Lateral Leaf Research Articles

PEG-Induced Osmotic Stress Alters Root Morphology and Root Hair Traits in Wheat Genotypes.

Wheat crop in drought-prone regions of Bangladesh suffers from osmotic stress. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of wheat genotypes with respect to root morphology and root hair traits under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced osmotic stress. A total of 22 genotypes of wheat were grown hydroponically and two treatments—0% and 10% PEG—were imposed at 14 days after germination. Plant growth was reduced in terms of plant height, number of live leaves per tiller, shoot dry weight, number of root-bearing phytomers, and roots per tiller. Notably, PEG-induced osmotic stress increased root dry weight per tiller by increasing length of the main axis and lateral roots, as well as the diameter and density of both lateral roots and root hairs of the individual roots. A biplot was drawn after a principal component analysis, taking three less-affected (high-yielding genotypes) and three highly affected (low-yielding genotypes and landrace) genotypes under 10% PEG stress, compared to control. Principal component 1 separated PEG-treated wheat genotypes from control-treated genotypes, with a high and positive coefficient for the density of lateral roots and root hairs, length and diameter of the main axis, and first-order lateral roots and leaf injury scores, indicating that these traits are associated with osmotic stress tolerance. Principal component 2 separated high-yielding and tolerant wheat genotypes from low-yielding and susceptible genotypes, with a high coefficient for root dry weight, density of root hairs and second-order lateral roots, length of the main axis, and first-order lateral roots. An increase in root dry weight in PEG-stress-tolerant wheat genotypes was achieved through an increase in length and diameter of the main axis and lateral roots. The information derived from this research could be exploited for identifying osmotic stress-tolerant QTL and for developing abiotic-tolerant cultivars of wheat.

Actual aspects of anatomical research of medicinal plant material of Vinca minor L

The article presents the results of a microscopic study of the medicinal plant material Vinca minor L. (Apocynaceae), used in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain indole alkaloids with antitumor activity. When carrying out anatomical analysis of the leaves and stems of V. minor, the main anatomical and diagnostic signs was established, this can be used in the identification and assessment of the authenticity of medicinal plants. Analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the leaves of V. minor are dorsoventral; hypostatic sheet plastic. The stomatal apparatus of plants is paracytic. The main vein of the leaf blade is represented by a bicollateral conducting bundle; lateral leaf veins had closed collateral bundles. The cross-sectional shape of the stem is grooved with four ribs. The stem of V. minor was characterized by a non-bundle type of anatomical structure. The peculiarity of the stem structure was the presence of internal phloem. The characteristic marker features of the stem and leaf of the plant include the presence of straight, non-segmented, non-anastomosing lactic acidae with an excretory substance of a greenish-yellow color. The information obtained can serve as a basis for the development of the section “Microscopy” when writing pharmacopoeial articles.

Functional analyses unveil the involvement of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) group I and II NIN-LIKE PROTEINS in nitrate signaling regulation

For rapid growth, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) requires large amounts of nutrients. Nitrate is an indispensable molecular signal to regulate nitrogen absorption and assimilation, which are regulated by group III NIN-LIKE PROTEINs (NLPs). However, no Phyllostachys edulis NLP (PeNLP) has been characterized. Here, eight PeNLPs were identified, which showed dynamic expression patterns in bamboo tissues. Nitrate did not affect PeNLP mRNA levels, and PeNLP1, -2, -5, -6, -7, and -8 successfully restored nitrate signaling in Arabidopsis atnlp7-1 protoplasts through recovering AtNiR and AtNRT2.1 expression. Four group I and II PeNLPs (PeNLP1, -2, -5, and -8) interacted with the nitrate-responsive cis-element of PeNiR. Moreover, nitrate triggered the nuclear retention of PeNLP8. PeNLP8 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly increased the primary root length, lateral root number, leaf area, and dry and wet weight of the transgenic plants, and PeNLP8 expression rescued the root architectural defect phenotype of atnlp7-1 mutants. Interestingly, PeNLP8 overexpression dramatically reduced nitrate content but elevated total amino acid content in Arabidopsis. Overall, the present study unveiled the potential involvement of group I and II NLPs in nitrate signaling regulation and provided genetic resources for engineering plants with high nitrogen use efficiency.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ ЛИСТА VALERIANA OFFICINALIS L. И V. ALTERNIFOLIA LEDEB

