Evaluation of Stable Morphological Traits in Soybean Collection Samples for Determination of Standard Varieties

Abstract

For identification of varieties, it is desirable to use genetically predetermined traits that are decisive for the varietal identification of the distinguishing characteristics of the varieties production and new genotypes for selection. The presence a complete evaluation of the selection samples a particular crop is the basis for the formation of informative databases characteristics the varieties of standards used in plant examination to determine the level of expression a characteristic particular genotype according to the code of their manifestation. For the 20 traits we used to identify, we identified 6 least volatile, highly trait-stable traits over the years of study to identify. These are: “coloring of the pubescence of the main stem”, “the size of the lateral leaf”, “the intensity of green leaf color”, “flower color”, “the intensity of brown bean color”, “basic color of the seed coat”. The other 14 traits are highly variable and unstable among varieties, but may be significant under certain conditions. According to the results of the research we have determined the conformity of the collection varieties by code graduation. In the study, we selected varieties with corresponding codes of attributes of the reference varieties the UPOV technique. On the basic of the color the pubescence of the main stem, 36% varieties are with grey stem pubescence. Among the standards: Apache, Alaric, Talon according to the grey color of the pubescence, we identified varieties Zolotysta, Ozzie, Diona. The 2947 564/84, Stepnaya-90, Knyazhna. The lateral leaf size is a sign that affects the increase in green mass of plants and subsequently on productivity. Graduation of the sign small size of leaf had varieties: Zuma, Ksenya; middle – Heinong 37, Yuh-30; large – 2947 564/84, Vinni, DSS 2504. The following is a sign of the intensity of leaf plate, which is divided by gradation into light, moderate and dark. Among our samples with a light degree of color, we can distinguish Diona, Sribna Ruta, and Zuma. For varieties with moderate gradation of color are selected: Perlyna, 93/99, Knyazhna. To the dark color of the leaf plate we attributed the varieties: Stepnaya-90, Ozzie. Among the varieties we studied of the basics of flower color 37% varieties are with a white flower, and 63% with a purple. According to the varieties of standards: Chandor, Cresir, Toreador to the white color of the flower we attributed varieties Knyazhna, Ozzie, Zolotysta. With the purple color of the flower we have selected varieties: 93/99, Zhemchuzhna, Heinong 37. On the basis of the intensity of brown color bean, which characterizes the generative organs of the plant, is divided into weak, moderate and strong, but the other identifiers there are gradations: sandy, gray, light brown, brown and dark brown, so we decided what would be better identify by color gradation. To the sandy color of the beans we attributed varieties Perlyna, Yuh-30; gray – Sribna Ruta; light brown – Kobza, Knyazhna; brown – Ksenya; dark brown – Zhemchuzhna, Vinni. Important features that identify the description of varieties include basic color of the seed coat, which affects the taste of the seeds. In particular, the seeds are divided by color into yellow – Kobza, Yuh-30; yellow-green – Vinni, Luch Nadezhdy; green – Heorhina; light brown – 2947 564/84, brown – DSS 2504; dark brown – 2974 YS-24 and black color – not detected. Following the results of the previous collection of soybean varieties from the morphological sings of vegetative, generative organs of plants, it was possible to identify varieties with stable manifestation of standard identifying sings of soybean. Collection varieties with one standard characteristics: Heinong 37, Luch Nadezhdy, DSS 2504, 2974 YS-24; two signs: Zolotysta, Diona, Stepnaya-90, Zuma, Ksenya, Heorhina, Sribna Ruta, Perlyna, 93/99, Zhemchuzhna; three signs: Ozzie, 2947 564/84, Yuh-30, Vinni, Knyazhna.