Large Number Of Roots Research Articles

Effects of Nitrogen Content and pH on Micropropagation of Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.)

This study evaluated the effects of pH and inorganic nitrogen sources (KNO3 and NH4NO3) on the regeneration of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. The pH and nitrogen concentration in the medium were crucial for the successful micropropagation of E. ganitrus. The concentration of nitrogen in the medium significantly affected the development and growth rate of cultures. As a basal medium, Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) was employed together with various nitrogen concentrations and plant growth hormones. After 4-5 weeks of inoculation, BAP (0.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l) produced the maximum number of shoots (4.42 ± 2.17) among all the growth hormones tested. To obtain the maximum number of shoots and shoot length, different strengths of KNO3 (500-3500 mg/l), NH4NO3 (500-3500 mg/l), and pH (5-7.5) were adjusted in the medium. The largest number of roots was contained in MS medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA (4.47 ± 1.38) after root induction was carried out on MS with NAA, IBA, and IAA (0.2-2.0 mg/l). When the medium contained 1500 mg/l KNO3 and 2000 mg/l NH4NO3 (3.02 ± 1.60), the highest root initiation was observed. The rooting medium with a pH of 6.0 had the most influence and produced the maximum number of roots (4.8 ± 0.48). The plantlets were allowed to harden and acclimate in a greenhouse. A 76% survival rate was noted in the field.

Использование регулятора роста растений янтарной кислоты при укоренении одревесневших черенков сортов и форм груши

As a result of the conducted research, it was found that when treated with succinic acid, the plant growth regulator, the greatest rooting result was observed in the varieties of pear Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa. This indicator ranged from 75.1 to 77.8%. Without the use of a plant growth regulator (from 60.0 to 65.7%), the pear varieties Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa had the greatest rootability. According to Table 2, the highest height of increments (from 15.0 to 15.6 cm) when treated with plant growth regulator succinic acid were characterized by pear varieties Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa. The largest diameter of the conditional root neck when using the plant growth regulator succinic acid was characterized by the varieties of pear Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa. This figure was 1.4 cm. The largest number of roots (from 8.0 to 8.6 pcs.) when treated with plant growth regulator succinic acid were the varieties of pear Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa. When using the plant growth regulator succinic acid, the pear varieties Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa had the highest root length (from 11.0 to 11.6 cm). Without the use of a plant growth regulator, the highest growth height (from 13.0 to 13.8 cm) was characterized by the varieties of pear Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa. The largest diameter of the conditional root neck without treatment with a plant growth regulator was possessed by the pear varieties Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa. This figure was 1.2 cm. Without the use of a plant growth regulator, the varieties Grushisvetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa had the largest number of roots (from 6.0 to 6.5 pcs.). The largest root length (from 8.0 to 8.7 cm) without the use of a plant growth regulator was characterized by pear varieties Svetlyanka (k), Memory Yakovleva, Yakovlevskaya, Chudelnitsa.

A Deep Learning Method for Log Diameter Measurement Using Wood Images Based on Yolov3 and DeepLabv3+

Wood volume is an important indicator in timber trading, and log diameter is one of the primary parameters used to calculate wood volume. Currently, the most common methods for measuring log diameters are manual measurement or visual estimation by log scalers, which are laborious, time consuming, costly, and error prone owing to the irregular placement of logs and large numbers of roots. Additionally, this approach can easily lead to misrepresentation of data for profit. This study proposes a model for automatic log diameter measurement that is based on deep learning and uses images to address the existing problems. The specific measures to improve the performance and accuracy of log-diameter detection are as follows: (1) A dual network model is constructed combining the Yolov3 algorithm and DeepLabv3+ architecture to adapt to different log-end color states that considers the complexity of log-end faces. (2) AprilTag vision library is added to estimate the camera position during image acquisition to achieve real-time adjustment of the shooting angle and reduce the effect of log-image deformation on the results. (3) The backbone network is replaced with a MobileNetv2 convolutional neural network to migrate the model to mobile devices, which reduces the number of network parameters while maintaining detection accuracy. The training results show that the mean average precision of log-diameter detection reaches 97.28% and the mean intersection over union (mIoU) of log segmentation reaches 92.22%. Comparisons with other measurement models demonstrate that the proposed model is accurate and stable in measuring log diameter under different environments and lighting conditions, with an average accuracy of 96.26%. In the forestry test, the measurement errors for the volume of an entire truckload of logs and a single log diameter are 1.20% and 0.73%, respectively, which are less than the corresponding error requirements specified in the industry standards. These results indicate that the proposed method can provide a viable and cost-effective solution for measuring log diameters and offering the potential to improve the efficiency of log measurement and promote fair trade practices in the lumber industry.

ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ РЕГУЛЯТОРА РОСТА РАСТЕНИЙ КОРНЕВИНА НА УКОРЕНЯЕМОСТЬ СОРТОВ И ФОРМ ГРУШИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ТУМАНА

Pear is a seed crop that grows and is consumed all over the world, grows on trees and is harvested in the Northern Hemisphere from late summer to October. Plant growth regulators are such chemicals that are capable of various green and lignified cuttings to increase the root system, they are also able to increase yields. Kornevin is an effective plant growth regulator (phytohormone). It is a biological product that stimulates root formation. The drug has a mild effect, is not phytotoxic, eliminates overdoses. It has a long-lasting prolonged effect. Green pear cuttings K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II had the greatest rootability when using the plant growth regulator kornevin (30.0 mg/l) (from 85.0 to 87.7%). Without the use of plant growth regulators, the forms K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II had high rooting rates of green pear cuttings (from 70.5 to 75.9%). The highest growth height when using the plant growth regulator kornevin (30.0 mg/l) was possessed by the rootstock forms of the Caucasian pear, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II, this indicator varied from 12.5 to 14.0 cm. The largest diameter of the conditional root neck (from 1.3 to 1.6 cm) had the forms of pears Caucasian, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II and varieties ‘Pervomayskaya’, ‘Yakovlevskaya’, ‘Avgustovskaya Rosa’, ‘Irista’, ‘Chudesnitsa’, ‘Fevral'skiy Suvenir’. The largest number of roots (from 7.5 to 8.5 pcs.) were demonstrated by the forms of the Caucasian pear, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II. The largest root length (from 9.0 to 9.8 cm) was possessed by the rootstocks of the Caucasian pear, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II and varieties ‘Nika’, ‘Avgustovskaya Rosa’, ‘Irista’, ‘Fevral'skiy Suvenir’. Without the use of plant growth regulators, the largest plant height (from 10.0 to 12.0 cm) was possessed by the forms of Caucasian pear, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II. The largest number of roots (from 5.0 to 6.6 pcs.) had pear shapes 4-39, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II and varieties ‘Svetlyanka (k)’, ‘Nika’, ‘Pervomayskaya’. The largest root length without the use of plant growth regulators was characterized by the forms of the Caucasian pear, 4-26, 4-39, K-1, K-2, OHF 333, Piro II and varieties ‘Nika’, ‘Fevral'skiy Suvenir’, this indicator varied from 7.0 to 7.8 cm.

Efficient regeneration of in vitro derived plants and genetic fidelity assessment of Phalaenopsis orchid

This study uses inflorescence stalk node as explants to establish an efficient and quick Phalaenopsis orchids cloning procedure for the most significant monopodial orchid in floriculture, without callus formation. The current study aimed to develop a rapid and easy regeneration process utilizing flower stalk nodes as explants, while also evaluating the clonal fidelity of the in vitro micropropagated plants through the analysis of RAPD markers. The tissue-cultured plantlets were grown on a solidified half-strength Murashig and Skoog (MS) base medium enriched with 15% coconut water (CW), 150 mg L−1 activated charcoal, and a mixture of 6-benzylaminopurine, BAP (cytokinins) and α-napthalene acetic acid, NAA and indole 3-butyric acid, IBA (auxins). After 14 weeks of growth, the early production of shoot bud was reported in ½ MS medium enriched with 2.5 mg L−1 BAP alone. Maximum shoot bud multiplication was observed in ½ MS fortified with BAP (2.5 mg L−1) + NAA (1.0 mg L−1), while the lowest was observed in 1.5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IBA after 4 months of culturing. In this investigation, roots emerged simultaneously with shoot elongation from the axil, indicating the absence of a distinct rooting stage. The largest number of roots (3.25) was produced by BAP (2.5 mg L−1) + IBA (1.0 mg L−1) compared to NAA. Control, on the other hand, displayed no signs of root growth. Tissue cultured plantlets with well developed root systems while planted in a potting mixture of brick and charcoal (1: 1) resulted in a 70% survival rate during hardening. The clonal faithfulness of in vitro regenerated crop plantlets to the mother plant was demonstrated by the DNA extraction method with ten micropropagated plants’ young leaves as well as the mother plant using random amplification of a polymorphic DNA marker.