Presents the results of a comparative morphological analysis of the variability of 9 quantitative and quali-tative characteristics of the leaf (length, width and index of the leaf, the number (or number of pairs) of leaf lobes, length, width and index of the lateral leaf lobe, the number of denticles along the edge of the leaf lobe, leaves in a sample with entire and toothed edges of the leaf blade) of closely related species Va-leriana officinalis L. and V. alternifolia (Bunge) Ledeb. Samples of 7 cenopopulations of V. officinalis (South Urals) and 5 cenopopulations of V. alternifolia (Central Yakutia) served as the material for the analysis. In both species, the levels of variability of morphological traits of the leaf are not lower than the average, predominantly increased, the least variable trait is the number of pairs of leaf lobes. In the sam-ple of V. alternifolia, the prevailing frequency of occurrence of leaves with a certain number of leaf lobes is not expressed; most values fall within a wide range from 11 to 17 pcs. (5-8 pairs) leaf lobes; in the sample of V. officinalis, there is a pronounced peak in the number of leaf lobes equal to 16 pcs. (8 pairs), most of the leaves fall in the range from 14 to 18 pcs. (7-9 pairs) leaf lobes. Valeriana alternifolia is characterized by relatively small leaves with 5-8 pairs of narrow lobes, mostly whole-edged. Valeriana officinalis is characterized by relatively large and elongated leaves with 7-9 pairs of relatively wide lobes with several denticles along the edge. To differentiate closely related species, the following quantitative morphological characteristics of a leaf can be reliably used: length, width and index, number of leaf lobes, length, width and leaf lobe index.

Developmental roles of Auxin Binding Protein 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Auxin is a major plant growth regulator, but current models on auxin perception and signaling cannot explain the whole plethora of auxin effects, in particular those associated with rapid responses. A possible candidate for a component of additional auxin perception mechanisms is the AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1), whose function in planta remains unclear.Here we combined expression analysis with gain- and loss-of-function approaches to analyze the role of ABP1 in plant development. ABP1 shows a broad expression largely overlapping with, but not regulated by, transcriptional auxin response activity. Furthermore, ABP1 activity is not essential for the transcriptional auxin signaling. Genetic in planta analysis revealed that abp1 loss-of-function mutants show largely normal development with minor defects in bolting. On the other hand, ABP1 gain-of-function alleles show a broad range of growth and developmental defects, including root and hypocotyl growth and bending, lateral root and leaf development, bolting, as well as response to heat stress. At the cellular level, ABP1 gain-of-function leads to impaired auxin effect on PIN polar distribution and affects BFA-sensitive PIN intracellular aggregation.The gain-of-function analysis suggests a broad, but still mechanistically unclear involvement of ABP1 in plant development, possibly masked in abp1 loss-of-function mutants by a functional redundancy.

Effects of lime and coffee husk compost on growth of coffee seedlings on acidic soil of Haru in Western Ethiopia

