some top-tier and private institutions, the vast majority were unprepared and looked for quick solutions for different components of teaching–learning depending on the need of the hour. The immediate tool sought was a videoconferencing platform to substitute in-class lectures. With no access to a learning management system, faculty chose one platform for videoconferencing, one for interaction with students, and another for uploading class notes. Disparity in students’ access to devices and the internet presented challenges. Assessment of learning, which hitherto was largely pen and paper based, was delayed for lack of a viable solution. Experiences documented in this study demonstrate faculty resilience, but lack of institutional leadership and preparedness is starkly evident.

Absenteeism among undergraduate medical students and its impact on academic performance: A record-based study.

Student absenteeism is a major concern for undergraduate medical education training in India. Regular class attendance helps students have a proper understanding of the topic of discussion. This study explores the pattern of absenteeism among medical students and whether absenteeism is associated with their academic performances. A record-based, cross-sectional study was done by reviewing departmental attendance registers, item cards and marks obtained in exam by 190 students in the community medicine department who had passed their 3rd professional part 1 examination in 2018. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A descriptive analysis summarizes the pattern of absenteeism and their marks obtained in the semester and professional exam of community medicine. The primary outcome indicator was the 3rd professional exam marks. The correlation between class absenteeism and other predictors and exam result was analyzed. Regression analysis was done to predict dependence of outcome variable on class attendance and formative examination marks. Overall, female students had better class attendance than male students. There was a positive correlation of lecture class attendance (r = 0.369) and marks obtained in the 6th semester exam (r = 0.717) with the final exam result. Further regression analysis showed final marks had a higher dependence on the 6th semester examination score (B = 0.669) when compared to lecture class attendance (B = 0.051). Although lecture class attendance is an important predictor of final result, this study showed that the 6th semester marks were a better predictor. This may be due to multiple factors (alternate source of learning, student's motivation, etc.) which require further exploration.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, students were introduced to a novel learning platform moving away from in-person lecture classes and pedagogies. Medical courses in general and dentistry in specific has its chunk of curriculum devoted to development of clinical and laboratory skills, patient interaction and management of a wide spectrum of oral and general diseases which affect the human body. Many Universities have shifted to online mode of delivery of lectures from traditional college activities during COVID-19 lockdown Objective: This study was conducted to assess the psychological and social, educational and physical health impact of COVID-19 on dental undergraduate students through a qualitative method. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological approach was undertaken. Focus group discussions and in-depth interview were conducted according to different grades of their study during undergraduate course. Results: Psychologically, the students were anxious of prolonging their undergraduate course and also of the conduct of exams. The students were initially thrilled to be with their close family members; but gradually boredom loomed large. Those who used to regularly take part in sports, games and other physical activities could not continue with those as restrictions were enforced. Conclusion: The students were mostly anxious due to lack of training in clinical dentistry, conduct of exams and course duration. Students were mostly glad to be with their family members during lock down. The physical activity among students have come down drastically.

Урізноманітнення лекцій з історії зарубіжної літератури у закладах вищої освіти педагогічного спрямування (на матеріалі творчості Бруно Шульца)

In this scientific study, the experience acquired at the Philological Faculty of Donbas State Pedagogical University (Sloviansk, Ukraine) in the diversification of lectures on History of Foreign Literature based on the material of the creative work of one of the most original Polish writers of the 20th century, Bruno Schulz, is discussed. The author of the paper has proposed and characterized the following forms of diversification of lectures on Foreign Literature in institutions of higher education: prospective and anticipatory cognitive tasks of the lecture, among which tasks of a biographical or literary nature are distinguished; multifaceted independent home pre-lecture studies, in particular of a creative nature; registration and organization of the lecture passport; innovative book lecture exhibitions; “translation laboratory” as a structural component of the lecture; graphic organizers; online tours as fragments of a lecture; speeches of higher education applicants in the role of a lecturer; reception of “mirror audience”; musical accompaniment of individual parts of the lecture, etc. All these (and not only) forms, techniques / methods of organizing university lectures are characterized in detail in the applied aspect: numerous options for diversifying lectures on History of Foreign Literature on the basis of the study of the biography and creative heritage of the original and extraordinary Bruno Schulz, a talented and mysterious Galician writer of the first half of the 20th century. Each lecturer’s creation of his/her teaching system is a continuous process that never ends. The lecturer must listen to himself/herself, his/her intuition and mood, which tells him/her about the effectiveness of certain forms, techniques/methods of organizing lecture classes, because he/she has an orientation towards training specialists of the new generation, capable of active professional life under the conditions of innovative development of modern Ukrainian society.

