Sport Leadership Research Articles

Women In Sports: Sports Leadership And Challenges

Women In Sports: Sports Leadership And Challenges

Factors influencing violent behavior in football stadiums in Kenitra city (Morocco)

The violent behaviors developed by football fans, traditionally known as hooliganism, are deeply rooted in history and widely spread geographically. They relate to the physical aggression and vandalism of the spectators. In Morocco, hooliganism has undergone a considerable evolution. To study the factors involved in the violence at the football stadium, questionnaires were written and filled out to the spectators of the Boutola football matches. The questionnaire includes questions about age, socio-occupational status and drug use. The results showed a relationship between age and socio-economic level and soccer stadium violence. A significant difference in the number of cases of violence (p <0.5%) between drug users and non-users was shown. According to these results, it seems necessary to Sensitize the young people on the negative effects of violence, bring together sports leaders, former athletes, representatives of supporters' groups (Ultras) and relevant government departments and integrate young people into society.

One Nation, One Team: The U.S. Women’s National Team’s Equal Pay Victory and Its Broader Impact

This teaching-based case study focuses on and addresses issues and opportunities in women’s sports. The context used for such discussions are the U.S. Women’s National Soccer team’s accomplishments (e.g., mainly the settlement for equal pay). Both the main case and the teaching materials enlighten examinations in three principal areas (i.e., leadership, diversity, and marketing). As future leaders in the sports industry, we believe that Sport Management students should be prompted to discuss issues and opportunities beyond what we have long referred to as (traditional) “sports,” to intentionally focus on and address issues and opportunities in women’s sports. Nonetheless, the benefits of the present case study reside in its ability to invite students to consider topics and current events in sports that are imperative to continue the momentum to move sports (in particular, women sports) forward. This teaching-based case study is intended for third- or fourth-year undergraduate students. Given its broad approach and focus in three different areas (i.e., leadership, diversity, and marketing), the case could be used in several sport courses, such as management or business of sports, sport marketing, sport diversity, sport sociology, or sport leadership. Knowledge is gained via individual and teamwork, class debates, and written assignments.

Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Spor Lideri Olarak Antrenör Davranış Tercihlerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Antrenörler, sporcularıyla yakın iletişim ve etkileşim kurarak onları belirlenen hedeflere yönlendirmek durumunda olan spor liderleri olarak kabul edilirler. Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerinin Antrenörlük Eğitimi bölümleri, lisanslı antrenör yetiştiren bölümler olmakla birlikte, bu okullardaki Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği ile Spor Yöneticiliği bölümü mezunlarına da antrenör lisansı verilmektedir. Bu bölümlerde Antrenörlük Eğitimi ve liderlik becerisine ilişkin farklı içerikte ve sayıda alana özgü öğretim programları uygulanmaktadır. Bu durumun öğrencilerin antrenörlüğe yaklaşımlarını ve beraberinde antrenör davranış tercihlerini farklı biçimlerde etkilemesinin kaçınılmaz olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca alan yazında sporcu ya da öğrenci sporcuların antrenör davranış tercihlerinin çeşitli değişkenler esasında farklılaştığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin Antrenörlük Eğitimi davranış tercihlerinin cinsiyet, bölüm, sınıf düzeyi, bir spor kulübünde aktif spor yapmış/yapıyor olma ve liderlik becerisine ilişkin bir ders alıp almama durumlarına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Betimsel bir desenin kullanıldığı nicel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2020-2021 akademik yılında Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinin Antrenörlük Eğitimi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği ile Spor Yöneticiliği bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 498 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin antrenör davranış tercihlerinin liderlik becerisine ilişkin ders alma değişkeni ile sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri bağlamında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark gösterdiğini ancak diğer değişkenler açısından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Farkların liderlik becerisine ilişkin ders alanlar ve birinci-üçüncü sınıflar ile birinci-ikinci sınıflar arasında birinci sınıflarda daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları alan yazın temelinde tartışılmış ve uygun önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Identifying Strategic Leadership Behaviors of Sport Industry Leaders: A Phenomenological Method