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of lime, coffee husk compost and their combinations on growth response of coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) seedlings at Haru Research Sub-Center nursery site in West Ethiopia in 2016/17. The experiment was laid out in a factorial experiment arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments included four levels of lime (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/2.5k g soil (pot)) and coffee husk compost (0, 6.25, 12.5 and 18.75 g/2.5 kg soil (pot)). The relevant shoot and root growth parameters data were collected and subjected to Analysis of Variance using SAS package and treatment means were compared at 0.05 probability using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that lime and coffee husk compost rates significantly (p ≤ 0.01) affected the shoot and root growth of coffee seedlings. The highest growth performance of coffee seedlings (plant height, stem girth, leaf number and area, tap and lateral root length, lateral root number, root volume, stem, leaf and root dry matter) were obtained from the application of 18.75 g/pot coffee husk compost and combined lime and coffee husk compost at the modest levels of 4g/pot lime and 12.5 g/pot coffee husk compost with a non-significant variation. From the study, it can be concluded that application of 18.75 g/pot coffee husk compost or combining 12.5 g/pot of coffee husk compost and 4 g/pot of agricultural lime could be a promising alternative amendment for acid soil management and production of vigorous coffee seedlings in Haru areas. But, further investigations should be continued under field conditions across locations and seasons to evaluate the effects of liming and coffee husk composts in ameliorating soil acidity, and improving growth, yield and quality of coffee varieties and establish their profitable levels for sustainable soil fertility management and production of Wollega coffee in west Ethiopia.

Armut Fidanlarının Morfolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Anaçların ve Çeşitlerin Etkisi

Meyve yetiştiriciliğinde anaçlar üzerine aşılanan çeşidin büyüme ve gelişmesini etkilediği gibi çeşitler de üzerlerine aşılandıkları anacı etkilemektedirler. Günümüzde armut yetiştiriciliği farklı büyüme özelliklerine sahip anaçlar üzerine aşılanarak çoğaltılan fidanlar ile yapılmaktadır. Bitkilerin kök sistemini oluşturacak olan anaçların seçimi çeşit seçimi kadar önemlidir. Bu çalışma, aşılı armut fidanlarının morfolojik özellikleri üzerine bazı armut klon anaç ve çeşitlerinin etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2018-2019 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, ‘Deveci’, ‘Williams’, ‘Santa Maria’ ve ‘Abate Fetel’ armut çeşitleri Fox9, Fox11, OHxF87 ve OHxF333 armut klon anaçları üzerine dilciksiz aşı yöntemiyle aşılanmıştır. Araştırmada fidanlarda anaç çapı (mm), aşı noktası çapı (mm), aşı sürgününde yan dal sayısı (adet), boğum sayısı (adet), boğum arası mesafe (cm), yaprak eni ve boyu (cm), yaprak sapı uzunluğu (cm) ve kalınlığı (mm), sürgündeki yaprak sayısı (adet), ortalama ve toplam yaprak alanı (cm2) incelenmiştir. Araştırmada tüm parametreler üzerine anaçların ve çeşitlerin değişen düzeylerde etkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek aşı noktası çapı anaçlar bakımından Fox9; çeşitler bakımından ‘Deveci’de belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada en fazla yan dal sayısı ve yaprak sayısı Fox9 üzerine aşılı ‘Deveci’ çeşidinde tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama yaprak alanı en fazla ‘Santa Maria’, bitki başına toplam yaprak alanı ise ‘Deveci’ çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Sürgündeki boğum sayısının Fox9 anacında diğer anaçlardan daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Boğum arası mesafenin Fox9 anacında diğer anaçlardan daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. ‘Santa Maria’ çeşidinde boğum arası mesafenin diğer çeşitlerden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda morfolojik özellikler bakımından Fox9 anacı üzerine aşılı ‘Deveci’ çeşidinin diğer çeşit/anaç kombinasyonlarından daha iyi değerlere sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.

Evaluation of usage and time of glycine amino acid application on growth and vegetative organs yield and antioxidant activity of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L .) under different irrigation conditions

IntroductionHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) belongs to the family of Lamiaceae. woody, perennial, shrubs with short, four-stalks, with a height of 50 to 70 centimeters. Its small and reciprocal leaves, the sharp, perfect, very aromatic, and its beautiful flowers, dark blue to purple, white. This herb has a powerful, cough- Soothing, expectorant effect, more or less diuretic and stomach tonic. Drought stress, while decreasing green growth and yield, causes changes in antioxidant activity in this plant. In nature, different environmental stresses threaten the survival, yield and growth of plants. Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses limiting the production of plants around the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Drought stress generally destroys and breaks down chloroplates and decreases chlorophyll content and decreases the amount of enzymes activity in the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis and ultimately reduces the growth and yield of the crop. The accumulation of compatible solutes is one of the effective mechanisms for modulating the stresses of dehydration or salinity. This regulation is performed by the production of more organic materials such as protein, soluble sugars, and amino acids such as glycine, proline, alanine and valine in the air and root organs. Glycine is one of the important amino acids in the environmental stresses and chemical formula is NH2-CH2-COOH. This research were investigate the effects of foliar application of glycine amino acid and its application time on growth and yield and antioxidant compounds of Hyssop under different irrigation conditions.Materials and methodsThe experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications of Yazd agricultural and natural resources research farm in 2016-2017. Irrigation at 25, 50, 75% of the available soil water from the soil, order to control, medium stress, severe stress as the main factor and foliar application treatments in two levels of distilled water (control) and glycine amino acid (2.5 per thousand) and two levels of foliar application (vegetative and just flowering, flowering) were considered as subplots. The measured traits included plant height, lateral branch number, leaf number, fresh and dry weight yield, total phenolic compounds flavonoid and anthocyanin levels. SAS software was used to analyze the data. Mean comparison was performed by LSD at the probability level of 5%.Results and discussionDifferent irrigation treatments reduced the number of lateral branches, number of leaf, fresh and dry weight yields, total phenol, but the anthocyanin content increased. No significant differences were observed between foliar application time treatments. Interaction effects showed that the combination of control irrigation and foliar application of glycine increased the height and number of lateral branches. Also this material in combination with irrigation mild and severe stress treatments levels increased leaf number, fresh and dry weight yield of plant compared to control. Conclusion The results of this present study indicated that the external application of glycine amino acid in addition to reducing the damage caused by water stress in the plant, also has increased the plant's ability to improve grow and enhance yield.

Variability in flowering behaviour and physico-chemical traits of bael (Aegle marmelos) cultivars under subtropical conditions

Nine cultivars of bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.) were evaluated under subtropical conditions at Experimental Research Farm of ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow, in Randomized Block Design for two consecutive years, i.e. 2016 and 2017. The maximum terminal leaf length (13.50 cm) and breadth (8.40 cm) were recorded in cv. CISH-B-2, lateral leaf length (10.38 cm) in CISH-B-2 and lateral leaf breadth (6.54 cm) in NB-5. The flowering period started from 15th May and continued till 29th June with peak flowering observed during the second and third week of June. Fruit weight ranged 0.746 kg to 1.80 kg, fruit circumference from 37.5 to 50.01 cm and fruit length from 9.10–17.20 cm. Similarly, seeds/fruit varied from 82–156, number of seed sacs per fruit 11–18, seed percentage 0.36–1.08%, shell weight 0.150–0.548 g, shell percentage 14.46–21.54%, shell thickness 1.6–3.4mm. Pulp percentage varied from 57.63–82.39%. Rich variability was recorded in some biochemical traits of the fruits. The study exemplifes that ample variability is available in bael cultivars which may be utilized for improving production and productivity.

Evaluation of Stable Morphological Traits in Soybean Collection Samples for Determination of Standard Varieties