Propagation of Canadian rose ‘John Franklin’ in vitro culture

Many researchers are interested in optimizing the clonal micropropagation of ornamental plants. It is known that the varietal specificity of the studied crops makes it necessary to select and optimize the composition of the nutrient medium for each stage of propagation in vitro. The purpose of our research was to identify the effect of the composition and concentration of nutrient hormones on multiple shoot formation, root development in regenerating plants of the rose 'John Franklin' in vitro. A technology has been developed for obtaining a large amount of self-rooted planting material of a winter-hardy decorative rose variety in vitro culture. Clonal micropropagation was performed using vegetative buds as explants. The multiple of shoots is achieved by activating the axillary meristems of the shoots. It has been shown that the efficiency of micropropagation of the 'John Franklin' rose increases on the Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium containing BAP at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l and IAA – 0.5 mg/l. This medium provides high quality regeneration of micro-shoots with a propagation coefficient equal to 5.2. The optimal modification of the nutrient medium at the rooting stage was revealed, and the expediency of using IBA with a concentration of 0.5 mg/l as auxin was noted. The selected conditions allow you to get a larger number of roots on the shoot – 5 pcs. and their greatest length is 51.5 mm.

Root Walker: an automated pipeline for large scale quantification of early root growth responses at high spatial and temporal resolution.

Plants are sessile organisms that constantly adapt to their changing environment. The root is exposed to numerous environmental signals ranging from nutrients and water to microbial molecular patterns. These signals can trigger distinct responses including the rapid increase or decrease of root growth. Consequently, using root growth as a readout for signal perception can help decipher which external cues are perceived by roots, and how these signals are integrated. To date, studies measuring root growth responses using large numbers of roots have been limited by a lack of high-throughput image acquisition, poor scalability of analytical methods, or low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed the Root Walker pipeline, which uses automated microscopes to acquire time-series images of many roots exposed to controlled treatments with high spatiotemporal resolution, in conjunction with fast and automated image analysis software. We demonstrate the power of Root Walker by quantifying root growth rate responses at different time and throughput scales upon treatment with natural auxin and two mitogen-associated protein kinase cascade inhibitors. We find a concentration-dependent root growth response to auxin and reveal the specificity of one MAPK inhibitor. We further demonstrate the ability of Root Walker to conduct genetic screens by performing a genome-wide association study on 260 accessions in under 2 weeks, revealingknown and unknown root growth regulators. Root Walker promises to be a useful toolkit for the plant science community, allowing large-scale screening of root growth dynamics for a variety of purposes, including genetic screens for root sensing and root growth response mechanisms.

Optimization of In Vitro Propagation of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) ‘Pyrodwarf®(S)’ Rootstock

Pears are among the most economically important fruits in the world that are grown in all temperate zones. Pyrus communis L., ‘Pyrodwarf®(S)’ rootstock is one of the gene sources used to improve fruit productivity, rootstock resistance, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Traditional propagation of P. communis L. is time-consuming and limited by a short growing season and harsh winter conditions. Therefore, in vitro propagation is a suitable alternative. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (Kin), individually or in combination, were used for in vitro shoot proliferation. Nodal segments were used as explants. MS medium augmented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was then used for rooting of microshoots. A combination of 2 mg·L−1 BA and 1 mg·L−1 Kin in MS medium resulted in a significant improvement in shoot proliferation. This combination produced the highest number of shoots (4.352 per explant) and leaves (10.02 per explant). The longest shoots (4.045 cm) were obtained in WPM enriched with 1 mg·L−1 BA. However, these shoots were not suitable for multiplication and rooting steps. The largest number of roots (5.50 per microshoot) was obtained on MS medium augmented with IAA at 1 mg·L−1. The produced plantlets were cultivated in pots filled with perlite and cocopeat (in a ratio of 1:3) and acclimatized gradually in a greenhouse, recording an even 90% survival rate.

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PREPARATIONS ON SOWING QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of pre-sowing treatment with various preparations on germination, growth and development of spring wheat. Spring wheat seeds were pre-soaked for 24 hours in Biohumus liquid organomineral fertilizer and Chlorella Suspension growth stimulator, presowing treatment was also carried out with agromineral fertilizers - zeolite from the Tatarsko-Shatrashanskiy deposit and tripoli from Kaluga region. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions in vessels and rolls. An increase of germination energy and seed germination was noted in rolls, when seeds were soaked in biohumus and treated with zeolite - 45 and 22% higher than in the control. The maximum values of plant height were observed in the variant with zeolite - 9% higher than the control. The number of roots increased by 22%, their length in the variant with biohumus was, on average, 20% more than the control values. The coleoptile length was at the same level in all variants. The maximum germination in vessels was obtained in the variant with soaking seeds in chlorella suspension - 92%, which is 9.52% more than the control variant. The maximum plant height was observed in the variant with biohumus - 7% more than the control, the largest root length - in the variant with seed treatment with tripoli - 6% more than the control, and the largest number of roots in the variant with chlorella suspension and zeolite - 9% more than in the control variant.

