Leaf Extract Ointment Research Articles

Comparison of binahong <em>(Anredera cordifolia) (Ten. Steenis)</em> and red betel <em>(Piper crocatum)</em> leaves ointment formulations toward length of laceration and bleeding time in rats

Laceration is a condition in which the structure of body tissue is damaged as a result of the body being slashed by sharp objects such as knives, razors, or cutters. One plant that can be applied to laceration is binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) steenis and red betel (Piper crocatum). This plant contains a variety of active compounds, including alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. This present study aims to determine the effectiveness comparsion of the formulation and the difference in optimal concentrations of binahong and red betel leaf extract ointment formulation for incision healing with concentrations of 7%, 15%, and 30%. Here, Wistar rats incision were compared with ointment extract. To assesses the healing process with length of laceration and bleeding time. Incision demonstrated the elevated length of laceration and bleeding time. In contrast, animals received ointment extract demonstrated better for length of laceration and reduced the bleeding time. Taken the ointment extract, our results suggest ointment extract binahong and red betel leaves exhibit antioxidant and increase the collagen activity which may contribute to the heal of incision.

Anti-inflammatory efficacy and skin irritation study of Cleome gynandra extract: an animal model and pre-clinical evaluation

Cleome gynandra, a kind of medicinal herb which has strong antioxidant properties has been traditionally used for treating various ailments including skin inflammatory diseases. To date, the anti-inflammatory efficacy of C. gynandra based cream has not been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of C. gynandra leaf extract cream using an in vivo arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in the rat model. The expression of genes related to rat ear inflammation was measured to evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory activity of C. gynandra cream. The toxicity effect of C. gynandra cream was determined through a skin irritation test in rats and human cumulative skin irritation assessment. Data collected evidently showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) percentage of recovery rate (70.21±5.14%) in rats treated with C. gynandra cream when compared to the negative control (27.43±4.75%) and basal cream (55.8±4.61%), indicating that C. gynandra cream effectively reduced inflammation symptoms in rat ear edema model study. The expressions of all pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute inflammatory-related genes were significantly down-regulated in C. gynandra cream-treated group than untreated group (negative control). The dermatological safety aspect of C. gynandra cream was confirmed by human cumulative skin irritation assessment with the average cumulative irritation index of 0.046, indicating a non-irritating effect. The overall findings demonstrated that C. gynandra cream has great potential to be applied for treating skin-related inflammatory diseases.

Healing of diabetic ulcers using jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (Muntingia calabura l.) based on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract This research aims to determine the potential of jamaican cherry leaf extract cream (JCLEC) to accelerate the healing process of diabetic ulcers in white rat based on collagen density. The research used 4 month old male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into K0 (negative control), KP (silver sulfadiazine), K1 (5% JCLEC), K2 (10% JCLEC), and K3 (15% JCLEC). An incision was made on the back of the rat then given JCLEC. Days 3, 7, and 14 after treatment, the wound tissue was collected after the rat were euthanized. Skin tissue was processed and stained with picrosirious red. The rate of wound healing was observed. Collagen density was presented in scoring. Based on the treatment group and observation time, there was a significant difference in collagen density between the treatment groups compared to the control (P<0.05). Based on the treatment group, the scoring of the collagen density was 1.78±0.6 (K0); 2.56±0.88 (KP); 1.78±0.4 (K1); 2.56±0.88 (K2); and 3.1±0.78 (K3). Based on observation time, the average collagen density scoring was 1.8±0.3 (D-3); 2.6±0.4 (D-7); and 2.8±0.6 (D-14). The conclusion is the 15% JCLEC has the potential to accelerate the healing of diabetic ulcers in white rats by stimulate collagen density.