For identification of varieties, it is desirable to use genetically predetermined traits that are decisive for the varietal identification of the distinguishing characteristics of the varieties production and new genotypes for selection. The presence a complete evaluation of the selection samples a particular crop is the basis for the formation of informative databases characteristics the varieties of standards used in plant examination to determine the level of expression a characteristic particular genotype according to the code of their manifestation. For the 20 traits we used to identify, we identified 6 least volatile, highly trait-stable traits over the years of study to identify. These are: “coloring of the pubescence of the main stem”, “the size of the lateral leaf”, “the intensity of green leaf color”, “flower color”, “the intensity of brown bean color”, “basic color of the seed coat”. The other 14 traits are highly variable and unstable among varieties, but may be significant under certain conditions. According to the results of the research we have determined the conformity of the collection varieties by code graduation. In the study, we selected varieties with corresponding codes of attributes of the reference varieties the UPOV technique. On the basic of the color the pubescence of the main stem, 36% varieties are with grey stem pubescence. Among the standards: Apache, Alaric, Talon according to the grey color of the pubescence, we identified varieties Zolotysta, Ozzie, Diona. The 2947 564/84, Stepnaya-90, Knyazhna. The lateral leaf size is a sign that affects the increase in green mass of plants and subsequently on productivity. Graduation of the sign small size of leaf had varieties: Zuma, Ksenya; middle – Heinong 37, Yuh-30; large – 2947 564/84, Vinni, DSS 2504. The following is a sign of the intensity of leaf plate, which is divided by gradation into light, moderate and dark. Among our samples with a light degree of color, we can distinguish Diona, Sribna Ruta, and Zuma. For varieties with moderate gradation of color are selected: Perlyna, 93/99, Knyazhna. To the dark color of the leaf plate we attributed the varieties: Stepnaya-90, Ozzie. Among the varieties we studied of the basics of flower color 37% varieties are with a white flower, and 63% with a purple. According to the varieties of standards: Chandor, Cresir, Toreador to the white color of the flower we attributed varieties Knyazhna, Ozzie, Zolotysta. With the purple color of the flower we have selected varieties: 93/99, Zhemchuzhna, Heinong 37. On the basis of the intensity of brown color bean, which characterizes the generative organs of the plant, is divided into weak, moderate and strong, but the other identifiers there are gradations: sandy, gray, light brown, brown and dark brown, so we decided what would be better identify by color gradation. To the sandy color of the beans we attributed varieties Perlyna, Yuh-30; gray – Sribna Ruta; light brown – Kobza, Knyazhna; brown – Ksenya; dark brown – Zhemchuzhna, Vinni. Important features that identify the description of varieties include basic color of the seed coat, which affects the taste of the seeds. In particular, the seeds are divided by color into yellow – Kobza, Yuh-30; yellow-green – Vinni, Luch Nadezhdy; green – Heorhina; light brown – 2947 564/84, brown – DSS 2504; dark brown – 2974 YS-24 and black color – not detected. Following the results of the previous collection of soybean varieties from the morphological sings of vegetative, generative organs of plants, it was possible to identify varieties with stable manifestation of standard identifying sings of soybean. Collection varieties with one standard characteristics: Heinong 37, Luch Nadezhdy, DSS 2504, 2974 YS-24; two signs: Zolotysta, Diona, Stepnaya-90, Zuma, Ksenya, Heorhina, Sribna Ruta, Perlyna, 93/99, Zhemchuzhna; three signs: Ozzie, 2947 564/84, Yuh-30, Vinni, Knyazhna.

Low auxin sensitivity of diageotropica tomato mutant alters nitrogen deficiency response.

Plant responses to nitrogen supply are dependent on auxin signaling, but much still remains to be elucidated regarding N deficiency in tomato. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate how low auxin sensitivity regulates the responses of tomato plants to N deficiency. For this purpose, we used the tomato diageotropica mutant, with low auxin sensitivity, and a near isogenic line cv. Micro-Tom grown in nutrient solutions under absence and presence of nitrogen. Plant height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry mass, area and root density, number of lateral roots, leaf area, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were evaluated. We observed a clear interaction between the tomato genotype and nitrogen. When the plants were grown with nitrogen, 'Micro-Tom' showed higher growth than the diageotropica mutant. Under nitrogen deficiency condition, the mutant showed improved growth, nitrogen use efficiency and higher contents of pigments. In general, the low sensitivity to auxin in diageotropica caused reduced growth in both shoot and root. However, the diageotropica tomato showed a positive regulation of the nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen deficiency. In general, our data revealed that the reduced sensitivity to auxin increased the adaptive capacity to the nitrogen deficiency.