Communication Source Utilization Pattern of Dairy Farmers’ Pertaining to Foot and Mouth Disease in Kerala

A study has been conducted among the dairy farmers in Thrissur district to assess the communication source utilization regarding Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). The exposure of dairy farmers to different communication sources and their relative preference as a source of information of FMD was assessed using the ranking method. Interpersonal channels were the effective sources of obtaining information about FMD followed by mass media and trainings. Majority of the dairy farmers used still used newspaper as the source of information, television occupied only second position. Veterinary surgeon was the most important source of information among interpersonal channels followed by neighbours and friends. Only about forty percent of the dairy farmers prefer to attend lecture classes than seminars or group discussions. First-hand information about communication source utilization will be much helpful for the extension agents and policy makers to implement appropriate disease mitigation strategies in the affected area which can be imbibed easily by the farmers.

Comparison of Thermal Sensations Under the Same Conditions in the Climatic Chamber and the Lecture Hall

For many people, the feeling of thermal comfort becomes an important aspect of helping to increase concentration at work or study. Creating an appropriate indoor microclimate becomes a huge challenge for many designers of modern construction. The most important assumption of the work is to compare the thermal sensations of a group of four, aged 23 to 30, staying in the lecture class of an intelligent building and in a climatic chamber with the same internal parameters. For this purpose, the Testo 400 environmental meter was used, collecting the necessary parameters from the environment, and specially created surveys describing people's thermal feelings during the study. The air temperature and relative humidity were as follows: 21.7 °C and 30.80 %, while for the climatic chamber the same data was applied, but at the end of the study both parameters increased to 21.9 °C and 40.50 %. Moreover, it turned out that people in the lecture hall felt worse than in the climatic chamber with similar internal values. In addition, the average Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) response showed that the perceived environment is comfortable for the study group staying in the climatic chamber, as opposed to the feeling of influenza in the room. Unfortunately, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) for the room and chamber exceeded the set value described in the ISO 7730 standard.

Effectiveness of Self-paced and Instructor-led Online Learning: A Study among Phase I Medical Students

Introduction: Online teaching is a crucial challenge in the current pandemic situation. Choosing the right modality for teaching and delivering the information in a very effective manner is critical. Self-paced learning is an important modality that moulds the students into adult learners. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of teaching modalities like self-paced learning and instructor-led live online lecture class based on performance in assessments. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on phase I medical students over a period of three months where they were given self-paced learning and online instructor- led lecture sessions. Topics and reading materials for self-paced learning were provided to the participants through Telegram. After one week they were evaluated using objective-based assessments. Instructor-led live online lecture classes also were taken for them through Impartus followed by assessments. Independent t-test was done to assess the difference between the both performances based on the scores attained. Results: Total of 86 subjects were included in which 54 were females with mean age 18.75 years and 32 males with mean age 18.84 years. After online lecture sessions, 93.02% (n=80) of students came in the high performers group, while only 65.12% (n=56) of students belonged in self-paced learning sessions. There was no significant difference in performance in both modalities between gender (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Instructor-led live online methods are more effective than self-paced learning. Self-paced learning is also important in education as it enhances the quality of adult learning. Implementing e-learning into the current syllabus can be more productive as it augments student teacher interaction.