PURPOSE Learning more about what these sport leaders in executive positions do and the characteristics that help them do their jobs well is a key interest among team administrators, business development personnel, and sport management scholars and students when searching, screening, training, and/or developing effective leadership skills. METHOD In this study, a qualitative research investigation was employed with phenomenological method of inquiry to understand the lived experience of sport business leaders and their perceptions of related organizational outcomes. RESULT Strategic leaders in professional sports have five distinct behavioral functions, including (a) risk taking in event programming and fan engagement growth, (b) competitive action for sales, engagement, and organizational change, (c) transformational and charismatic behaviors to build future sport leaders, (d) vision and mission execution in consumer and stakeholder engagement, and (e) evaluating sponsorships and partnerships for revenue growth and brand visibility. CONCLUSION In relation to organization effectiveness, executive leaders must incorporate a vision, strategy, tactics, and commitment to a healthy organizational culture.

스포츠 지도자의 진성리더십과 선수 자기관리 및 자기효능감의 관계

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sports leadership and athletes" self-management and self-efficacy. The subjects of this study were 290 students registered with the Korea Sports Council in 2022 by probability sampling method. The collected data were frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and standard multiple regression analysis, and the following results were derived. First, Authentic leadership of sports leaders had a partial positive effect on the player"s self-management. Second, Authentic leadership of sports leaders had a partial positive effect on the player"s self-efficacy. Third, interpersonal management, body management, mental management, and training management, which are sub-factors of self-management, had a positive effect on self-regulation, which is a sub-factor of self-efficacy, and mental management had a positive effect on confidence. Body care and interpersonal care had a negative effect on confidence and task difficulty preference, respectively.

스포츠 지도자의 변혁적 리더십과 선수들의 인지된 경기력 간의 관계에 대한 메타분석

This study used meta-analysis to scientifically and comprehensively prove the effect of transformational leadership of sports leaders on perceived performance. Journals and dissertations published in Korea were selected from January 2010 to September 2022, and 7 dissertations and 4 articles were used for the final analysis according to the selection criteria. The data processing method was Program R, Excel 2016, CMA ver 2, and publication bias analysis and correlation effect size analysis were performed to draw results and conclusions.BR First, the overall effect size of the transformational leadership of sports leaders on perceived performance was found to be medium.BR Second, the effect size on perceived performance according to sub-factors of transformational leadership of sports leaders did not appear to be statistically significant.BR Third, there was a significant difference in the order of dissertations and academic journals regarding the influence of the transformational leadership of sports leaders on the perceived performance according to the type of publication.

Investigating the relationship between authentic leadership and athletes' commitment, positive affect, and perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust and team culture

Authentic leadership is a genuine form of leadership in which leaders demonstrate behaviours in line with their moral values. Research has started to examine this leadership style and its impact on a range of athlete outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coaches’ authentic leadership, as perceived by their athletes, is related to athletes’ commitment, positive affect and perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust and team culture. Participants were 366 (240 females, Mage = 21.07) athletes, participating mostly in team sports, who completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Using multilevel path analysis, we found that authentic leadership was positively related to athletes' commitment and positive affect via trust and team culture, as well as to perceived teammate prosocial behaviour via trust. Our findings enhance our understanding of authentic leadership in sport and highlight its importance in predicting a range of outcomes. The findings suggest that authentic leadership in coaches could be key to creating more positive environments in sport.