ANTIBACTERIAL TEST OINTMENT PATIKAN KEBO LEAF EXTRACT (Euphorbia hirta L.) AGAINST Staphylococcus epidermidis BACTERIA USING DIFFUSION METHOD

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a microbe that causes skin infections (acne). Infection can be overcome with the use of natural antibiotics. Previous studies have shown that patikan kebo plants with concentrations of 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, have active antimicrobials. The preparation of starch kebo leaf extract ointment is made with 3 variations in concentration (5%, 10%, and 15%) with flavonoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the preparation of patikan kebo leaf extract ointment (Euphorbia hirta L.) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and determine the physical quality of the ointment preparation. The method used is experimental laboratory which is useful to determine the effect of patikan kebo leaf extract with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in ointment preparations. Antibacterial tests are carried out using the sumuran diffusion method. Antibacterial test results with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% respectively are 9,00; 10,90 ; 13,60 mm has an influence on the inhibitory zone in Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. The results of the physical quality test found that formula 3 with a concentration of 15% has the highest bacterial inhibitory influence and has the longest adhesion.Analysis of the results of the physical quality evaluation of the adhesion test of ointment preparations showed a significant difference. While the dispersion test and viscosity test showed no significant difference.

Formulation and Evaluation of Belt Leaf Extract Cream Preparation with Varied Concentrations Of 96% Ethanol as Anti-Septic

The betel leaf plant (Piperis betle Linn) is a plant that is very easy to find in the surrounding environment. One of the benefits of the betel leaf plant is for treatment as an antiseptic because it contains flavonoid compounds. In order to make it easier for users to use betel leaves (Piperis betle Linn) as an antiseptic, the leaves are extracted with 96% ethanol and then formulated in cream form. This research aims to determine the results of concentration variations on the antiseptic activity of 96% ethanol extract cream from betel leaves on wound healing. Betel leaves (Piperis betle Linn) were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol. Then the extract is made into a cream mass with varying concentrations of the active substance of 4%, 8% and 12%. The results of research on the formulation and evaluation of betel leaf extract cream can be concluded that betel leaves can be formulated as an antiseptic. The results of the physical evaluation show that the betel leaf extract cream has the best preparation in formula II with a concentration of 4% because the cream is included in the test range).

The Effect of Sapodilla Leaf Extract on IL-6 and TGF- β Levels of Skin Tissue (Experimental Study on Male White Rats of Wistar Strain Exposed to UV Light)

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light affects cell and tissue homeostasis which has a damaging effect on DNA characterized by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammation due to UV rays is the main cause of oxidative stress in the skin. Healing of wounds caused by sunburn through a complex process consisting of inflammatory cell infiltration, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling phases to restore normal skin integrity and function, rapid healing and epithelialization to prevent infection and minimize functional and aesthetic complications. The researchers aimed to see the effect of administering sapodilla leaf extract cream (Manilkara zapota) on IL-6 and TGF-β levels in Wistar rats with sunburn. Experimental study with a post test only control group design using a total of 30 mice as experimental animals, divided randomly into 4 treatment groups consisting of a control group, a placebo group, a sapodilla leaf cream group with a dose of 25% and a 50% cream group. Mouse skin tissue exposed to UV was analyzed using the ELISA method to determine the levels of IL-6 and TGF-β. There was no significant difference in the average IL-6 levels between treatment groups with the one way anova difference test, a p value of 0.25 (p0.05), there was a significant difference in the average TGF-β levels for each group with a p value of 0.005 (P0.05), Manilkara zapota leaf extract cream had a significant effect on TGF-β levels at a dose of 50%. Administration of Manilkara zapota leaf extract cream has a dose-dependent effect on IL-6 and TGF-β levels in skin tissue of mice exposed to UV.