<p><strong><em>Magnolia napoensis</em></strong><strong> (subsect. <em>Talauma</em>, Magnoliaceae): a new species from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru</strong></p>

Magnolia napoensis, a new species from the Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru is described and illustrated. This species belongs to subsection Talauma; it is similar to M. rimachii in leaf shape but differs from the latter in being taller with a larger diameter and having fewer lateral leaf veins, more numerous hypsophylls, larger flowers, longer outer petals, more numerous stamens and fruits ovoid and ribbed vs. subglobose and smooth. The new species differs from M. neillii by its leaves with fewer lateral veins, glabrous petioles and terminal internodes, more numerous hypsophylls, fewer stamens and ovoid fruits of smaller size, with fewer carpels. Magnolia napoensis is assessed as endangered (EN B2ab(iii)) in accordance with the IUCN criteria.

Effect of Two Types of Yeast Suspension Kodamaea ohmeri- AR1and Rodotorula mucilaginosa -AR on the Growth Characters of Seedling Wheat Plant in the Growth Chamber

Suspension of two yeast types one of them isolated from soil and the other from yellow apple, Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa –AR were used to determine their ability to enhance the growth of seelding wheat plant and improve it's growth characters. Results showed that plants inoculated with each type of the yeasts and planted on water agar medium caused significant root elongation with 9.1 and 8.6 cm respectively as compared to non-inoculated plants which was 6.6 cm. Seeds treated with yeast suspension and planted on peatmoss encouraged plant growth and improve growth characters of the plant and gave seedling hight and radical length equall to 22.7, 22.1 cm and 14.0, 12.9 cm as compared to un inoculated control plants with 19.0 and 8.2 cm respectively. Also increased the dry weight of shoot and root system by 0.030, 0.028, 0.035, 0.032 g/ plant-1 comparing with the un inoculated controls by 0.020 and 0.023 g / plant-1 for each of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa -AR and Kodamaea ohmeri –AR1respectively. Moreover increased the number of lateral roots and leaf area signitfcautly by 6.3, 6.1 and 6.3, 6.0 cm2 whereas for control plants it reached 4.6 and 4.8 cm2 respectively. Inoculated wheat seeldings with each of two type yeast suspension enhanced all test growth parameters high seeldings، length root، soft weight of vegetable total، soft weight of root total, dry weight of vegetable total, dry weight of root total, number of lateral root, paper area as well as chlorophyll content of the plants as compared with controls. ).

Grape Flavonoid Evolution and Composition Under Altered Light and Temperature Conditions in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.).

The evolution of flavonoids under altered temperature and light conditions in the fruit zone was followed in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes during ripening. The study was conducted over two consecutive seasons in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 comprising two main treatments in which the light quantity was manipulated in the bunch zone: (1) standard (STD) with no lateral shoot or leaf removal and (2) leaf removal west (LRW) treatment with leaf removal on the western side of the bunch zone. Furthermore, the light quality was altered by installing ultraviolet B-suppression sheets within the bunch zone in both seasons. Tannin evolution was dependent on the prevailing light quality/quantity and temperatures during berry development in a particular season. Grape seed tannin accumulation coincided with seed development and commenced at the early stages of berry development. Seed proanthocyanidin composition was not influenced by the treatments. The largest impact on proanthocyanidin accumulation and structure in the skin was due to seasonal variations highlighting the complex interaction between light quality and/or quantity across the two growing seasons and eventually the complex interaction with temperature. Flavonol accumulation was significantly influenced by the light quality, which is known to be the main abiotic driver of flavonol biosynthesis regulation. Anthocyanin concentration and content were largely dependent on the temperature and light quality in a particular season. Anthocyanin composition was altered by the season rather than the treatment.