Leadership in physical education: Systematic review of the last five years

Leadership has been identified as an important factor that may help guide and contribute to the effective provision of physical education in several different contexts. Despite the importance attributed to physical education leadership, more empirical research evidence still needs to relate to the topic. The purpose of this review is to describe leadership research in physical education in the last five years (2018–2022). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were adopted for the research review, and two databases (Scopus and Web of Science) were used in article browsing. 741 articles were obtained from two databases (Scopus: 392 articles) and (WoS: 349 articles). After following the exclusion criteria, only 13 articles remained. The review succeeded in showing that Iraq publishes the most research, and quantitative, qualitative, mixed research (quantitative and qualitative) approaches, and heuristic approaches are the methods and types of research used, and then the review is divided into five research groups: (i) physical education teacher leadership, (ii) principals and departmental leadership, (iii) student leadership, (iv) school leadership, and (v) cultural leadership. Of these five groups, transformational leadership is the most frequently discussed topic. Future research can be continued with mapping analysis of research on this topic using bibliometric or scientometric studies. This literature review can also be continued by discussing the topic of leadership in sports.

Psychological violence victimization with moral injury in sports exacerbates PTSD symptoms

Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, evidence has been accumulating that interpersonal violence (IV) in sports coaching situations has detrimental psychopathological effects. IV victimization not only produces traditional adverse symptoms, but also impairs psychological functioning related to self-evaluation and interpersonal relationships in personality development. We designed this study to explore the psychopathological damage caused by IV experiences in Japanese sports coaching situations from the perspective of PTSD and moral injury (MI). Methods: We conducted a Web-based aggregate survey using convenience sampling. Japanese university undergraduates ( N=196, age range 18-23 years) participated in the study. We used hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analyses to examine quantitative data after controlling for covariates. Results: There was a significant main effect of experiencing psychological violence and MI on several PTSD symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. In addition, a high frequency of experiencing psychological violence enhanced intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms only when causes MI. Conclusion: These results are consistent with previous studies that identified IV-related mental health harms. The result also indicate that the damage caused by IV in sports contexts is complex and aggravated by the deep intrinsic and moral emotional wounds. The primary findings of this study are crucial for protecting athlete’ human rights, further enhancing sports leadership education, and for proactive consideration of preventive intervention strategies.

World's leading countries experience in the management of elite sports: a review article

Purpose: To present a comparative description of elite sports management in the world sports leaders and to substantiate the possible use of the experience of these countries for elite sports development in Ukraine.
 Material and methods: The analysis of literature sources was carries out by working with scientific works, which are presented in the databases “ Web of science”, “Scopus”, “Pub Med” and others. The literary sources were searched for according to the keywords: "elite sports functioning and development", "main indices of elite sports development", "innovations in elite sports". Next, the results were specified according to the keyword "USA", "China", "Great Britain", "Germany", "Ukraine" and separately by the keyword "comparative analysis". A total of 537 works were found according to the keywords, of which 37 were selected for the literature review. The selection was carried out as follows: first, the topic of the articles was analyzed, then, if the topic corresponded to the direction of our study, the annotation was analyzed. If the annotation corresponded to the direction of our research, the text of the article was analyzed.
 Results. The essence and peculiarities of elite sport functioning and development in USA, China, Great Britain, and Germany, the leaders of world sports are considered. It is shown that in many countries of the world, state authorities tend to pay significant attention to the field of elite sports development.
 It is established that in order to take the lead in world sports, in particular at the Olympic Games, the USA, China, Great Britain, and Germany are carrying out innovative development of the system of elite sport. However, the innovative development of elite sport in each country occurs according to its own scenario with due account for national specifics. At the same time, elite sport in Ukraine continues to develop according to an extensive model.
 The presented analysis of elite sports management in the advanced countries of the world can contribute to the improvement of the system of elite sports in Ukraine with account for foreign experience. The data obtained indicate that the system of elite sport management used in Great Britain may be the most appropriate for the functioning and development of elite sport in Ukraine.
 Conclusions. One of the possible approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of elite sport is to use the successful experience of the elite sport management system, which is functioning in Great Britain.

Leadership, coaching and education system in the sport context.