The Effect of Sapodilla Leaf Extract (Manilkara Zapota L.P Royen) on IL-1 and TNF- α Expression in Male White Rats Wistar Strain Induced with UVB Light

Excessive UVB exposure causes health problems in humans, the effect on the skin is molecular and cellular changes. Sunburn is the most obvious acute clinical effect, resulting in the production of TNF-α by keratinocytes, IL-1 is a cytokine that influences TNF-α. Skin wounds release various damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which will activate inflammatory signaling pathways such as NLRP3 inflammasomes and toll-like receptors (TLRs) which cause increased production of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of Manilkara zapota leaf extract which was assessed based on the expression of IL-1 and TNF-α in Wistar rats exposed to UVB. Post-test only control group design experimental research using rats (Rattus norvegicus) as research objects, divided into 4 groups, namely (K1) control rats without treatment, (K2) rats exposed to UVB light then given placebo cream, (K3) rat group exposed to UVB light then given 25% sapodilla leaf extract cream, and (K4) mice were exposed to UVB light then given 50% sapodilla leaf extract cream. The average expression of IL-1 using the One-Way ANOVA test was 0.197 (p0.05), which means there was no significant difference in the average expression of IL-1 between groups. Meanwhile, the average TNF-α expression between groups was 0.036 (p0.05), the results showed that there was a significant difference in the average TNF-α expression between groups, TNF-α expression using the Post Hoc LSD test of sapodilla leaf extract cream 50% dose (K4) reduced TNF-α expression to a lesser extent than K1 or K2. Administration of leaf extract cream (Manilkara zapota) affected the expression of TNF-α, but did not affect the expression of IL-1 in a mouse model experiencing sunburn.

Enhanced Fibrogenesis Activity in Diabetic Wound Using 20% Anredera scandens (L.) Moq. Leaves Extract Ointment in Sprague dawley Rats

Background: In diabetic conditions, decreased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity results in reduced nitric oxide synthesis. Reduced nitric oxide synthesis results in the production of ROS. This may impede the processes of angiogenesis and vasoconstriction and prolong inflammation. Objective: We were interested in investigating the mechanism by which 20% of Anredera scandens leaves extract ointment increases fibrogenesis activity because this condition can affect the development of damaged skin tissue. This study's design is a post-test-only laboratory experiment. Material and methods: The study employed male Sprague dawley strain rats that were induced with 40 mg/kgBW of STZ. The mice were divided into four groups: the negative group (which got diabetic wounds only), the positive group (which got Gentamicin ointment), and the test group (which got 20% extract ointment). Results: The skin tissue from each group was then examined histopathologically. After receiving 20% ointment of Anredera scandens leaves extract, the test group's mean fibrogenesis histopathology score on day 14 was significantly higher (P=0.022) at 3.75 than that of the negative group, which had a mean score of 2.75. Following that, the skin tissue of both the extract test group and the normal group was examined histopathologically. In comparison to the normal group mean score of 4.0 on day 14, the test group, which received 20% ointment of Anredera scandens leaves extract, had a non-significant (P=0.317) mean fibrogenesis histopathology score of 3.75. Subsequently, skin tissue was examined histopathologically for both the positive and normal groups. According to the results, on day 14, the positive group's average fibrogenesis histopathology score was 3.5, while the normal group's average score was 4.0. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.127). Conclusions: Thus, it can be said that 20% Anredera scandens leaf extract ointment is comparable to gentamicin ointment in its capacity to promote fibrogenesis activity in diabetic wounds.

Formulation and Test of Burns Healing Effects of Preparations Cream Extract Leaf Nangka Kuning (Vincetoxicum villosum (Blume) Kuntze)