Construction of root tip density function and root water uptake characteristics in alpine meadows.

Accurate calculation of root water uptake (RWU) is the key to improving vegetation water use efficiency and identifying water cycle evolution patterns, and root tips play an important role in RWU. However, most of the current RWU models in the alpine meadow are calculated based on the root length density (RLD) function. In this study, a large number of roots, soil hydraulic conductivity, and physicochemical property indices were obtained by continuous field prototype observation experiments for up to 2 years. It was found that the RLD and root tip density (RTD) in alpine meadows decrease by 16.2% and 14.6%, respectively, in the wilting stage compared to the regreening stage. The RTD distribution function of the alpine meadow was constructed, and the RWU model was established accordingly. The results show that the RTD function is more accurate than the RLD function to reflect the RWU pattern. Compared with RLD, the simulated RWU model constructed by using RTD as the root index that can effectively absorb water increased by 24.64% on average, and the simulated values were more consistent with the actual situation. It can be seen that there is an underestimation of RWU calculated based on the RLD function, which leads to an underestimation of the effect of climate warming on evapotranspiration. The simulation results of the RWU model based on RTD showed that the RWU rate in the regreening stage increased by 30.24% on average compared with that in the wilting stage. Meanwhile, the top 67% of the rhizosphere was responsible for 86.76% of the total RWU on average. This study contributes to the understanding of the alpine meadow water cycle system and provides theoretical support for the implementation of alpine meadow vegetation protection and restoration projects.

Analysis of normal-form algorithms for solving systems of polynomial equations

We examine several of the normal-form multivariate polynomial rootfinding methods of Telen, Mourrain, and Van Barel and some variants of those methods. We analyze the performance of these variants in terms of their asymptotic temporal complexity as well as speed and accuracy on a wide range of numerical experiments.All variants of the algorithm are problematic for systems in which many roots are very close together. We analyze the performance on one such system in detail, namely the “devastating example” that Noferini and Townsend used to demonstrate instability of resultant-based methods. We demonstrate that the problems with the devastating example arise from having a large number of roots very close to each other. We also show that a small number of clustered roots does not cause numerical problems for these methods. We conjecture that the clustering of many roots is the primary source of problematic examples.

Effect of the Floating Seedling Technique on Banana Seedling Growth

Floating seedling technology was used to propagate banana seedlings. The effects of different substrates, such as wood bran, vermiculite, and Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient solution, at different concentrations on the survival rate of banana floating seedlings and the growth of seedling stem, leaf, and root systems were compared. The results showed that banana seedlings treated with MS nutrient solution at one-half or one-third concentration or hydroponically with controlled slow-release fertilizer (0.5–0.6 g/plant) directly added to the wood bran substrate grew the fastest and had the largest number of roots. At 50 days after transplanting, these banana seedlings reached the standard of first-grade packaged seedlings, with the number of expanded leaves reaching 6.6 to 7.6, the width of leaves reaching 6.5 cm to 7.3 cm, and the root system relatively developed. The comprehensive characteristics of the seedlings were all better than those of other treatments. The results of this study have certain reference significance for accelerating seedling growth in greenhouses and large-scale production of disease-free banana seedlings. The banana floating seedling system we developed did not need watering every day and may be simpler than other seedling raising methods.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ОЦЕНКИ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ АГРОЭКОТИПОВ ПО ПРИЗНАКАМ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ И ДОНОРСКИМ СВОЙСТВАМ