Abstract Numerous reports show the relationship between sports, educational leadership processes and quality in the education system. This study highlights the importance of teacher leadership in sports and sport management as a key management objective in the complex educational system. It will be essential to identify their pedagogical leadership. We will draw the concept of a coach by selecting its main characteristics, those related and applied to its profession in the educational context. Coaching focuses on what both ourselves and others can achieve, relying on our resources and directing us towards the realisation of what we want so that we can express our true potential and detect interferences. We will analyse what is not working and preventing us from achieving our goals. We will identify changes in people and organisations to develop the potential to provide leadership and talent management training for teaching staff and teams.

Women from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds in Sport Leadership: A Scoping Review of Facilitators and Barriers

Women from culturally diverse backgrounds are underrepresented in sport leadership, often experiencing increased oppression and discrimination based on intersectionality. The aim of our paper was to scope the literature for facilitators and barriers that exist for women from culturally diverse backgrounds in sport leadership. Four databases with no limits on publication date were searched. A total of 1,838 articles were retrieved and screening revealed 12 eligible peer-reviewed journal articles. The review identified a dominant focus from the USA on experiences of Black or African American women, in basketball coaching or athletic director roles in college athletic departments. Key facilitators and barriers were entwined within four themes including personal characteristics, interpersonal support, organisational support and discrimination. Topics evolved from these themes to create a future research agenda.

Common demanding conditions among professional high-level military and sport leaders: a cross-contextual qualitative reflexive thematic analysis

Military and sport have attracted increased research interest separately as two distinctly demanding performance- and leadership-driven contexts. However, cross-contextual psychological research in leadership is lacking. Such research has potential to expose unique cross-fertilising insights into resemblances in leadership challenges among military and sport leaders, transferable to a broader range of contexts. Thus, the current study simultaneously explored high-level military and sport leaders’ real-life experiences of similarities in demanding conditions and their psychological manifestations. Sixteen participants - eight Swedish high-level military leaders and eight Swedish high-level sport leaders, participated in the study. Using a qualitative inductive cross-contextual design enabled in-depth knowledge and transferability. A reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of sixteen interview transcripts generated four common themes of demanding conditions: (1) Developing organisations: Leading under an extensive workload and responsibility, (2) Managing destructive superiors and subordinates: Standing up for oneself, (3) Taking care of the minds and moods of others: Leading deliberated difficult conversations, and (4) Periods of extreme concentration: Leading critical coordination, decisions, and timing. The findings tie high-level military and sports leaders together into a high-stress and high-stakes leader role invoked to manoeuvre a complex buildup of demanding conditions. Implications are presented. Keywords: High-level leaders, military, sport, demanding conditions.

Research on Leadership in Sport

A leader is usually the manager, the commander of a group or an organization, or the person in a certain position with a certain power and responsibility to exercise management functions. Leadership is the process of management by the leader over the led, an act or process of behavior in which the leader uses his power to exert influence on his subordinates in order to achieve the goals of an organization. In this paper, we study the leadership of leaders in the field of sports to accomplish the purpose of achieving the goals of sports.

Implementation of Title IX

Title IX of the Higher Education Act is to provide women with legal protection against discrimination in educational programs and activities, including intercollegiate athletics. The purpose of this research is to examine the attitudes and perceptions of male and female sport leaders toward Title IX and the specific democratic value, equality, which underlays it. This article reports the findings of an attitudinal survey of sport leaders in selected public institutions of higher education in Pennsylvania. The survey addressed the sport Ieaders' attitudes toward political and social equality and the enforcement issue of Title IX. The thesis of this report is that so long as there is a gap between persons' support for democralic values and the abstract and their actual behavior, enforcement of Title IX will remain controversial and equality between the sexes will not be achieved.