Effects of Lime and Phosphorus Rates on Growth of Hybrid Arabica Coffee Seedlings at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

Coffee growing soil of southwestern region parts of Ethiopia are classified as Nitisols with having a low pH and highly deficient in phosphorus. A nursery experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center, southwestern Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of lime and phosphorus rates on coffee seedling growth under nursery conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial combinations of five levels of lime (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 g) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg) 2.5 kg -1 top soil. The statical data was analyzed through SAS software and treatment means were compared at 5% probability using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results revealed that th e interactions of lime and P rates significantly increased the growth of both non-destructive parameters (plant height, girth, number of nods, interned length, leaf number and leaf area) and Root growth parameters (taproot length, lateral root length, lateral root number, root volume, leaf stem and root fresh weight, of coffee seedlings. The maximum shoot and root extensions were obtained from the interaction of 10 g lime and 800 mg P rates 2.5 kg -1 top soil. On the other hand, applications of P significantly ( P≤ 0.01) affected soil and plant growth parameters. As P rate increased availability P boosted and plant growth were enhanced. Similarly, an application of lime significantly affected ( P≤ 0.01) plant growth and enhance nutrient availability up to 10 g, though further applications adversely affect seedling growth and nutrient availability. Hence , combined application of 10 g lime and 800 mg P rate 2.5 kg -1 top enhances the optimum growth of coffee seedlings under nursery conditions. Keywords: Coffee nursery, Coffee seedlings, Exchangeable acidity, Lime rates DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-15-04 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Corrigendum: miR156/SPL10 Modulates Lateral Root Development, Branching and Leaf Morphology in Arabidopsis by Silencing AGAMOUS-LIKE 79

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02226.].

Response of Jerusalem artichoke Plants Grown under Saline Calcareous soil to Application of Different Combined Organic Manures

Two field experiments were successfully carried out to evaluate the potential influences of three organic manure (farmyard, FYM, poultry, PLM, and pigeon PGM) applied in different combinations on growth and tuber yield, and biochemical constituents of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) plants. The results indicated that organic treatments improved all tested parameters, with different degrees, compared to the control. In the first season (2016/2017), the combined PLM + PGM treatment (T2) produced the highest values of No. of leaves, leaf and stem fresh and dry weights, tuber fresh and dry weights, and tuber nitrogen content. The combined PGM + ½ FYM + ½ PLM) treatment (T6) produced the highest values of plant height, No. of lateral shoots, tuber phosphorus, cadmium and nickel content. While combined FYM + PLM treatment (T1), produced the highest values of leaf nitrogen content and total yield. While, the combined FYM + ½ PLM + ½ PGM treatment (T4) showed the best number of lateral shoots, leaf fresh and dry weights, tuber fresh weight and total tuber yield, leaf phosphorus and tuber nitrogen contents in the second season (2017/2018). However, the combined FYM + PGM treatment (T3) produced the highest values of total phenolic compounds, leaf phosphorus and tuber potassium contents, and the combined PGM + ½FYM + ½PLMtreatment (T6) was the best for inulin percentage in both seasons. The results of this study recommend using organic fertilizers, especially the combined T1 or T4 for Jerusalem artichoke.

Flower of the heart, Magnolia yajlachhi (subsect. Talauma, Magnoliaceae), a new species of ceremonial, medicinal, conservation and nurse tree relevance in the Zapotec culture, Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, Mexico

A new species of Magnolia from Sierra de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico, is described and illustrated. Magnolia yajlachhi belongs to sect. Talauma, subsect. Talauma, locally known as “yajlachhi” (flower of the heart, in Zapotec). It shares with M. lacandonica the subglobose mature fruit and the entirely white petals, but differs from the latter in having fewer carpels and stamens; more lateral leaf veins per side; and seeds orange vs. scarlet-red. It shares with M. zoquepopolucae the subglobose fruit but differs from the latter in having fewer carpels and stamens; petals entirely white vs. purplish in the upper portion (¾); more lateral leaf-veins per side; and seeds orange vs. scarlet-red. It shares with M. mexicana a similar number of carpels and stamens but it differs from the latter in having subglobose fruits to widely ovoid-depressed vs. widely ellipsoid; more leaf-veins per side; petals entirely white vs. adaxially purplish in the upper portion (¾); and seeds orange vs. scarlet-red. A key to Mexican species of sect. Talauma subsect. Talauma is provided. This species was assessed as Critically Endangered (CR). The species has a ceremonial and medicinal, conservation and nurse tree relevance in the Zapotecan culture.