V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze shows inhibition of the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is usually the cause of infection in burn wounds. The aim of this research was to formulate V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract into a cream preparation and determine the time needed for V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract cream to heal burn wounds in rabbits. This research was a type of experimental research. The research was conducted at the University of Bengkulu Laboratory in September 2022-August 2023. The equipment used was the Ohaus Starter 3100 brand pH meter and the NDJ-8S viscometer. The materials used are V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract, mice, ethanol solvent. Oil-in-water (O/W) phase cream formulation with 3 variations of stearic acid and triethonolamine emulsifiers (15:4), (16:3) and (17:2). Then the three formulas were evaluated for their preparations which included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, spreadability tests, viscosity tests and descriptive stability tests. The activity test against burn wound infections used rabbits consisting of groups K1 (without treatment), K2 (given 0.2% hyaluronic acid cream), P1 (given 2% V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract), and P2 (given 2% V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaf extract cream). Groups K2, P1 and P2 showed perfect wound healing on day 12. Meanwhile group K1 experienced incomplete wound healing until day 14. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the cream formulations I, II and III were declared stable at a temperature of 25º and the extract cream Kuntze V. villosum (Blume) Kuntze leaves showed complete wound healing in 12 days. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test obtained p value = 0.670 > 0.05, which means there is no difference in the length of the healing process for all treatments.

Costus speciosus leaf and seed extracts for wound healing: a comparative evaluation using mice excision wound models

BackgroundThe present study investigated the potential wound healing activity comparisons between ethanol leaf & seed extracts of Costus speciosus topical formulation using mice Excision wound models, compared to Neomycin sulphate ointment as a standard drug. To assess the efficacy of Costus speciosus ointment as a potential alternative to commercially available ointments, a study was conducted using a cohort of 16 healthy male mice, aged between 3 and 4 months. The ointment formulation was prepared utilizing ethanol extracts from both the leaves and seeds, presented in a dosage form for application. This investigation seeks to provide insights into the comparative effectiveness of Costus speciosus ointments in relation to conventional market preparations, with a focus on its potential applicability as an alternative therapeutic option. The parameter measured was wound contraction and epithelization period.ResultThe mice groups treated with seed & leave extracts ointment showed better wound size changes than the negative and standard groups. However, the leaf extract ointment promotes the formation of granulation in tissue, allowing the reepithelization phase to occur more rapidly than seed extract. From the 1st day to the results of the 9th day of the extract indicate that there is a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the percentage of wound contraction in the group. After 21 days the wound was healed fully. These results suggest that ointment of ethanol leaf extract of Costus speciosus could be an answer to facilitate wound healing compared to seed extract, to approve the traditional claims of the plant in wound healing activity.ConclusionThe study concludes that ethanol leaf and seed extracts of Costus speciosus exhibit potential wound healing activity in mice excision wound models. The topical formulation of these extracts significantly enhances wound closure, reduces wound size, and increases tensile strength compared to the control group. The efficacy of the extracts is comparable to the standard drug, Neomycin sulphate ointment. Therefore, the use of Costus speciosus extracts in topical formulations can be considered a promising alternative for the treatment of wounds. However, further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these extracts in humans.

The Effectiveness of Giving Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaf Extract on Granulation Tissue Thickness in Healing White Rat (Rattus novergicus) Cut Wounds

Wounds result in loss of epithelial continuity with or without loss of underlying connective tissue. The dynamic and complex wound-healing process restores tissue integrity and balance. Medicinal plants in herbal medicine, namely Binahong, help heal wounds. This study tested binahong (Anredera cardifolia) leaf extract ointment on the thickness of granulation tissue in white rat (Rattus novergicus) incision wounds. Binahong leaf extract was applied at 15%, 25%, and 35%, then the wound was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. The type of research was a true experiment with a sample of 24 male Wistar rats, six per group, in four groups (control, treatment 1, treatment 2, treatment 3). The histopathological image of granulation tissue thickness shows that the P0 group (blue) has less collagen density. Treatment group 3 (P3) with 35% binahong leaf extract showed thick collagen. Analysis of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and significant paired t-test values greater than p&gt;0.05 for all groups. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test shows that the data is regularly distributed. Paired T-test showed significant differences in incision wound healing between groups (p-value &lt;0.05). The research concludes that binahong leaf extract has antiseptic, antibacterial, and ascorbic acid properties and protects against oxidation, so it is helpful for wound healing.