SERVANT LEADERSHIP AS AN IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC FOR BASKETBALL COACHES AND BUSINESS LEADERS

Business and basketball organizations, although different from the point of view of their activity, have various similar characteristics. One of these characteristics is the fact that leaders can be found in both business and basketball teams. In addition, leadership is a much-researched aspect in both areas. The article focuses on servant leadership as it can help coaches and business leaders become more effective, it can allow them to help develop others more efficiently and thus, it can help them in gaining the trust of their followers, which can then lead to an improvement on the part of the team´s performance. That is why the aim of this paper is to provide an insight into how and why servant leadership can be considered an important characteristic for basketball coaches, business leaders and their respective organizations. By undergoing a literature review analysis on the topic of servant leadership in basketball and business, various similar aspects between coaches and business leaders have been identified. The results show that basketball coaches and business leaders are more easily followed, trusted, and respected if they apply a servant leadership style. More so, as some researchers pointed out, this servant leadership characteristic of basketball coaches and business leaders is yet to be fully accepted as a model for successful leadership in sport and not enough research has been undergone in order to examine how servant leadership affects the organizational culture. This can be considered as the main reason why further research on the topic is needed.

Issues of gender in sport leadership: reflections from Sub-Saharan Africa

Globally, a gender gap in sport leadership exists despite global reforms, leadership and key strategic actions. This paper reports on the leadership dimension of the 2021 follow-up study to the 2014 baseline study on gender leadership and participation in sport within southern Africa. It reports on changes over time in selected sports (athletics, basketball, boxing, football, and judo as recorded in the 2014 study, with the addition of netball in the 2021 research) and within five countries (Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). A purposively selected sample group completed an online survey (N = 41), followed by structured interviews conducted with 45 decision makers from relevant government entities and national sport organisations. Findings indicate that Covid-19 had little effect on leadership composition across organisational types. Government entities spearheaded ‘gender reform’ with 47.7% female representation at the executive level. National Olympic Committees had 24.1% women in leadership and national sport federations 27.7% with the latter showing an increase of 6.7% since 2014. Men dominated in sub-committees (62.2%) and emerged as leaders in netball – a sport featuring 98% female participation. Key recommendations address the gender gap in sport leadership from the regional level.

Promoting a culture change in junior and youth sport in New Zealand.

This paper provides insight into the evolution of a project designed to address longstanding adult attitudes and behavioural issues in junior and youth sport in New Zealand. The project was funded by Sport New Zealand (Sport NZ) and implemented by Aktive, a charitable trust that works with national and regional partners to fund and deliver community sport in Auckland. Aktive collaborated with a team of junior and youth sport researchers, adopting a pragmatic, mixed methods design-based research (DBR) approach to co-design an educational delivery framework aimed at influencing attitudes and assumptions underpinning coaches, parents, and community sport leaders' behaviours. Transformative learning principles informed the delivery framework with the project reaching 4,222 participants. Research evaluations included multiple case studies, surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups, which confirmed awareness of problematic beliefs. The programme expanded to Regional Sport Organisations (RSOs) and National Sport Organisations (NSOs) culminating in a nationwide rollout. The study highlights the effectiveness of theoretically informed adult behaviour change programmes in junior and youth sport, the benefits of programmes being underpinned by a rigorous pedagogical approach, and the benefits of sport organisations and researchers collaborating to design and deliver sustainable change initiatives that address belief systems underpinning current issues.

The benefits and challenges of shared leadership in sport for development and peace collaboratives

ABSTRACT Inadequate leadership is a common reason for the failure of multi-organizational collaboratives, yet limited attention has been given to explore the role of shared leadership in these types of collaborations. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of shared leadership in two multi-organizational collaboratives in Sport for Development and Peace (SDP). Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) with members along with publicly available documents were analyzed. Perceived benefits of shared leadership included (a) collective impact, (b) collective learning, (c) network capacity, (d) cohesion and (e) shared responsibilities. At the same time, challenges were centered around (a) challenging leadership dynamics, (b) varying levels of information sharing, (c) lack of understanding of shared leadership and (d) inconsistent quality of engagement. This study contributes to sport management literature by focusing on practitioners’ lived experiences of the positive outcomes and possible barriers to shared leadership in the context of multi-organizational collaboratives.