For spring wheat, it is extremely relevant to study drought resistance in the initial phases of the growing season, as water deficiency during this period leads to significant yield losses. The method of seed germination in distilled water (control) and sucrose solution (experiment) makes it possible to evaluate drought resistance by morphological characteristics in the seedling phase. The studied varieties of spring wheat belonging to different ecotypes significantly differed in the number of germinal roots, total seedling biomass, redistribution of plastic substances between root and the general combining ability (GCA). The Nos Norko variety (Germany) had a significantly high number of germinal roots in the control (109% of the group average) and a consistently high OCS in the series of generations, which allows it to be classified as a donor of this trait. The Klein Vencedor variety (Argentina) had the highest seedling weight (112…120%) in the control and experimental variants. This genotype was also characterized by a relatively low stress response. The resulting hybrids differed in their seedling weight in the second and third generations. The RSR diagnostic method makes it possible to clearly differentiate the studied varieties by adaptive drought resistance strategy. The Jahuara F-77 (Mexico) and Karabalykskaya 91 (Kazakhstan) varieties redistributed most of the plastic substances in the roots under water shortage, the Nos Norko (Germany) and Erythrospermum 1129 (Russia) varieties maintained a stable root/sprout ratio. The inclusion of selected varieties in the crossing program will produce hybrids with maximum genetic diversity and expanded amplitude of possible adaptation to changes in the hydrothermal regime. In practical work, when analyzing breeding material under control conditions, it is important to note that genotypes with a large number of roots were characterized by good donor properties of this trait. Under stress conditions, genotypes with a large number of germinal roots had an increased seedling biomass and increased root/sprout ratio. The heritability of the studied traits indicates that the selection efficiency may be higher in terms of the number of roots and RSR in the control, and in terms of seedling weight in the experiment.

干旱胁迫下柳枝稷在露天矿区土壤中的种子萌发和生长特性

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 干旱胁迫下柳枝稷在露天矿区土壤中的种子萌发和生长特性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202107091854 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501108）；国家能源集团科技创新项目（HT（2020）2337号）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0503604） Effect of drought stress on the seed germination and growth characteristics of switchgrass Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:将能源植物用作矿区生态修复物种，对矿区的经济发展和生态环境具有重要意义。以能源植物柳枝稷为研究对象，通过盆栽试验，分析其在对照、轻度、中度以及重度干旱胁迫下柳枝稷幼苗在矿区土壤基质和非矿区土壤基质下的生长特性，并结合不同干旱胁迫下矿区土壤基质中种子萌发特征，揭示柳枝稷对干旱胁迫的响应机制和对矿区土壤的生态适应性。试验结果表明：（1）柳枝稷种子发芽总数、发芽率、发芽势以及发芽指数在轻度胁迫下达到最大值，活力指数在对照组最高，而在重度胁迫下，各项指标均达到最小值；种苗各生长指标在轻度胁迫下最小，幼苗根长和鲜重在重度胁迫下最高，芽长和芽重在其余三组胁迫下相差不大。（2）干旱胁迫使两种土壤基质下的柳枝稷株高降低，枯叶率增加，在对照、轻度胁迫和重度胁迫下能够保持叶片水分含量和分蘖数稳定；矿区土壤基质中，柳枝稷根体积在轻度胁迫下最大，中度胁迫下根长最长，重度胁迫下根数最多；根冠比随着干旱胁迫的加剧表现出先减后增的趋势，在轻度胁迫下最小，在重度胁迫下最大。（3）与非矿区土壤基质相比，柳枝稷在矿区土壤基质下根冠比更大，其余生长指标均更小；随着干旱胁迫的加剧，柳枝稷在矿区土壤基质下的株高、枯叶率、叶片相对含水量以及分蘖数与非矿区土壤基质下变化趋势一致。综上，柳枝稷在矿区土壤下的生长特性比在非矿区土壤下表现更差；在轻度干旱胁迫下各项生理指标表现更好，在中度和重度干旱胁迫下虽然其生长发育受到限制，但能通过调整生物量配比确保自身存活。因此，柳枝稷在矿区土壤环境下具有一定的抗旱性和抗贫瘠性，将其作为矿区生态修复品种具有可行性。 Abstract:Energy plant as one species for ecological restoration in mining areas is of great significance to the economic development and ecological environment of mining areas. Taking switchgrass, an energy plant, as the research object, through pot experiments, by analyzing the growth characteristics of seedlings in the soil matrix of the mining area and the non-mining area under the control, mild, moderate and severe drought stress, combining the seed germination characteristics in the soil matrix of the mining area, the response mechanism of switchgrass to drought stress and the ecological adaptability of the mining area soil were revealed. The test results showed that:(1) the total number of germinations, germination rate, germination potential and germination index of switchgrass seeds reached the maximum under mild stress, and the vitality index was the highest in the control group. Each index reached the minimum under severe stress. Each growth index of seedlings was minimal under mild stress, the root length and fresh weight of seedlings were the highest under severe stress, and the bud length and shoot weight were not much different under the other three groups of stress. (2) Drought stress reduced the plant height of switchgrass under the two soil substrates, and increased the rate of dead leaves. It could maintain the leaf relative water content and the number of tillers stable under the control, mild and severe stresses. In the soil matrix of the mining area, the root volume of switchgrass was the largest under mild stress, the longest root length under moderate stress, and the largest number of roots under severe stress. The root-shoot ratio showed a trend of first decrease and then increase with the intensification of drought stress, reaching the minimum value under mild stress and the maximum value under severe stress. (3) Compared with the soil substrate in the non-mining area, the root-to-shoot ratio of switchgrass under the soil substrate in the mining area was larger, and the other growth indicators were smaller. With the intensification of drought stress, the plant height, dead leaf rate, relative leaf water content and tiller number of switchgrass under the soil matrix in the mining area were consistent with those in the soil matrix in the non-mining area. In summary, the growth characteristics of switchgrass in mining soils were worse than those in non-mining soils. Physiological indicators performed better under mild drought stress, while the growth of switchgrass was restricted under moderate and severe drought stress. In arid and barren environments, switchgrass can ensure its own survival by adjusting the biomass ratio. Therefore, switchgrass had certain resistance to drought and barrenness and was feasible to use it as a variety of ecological restoration in the mining area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Effect of Cultivation Conditions on the Growing Activity of Winter Barley Genotypes