Garden Variety Mutations: Using Primary Data to Understand the Central Dogma in Large-Lecture Introductory Biology

The ability to interpret and create an argument from data is a crucial skill for budding scientists, yet one that is seldom practiced in introductory courses. During this argumentation module, students in a large lecture class will work in groups to understand how a single mutation can lead to an obvious phenotypic change among tomatoes. Before the module begins, students are provided with background information on mutations and techniques to give them a starting point to explain what they will see in the data. In class, students will use data from the primary literature to understand the relationship between single amino acid mutations and phenotypic variation within the context of a &ldquo;big question&rdquo; about garden tomatoes that ripen without turning red. Over two days, small groups will negotiate data, create and evaluate hypotheses, and consolidate their understanding through clicker questions and writing tasks. Together, they will craft an argument for how mutations can lead to phenotypic changes, even if they do not lead to disease like in many common examples. Through this activity, the instructor and students work together to understand an engaging and relevant example of the central dogma. During our implementation of this activity, we observed high engagement with the in-class and out-of-class aspects of the argumentation activities to explain how a single mutation could result in a visible change to the flesh of a tomato. <em>Primary Image:</em>&nbsp;Garden Variety Mutations. Students work in small groups, interpreting data and evaluating hypotheses that explain how a single nucleotide change can alter tomato plant coloration.

A study to evaluate the outcomes of traditional lecture classes and self-directed learning sessions among the first MBBS students in the department of physiology

A study to evaluate the outcomes of traditional lecture classes and self-directed learning sessions among the first MBBS students in the department of physiology

Mechanical ventilation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A pilot project in Ukraine

AbstractBackgroundHome mechanical ventilation (HMV) prolongs survival in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) until ±35 years of age. This study evaluates the implementation of a HMV pilot project in children with DMD in Ukraine.MethodsChildren with DMD were invited to Kirovograd Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, for 5 days’ training with non‐invasive ventilation. Donated equipment comprised second‐hand Covidien PB560 ventilators from Belgium. Due to the absence of carbon dioxide pressure and pulse oximetry monitoring, indications for HMV included sleep‐related symptoms, restrictive lung function test, loss of ambulation for more than 1 year, or age greater than 17 years. Master class lectures on HMV were conducted for Ukrainian doctors in conjunction with patient training.ResultsTwelve Ukrainian physicians took part in face‐to‐face master classes and 50 Ukrainian physicians participated in online master classes. Simultaneously, eight Duchenne inpatients, mean age 15.4 (SD: 1.8) years and body mass index 25.8 (SD: 4.0), were included in the study. All patients chose nasal masks and volume‐pressure‐assisted control mode. After 6 weeks, one patient stopped HMV, two others used HMV partially during sleep, and 5/8 used nocturnal HMV increasingly with few complaints. Follow up via phone call was organized after hospitalization.ConclusionsImplementation of HMV is feasible in DMD inpatients in Ukraine. In the short term, the Ukrainian parliament should recognize official centers for HMV, and define the funding policy of equipment for HMV, and its maintenance. Local distributors should deliver equipment for HMV and devices for monitoring carbon dioxide pressure and pulse oximetry in specialized centers for HMV.

How usage of social media influences the university students’ academic performance?

Social Media is being expanded mercurially during recent couple of decades, however, the aim of the research is to know the increasing effects of the social media networks on the academic performance of the student at University of Sindh, Larkana campus. To meet the objectives of the study, we adopted questionnaire and distributed among 130 students of the campus who are enrolled in BBA, BSCS, BS-English, MA-English, &amp; MBA programs. Random sample and SPSS-21 software were employed. Our finding shows that the most of the students are spending their essential time over the use of social media such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Snap chat, and their purpose behind the usage is to enhance their knowledge, gaining updated information and career development. Using ANOVA and Regression Analysis, we did not find any significant difference among diverse academic groups and statistically, there is no any significant negative impact of usage of used in social media on academic performance respectively. We conclude our study that every technology or internet application has dual purpose, i.e., negative as well as positive. This study may help out the management as well as teaching faculty of the campus that how to design their interactive class lectures, assignments, projects etc. for students to upgrade academic excellence.