Antimicrobial, Anti‐inflammatory, and Wound Healing Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Methanolic Extract Ointment on Burn Wound Infection Induced by Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Rats

Objective(s). Given the increasing rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance to antibiotics, the use of plant‐based antimicrobials to treat the infection has been considered. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Myrtus communis leaf extract ointment and silver nanoparticles on the healing of burn wounds caused by MRSA in rats. Materials and Methods. In a research experiment, 48 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and second‐degree burns were induced on their backs. The rats’ wounds were then uniformly inoculated with MRSA. Various treatments were applied to the burn wounds daily, including Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine 1%, mupirocin ointment, and a positive control. The study measured the antimicrobial effects, wound area, percentage of wound healing, antioxidant capacities, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide concentrations in the serum of the rats. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad software, with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests used to determine the statistical significance of the results. Results. Rats treated with Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, and mupirocin had reduced bacterial growth compared to the positive control group, nanoparticle ointment, and silver sulfadiazine (P &lt; 0.05). The wound area of the Myrtus ointment group decreased significantly on the seventh and fourteenth days, as well as the level of MDA and nitric oxide, compared to the other groups. In Myrtus and silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment increased the thickness of the epidermis and dermis compared to the other groups. Conclusion. Based on the anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties of Myrtus, with further studies, an ointment of this plant may be used as a main or complementary treatment for burn wound infections caused by MRSA.

Administration of Arabika Coffee Leaf Extract (Coffea Arabica) Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Sunburn Cell Levels in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Rays

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has acute and chronic impacts on the skin. However, UVB exposure can be prevented with available natural ingredients, especially those containing antioxidants. One of the natural ingredients that contains active compounds as antioxidants is arabica coffee leaves, which contain flavonoids that have antioxidant effects. Methods: This study was an experimental research with a post-test-only control group design, using 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 5 groups; the control group (P0), treatment group 1 (P1) were given placebo, while group 2 (P2), group 3 (P3) and group 4 (P4) was given UVB rays and given ethanol extract cream from Arabica coffee leaves at a dose of 2,5%, 5%, and 10% respectively. Results: The average TNF- α levels in group P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 97,88±1,19 ng/mL, 162,41±1,87 ng/mL, 138,04±1,03 g/mL, 124,71±2,65 ng/mL and 107,18±1,52 ng/mL. The average sunburn cells in P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 4,0±0,13, 4,07±0,27, 2,60±0,25, 1,67±0,15 and 1,33±0,12 per field view. The administration of 10% Arabica coffee leaf extract cream was the most effective in reducing TNF-α levels by 34.01% (p&lt;0.001) and has the lowest sunburn cells per field view (1,33±0,12 cell/field view; p &lt; 0,001). Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract cream from Arabica coffee leaves (Coffea arabica) can reduce TNF-α levels and the number of sunburn cells in the skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UVB radiation.

Effectiveness of green betel leaf extract cream in healing cut wounds

Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is widely used in the healing of cut wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of green betel leaf extract cream in the healing of cut wounds on the skin of white Wistar rats. The design employed was a pre-test post-test with a control group design and a sample size of 20 white rats divided into four groups. Betel leaf extract was prepared using the maceration method, while a cream preparation of betel leaf extract was prepared using the oil-in-water emulsion type (M/A). Macroscopic histopathological evaluation was performed by examining fibroblast growth. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p &lt; 0.05) was used to determine the difference between groups, and a post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was used to analyze which treatment group had the greatest efficacy. Technical terms were explained upon first use, and the language used was clear, objective, and value-neutral to improve academic quality. The text was free from grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and unnecessary jargon. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p &lt; 0.05) was used to determine the difference between groups, and a post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was used to analyze which treatment group had the greatest efficacy. The study revealed a substantial difference in the average wound healing rates between the control group (P0) and treatment groups P1, P2, and P3. This is due to the lack of active substances in the control group (P0), which aids in accelerating the wound healing process. Notably, the 15% green betel leaf extract cream demonstrated superior efficacy in healing wounds in white rats compared to the 10% and 25% green betel leaf extract creams. The results indicated no significant difference between the application of 15% and 25% green betel leaf extract cream. This is due to the fact that secondary metabolite compounds present in the extract produce a healing effect on wounds at these particular levels. However, lower concentrations only act as microorganism inhibitors, rendering them less effective for promoting wound healing.