Effects of Different Chemical Forms of Nitrogen on the Quick and Reversible Inhibition of Soybean Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation Activity.

It has been reported that supply of nitrate to culture solution rapidly and reversibly inhibits nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity of soybean. In this study, the effects of ammonium, urea, or glutamine on nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity are compared with that for nitrate. Soybean plants were cultivated with a nitrogen-free nutrient solution, then 1 mM-N of nitrate, ammonium, glutamine, or urea were supplied from 12 DAP until 17 DAP. Repression of nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity at 17 DAP were observed by ammonium, urea, and glutamine like nitrate, although the inhibitory effects were milder than nitrate. The removal of nitrogen from the culture solutions after nitrogen treatments resulted in a recovery of the nodule growth. It was found that the glutamine treatment followed by N-free cultivation gave highest nitrogen fixation activity about two times of the control. Tracer experiments with 15N and 13C were performed to evaluate the translocation of N and C to the different tissues. Culture solutions containing a 15N-labeled nitrogen source were supplied from 21 DAP, and the whole shoots were exposed to 13CO2 for 60 min on 23 DAP, and plants were harvested on 24 DAP. The percentage distribution of 15N in nodules was highest for ammonium (1.4%) followed by glutamine (0.78%), urea (0.32%) and nitrate (0.25%). The percentage distribution of 13C in the nodules was highest for the control (11.5%) followed by urea (5.8%), glutamine (2.6%), ammonium (2.3%), and nitrate (2.3%). The inhibitory effects of nitrogen compounds appeared to be related to a decrease in photoassimilate partitioning in the nodules, rather than 15N transport into the nodules. The free amino acid concentrations after nitrogen treatments were increased in the nodules and leaves by nitrate, in the roots by ammonium, in the stems by urea, and the roots, stems, and leaves by glutamine treatment. The concentrations of asparagine, aspartate, and glutamine were increased after nitrogen treatments. By the long-term supply of nitrogen for 2-weeks, nitrate significantly increased the lateral roots and leaf growth. The long-term supply of urea and glutamine also promoted the lateral roots and leaf growth, but ammonium suppressed them.

Arachnoid Membranes Around the Cisternal Segment of the Trigeminal Nerve: A Cadaveric Anatomic Study and Intraoperative Observations During Minimally Invasive Microvascular Decompression Surgery

The minimally invasive microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia is technically a more challenging operation compared with the standard retrosigmoidal approach. Endoscopic assistance could help to widen the field of view of the microscope during MVD. An extended view around the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve can be achieved only with the targeted dissection of the arachnoid membranes. The goal of our study was to analyze the three-dimensional organization of these membranes around the trigeminal nerve. Microsurgical, endoscopic, and macroscopic anatomic examinations were performed on 50 fresh human cadaveric specimens. Retrospective analysis of the video documentations of 50 MVDs was performed to describe the surgical relevance of the examined membranes. The trigeminal nerve is surrounded circumferentially by 4 inner arachnoid membranes: laterally and caudally by the trigeminal membrane (TM), cranially by the superior cerebellar membrane (SCM), and medially by the junction between the cranial edge of the anterior pontine membrane and the lateral edge mesencephalic leaf of the Liliequist membrane complex. The superior cerebellar artery was located in every case cranial from the SCM. This membrane served as a safety plane to dissect the vessel from the nerve. The SCM was laterally adherent to the TM, which made the arachnoid dissection challenging. The superior petrosal vein was located cranially and laterally from the described inner arachnoid membranes, but the transverse pontine vein was embedded into the membrane complex. Knowledge of the described anatomy of the arachnoid membranes around the trigeminal nerve is essential to safely perform an MVD.