Administration of Arabika Coffee Leaf Extract (Coffea Arabica) Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Sunburn Cell Levels in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Rays

Abstract

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has acute and chronic impacts on the skin. However, UVB exposure can be prevented with available natural ingredients, especially those containing antioxidants. One of the natural ingredients that contains active compounds as antioxidants is arabica coffee leaves, which contain flavonoids that have antioxidant effects. Methods: This study was an experimental research with a post-test-only control group design, using 30 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were divided into 5 groups; the control group (P0), treatment group 1 (P1) were given placebo, while group 2 (P2), group 3 (P3) and group 4 (P4) was given UVB rays and given ethanol extract cream from Arabica coffee leaves at a dose of 2,5%, 5%, and 10% respectively. Results: The average TNF- α levels in group P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 97,88±1,19 ng/mL, 162,41±1,87 ng/mL, 138,04±1,03 g/mL, 124,71±2,65 ng/mL and 107,18±1,52 ng/mL. The average sunburn cells in P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 4,0±0,13, 4,07±0,27, 2,60±0,25, 1,67±0,15 and 1,33±0,12 per field view. The administration of 10% Arabica coffee leaf extract cream was the most effective in reducing TNF-α levels by 34.01% (p<0.001) and has the lowest sunburn cells per field view (1,33±0,12 cell/field view; p < 0,001). Conclusion: Administration of ethanol extract cream from Arabica coffee leaves (Coffea arabica) can reduce TNF-α levels and the number of sunburn cells in the skin of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UVB radiation.