Celery leaf extract cream is a potential wound healing agent

Natural ingredients have been widely used for wound care and healing because of their flavonoid, saponin, and tannin contents, which can facilitate the healing process. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of celery leaf extract cream in the treatment of cutaneous wounds on the surfaces of white Wistar rats. This study involved laboratory-based experimental research utilizing a pretest-posttest with a control group design. Twenty white rats were sampled for this study and divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats, including one control group and three treatment groups. The extract was obtained via maceration, whereas the celery leaf extract cream contained an oil-in-water emulsion. A one-way Anova test was used to test differences between groups (p &lt; 0.05), and a Post Hoc test with LSD technique was conducted to determine the most effective treatment group. Celery leaf extract cream has been found to be more efficient in accelerating skin regeneration and stimulating fibroblast proliferation than base cream. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the flavonoids found in celery leaves can potentially prevent the formation of free radicals and expedite wound healing.

Potential of gambier leaf ethanol extract cream for incised wound healing

Incised wounds are highly susceptible to bacterial infection, which requires stimulation of healing and restoration of normal function of the injured body part. This study aimed to test the effect of gambier leaf ethanol extract cream administration on the acceleration of wound healing on the skin surface of male Wistar rats. The research used a pre-test post-test with a control group design. Twenty male white rats were divided into four groups: control group (P0), treatment group 1 (P1), treatment 2 (P2), and treatment 3 (P3). The incision wounds in white rats were treated twice a day (in the morning and evening) for 14 days. Wound healing was observed by measuring the average length of the wound every day, from the first day of wounding until day 14. Statistical tests used were one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test (p &lt; 0.05). In this study, it was found that the 15% gambier leaf extract cream was more effective in wound healing in white rats than the 5% and 7.5% gambier leaf extract creams. However, in the group treated with 7.5% gambier leaf extract cream, the situation was already close to that in the treatment group treated with 15% gambier leaf extract cream. This is because, at a concentration of 7.5%, the secondary metabolite compounds in the gambier leaf extract had an effect on wounds, but at a concentration of 15% gambier leaf extract cream, the effect was similar to that of 15% gambier leaf extract cream.

Effectiveness of red betel leaf extract cream for healing burn wounds

Burns are a frequent type of wound that can cause complications, infection and bleeding. The use of plants and natural materials as wound-healing remedies has been known for a considerable period, although more scientific proof is required. The objective of this investigation is to examine the efficacy of red betel leaf extract ointment in curing burns on the backs of white wistar rats. The study used a pre-test post-test design with a control group. Twenty white rat samples were employed. The samples were split into four groups, consisting of five rats each. Betel leaf extract was prepared through maceration, whilst betel leaf extract cream was made using the oil-in-water emulsion method (M/A). A histopathology test was carried out to observe growth of fibroblast cells. Rat skin biopsy was taken from a 2 x 2 cm area, and data normality was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test (p &gt; 0.05). The One-way Anova test (p &lt; 0.05) was used to assess the differences between the groups. To determine the most effective treatment group, a post hoc test using LSD technique was performed. The findings showed that the average percentage of burn wound healing in the control group (P0) compared to groups P1, P2, and P3 was very different. The analysis reveals that the application of 15% betel leaf extract cream proves to be superior in treating burns in white mice in contrast to 7.5% and 10% betel leaf extract cream. At a 15% concentration, secondary metabolite compounds found in betel leaf extract are already effective in treating wounds. However, at lower concentrations they only inhibit microorganisms, making them less effective in promoting wound healing.

Efikasi salep dari ekstrak daun Turi (Sesbania Grandiflora) sebagai penyembuhan luka bakar terhadap Kelinci (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Background: Burns are frequent injuries and can cause serious health problems. Turi leaf extract (Sesbania Grandiflora) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat burns. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of ointment from turi leaf extract in healing burns in rabbits.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of turi leaf extract cream in rabbits' recovery burnsMethods: The study uses experimental research methods with a single factor design. (single factor design). As for the location of this research, it was carried out in the Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory of semi-solid preparation, Pharmacy Studies Program of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Palopo. The study was conducted in the period January-February 2023. The sample used is fresh turia leaves (Sesbania Grandiflora) that are green and cleaned or disorted, then washed with running water until clean. Samples of turi leaves are dried with winding for 3-5 days. The sample is then sprayed with a blender. The data to be analyzed is the percentage of burn healing obtained by measuring the average diameter of the burn. Measurement is done once a day.Results: The results of the study showed that rabbits who were given turia leaf extract ointment had a faster burn healing process compared to the rabbit who was given regular ointments. The area of burns in rabbits given turia leaf extract ointment is also smaller than the rabbit given regular ointments. The ointment from the turia leaf extract is effective in healing burns in rabbits. The results of this study showed that on the 14th day, burns in mice given the FIII dose group (concentration of 7,5%) had the greatest effect on wound healing, followed by the FII dose group (5%) which had a 99,70% healing percentage. The FI dose group had a healing percentage of 85,69%, a positive control of 90,15%, and a negative control of 63,29%.Conclusion: it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of senggani leaves has the potential to heal burns in rats. The FIII dose group that had the highest concentration showed the greatest effect on wound healing. However, the FII dose group with lower concentrations also showed a significant effect in healing burns in rats.

Effectiveness of Dermapen Action Using Green Belt Leaf Extract Cream (Piper betle L) On Hair Growth on The Skin Surface of Female Wistar Strain Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Hair loss is a very prevalent hair issue. Hair loss is typical for all humans, but if it becomes severe, it can lead to baldness. Hair goes through a unique cycle of development and loss for each strand, and one herbal plant that has the activity of fertilizing hair growth and overcoming the problem of hair loss is green betel leaf (Piper betle L). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a derma pen utilizing green betel leaf extract cream (Piper betle L) on hair development on the skin surface of female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Betel leaves have been shown to help with issues such as hair loss. Using betel leaves regularly aids in It promotes hair growth, conditions hair, and makes it thick and long. Betel leaves can also assist with itching, dandruff, and broken ends. The polyphenol and flavonoid content in betel leaves is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, protecting hair from damage caused by inflammatory skin illnesses and free radicals that cause hair loss on the head.

Formulation and Evaluation of Avocado Leaf Extract (Persea americana Mill.) Cream Based on Variations Stearic Acid Concentration

Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) contain flavonoid compounds as high as 8.11 mg, so they have potential in the acne healing process. The aim of this research is to create a formulation and evaluate an avocado leaf extract cream preparation. The method used is experimental. Avocado leaf extract cream preparations are made based on varying stearic acid concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, spreadability tests, adhesion tests, and viscosity tests. Based on the organoleptic evaluation, the results showed that FI was slightly runny and contained bubbles, FII was slightly thick and FIII was thick. The FI color is brownish white, FII is yellowish white, and FIII is white, and all formulations have a characteristic creamy odor. The homogeneity test shows that all formulas have the same homogeneous preparation. The pH test of the cream preparation showed the same pH value, namely 6. The spreadability test resulted in good spreadability of the cream, namely between 5 and 6.8 cm. The cream adhesion test has an adhesion between 00.53 and 1.38 seconds. And finally, the viscosity test has a viscosity value between 4500 and 8900 mpa. According to the results of this research, avocado leaf extract cream can be used as a cream preparation, with the best stearic acid concentration being 15%.