In the period 2018-2020 in the Institute of Agriculture - Karnobat, Bulgaria the influence of growing conditions on the growth activity of winter barley genotypes was studied. The experiments were performed in field and laboratory experiments. In a field multifactorial experiment with 4 fertilization variants (N0: N8: N12: N16) and three sowing rates (250, 350 and 450 germinating seeds) the barley varieties Kuber, Sayra, Zemela and Bozhin were grown. The obtained seeds from the different variants were studied in a laboratory experiment by the method of rolls. From each variant 20 seeds are laid in 3 repetitions on filter paper. The rolls are immersed in water and after 10 days the length of the first leaf, the length of the coleoptile, the number of roots and their length are taken into account. It was found that there are proven differences in the indicators in the studied genotypes. On average for the years of study, the length of the first leaf and the length of the roots is the largest for the seeds obtained in the variant at a sowing rate of 450 germinating seeds and N8. With the largest length of coleoptile and the largest number of roots are the seeds of the variant with a sowing rate of 250 germinating seeds and N8. Analysis of the variant shows that the length of the first leaf, the coleoptile and the number of roots depend on the genotype. The strongest influence on the length of the roots have the conditions of the year. The interaction between the two factors strongly influences all the studied indicators. The interaction between the year, genotype, sowing rate and fertilization also has a great influence on the indicators of the length of the first leaf, coleoptile and roots.

Ефект дії індолілмасляної кислоти і глинування на морфометричні параметри сосни звичайної та сосни жорсткої в умовах росту на техногенних субстратах

The influence of different concentrations of the indolebutyric acid (ІВА) during the claying of the root system on morphometric rates of the scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings on the waste heap of coal mines and the pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) in the conditions of growth on technogenic substrates of a dump in model experiments was studied. It was found that the application of the claying method of the pine root system with the simultaneous addition of the IВА contributes to a significant increase of the growth parameters of aboveground phytomass and development of the root system both model and field experiments. The largest number of roots in the pitch pine (laboratory conditions) was stimulated concentrations of the IBA – 100 and 200 mg / kg of clay on a black substrate (296 %), and of the roots mass of the same concentrations – on the red substrate (795 % and 788 %, respectively). On the black substrate all concentrations of the indolebutyric acid (50, 100, 200 mg / kg of clay) much better stimulated shoot length, in particular the IBA of 100 mg / kg of clay (244 %). On the red substrate under the action of the IBA all the ratios to clay shoot growth was slower than on the black. However, a significant accumulation of his biomass was observed, in particular at a concentration of the IВА 100 mg / kg of clay – 554 %. It was studied that of the scotch pine seedlings, which grew on the waste heap of the Central Сoncentrating Factory during 2 and 3 years, also increased their morphometric parameters with using of clay and the indolеbutyric acid in different concentrations. It was found that in 2-year-old spruce seedlings the maximum phytomass of the shoot (438 %) was set at the ratio of IВА to clay – 100 mg / kg of clay. Indolеbutyric acid at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg / kg of clay significantly affected on formation of root biomass in plants – 748 % and 690 %, respectively. In the 3-rd year of growth of the scotch pine on technogenic substrates, a significant accumulation of the root mass was observed at concentrations of indolebutyric acid of 100 and 200 mg / kg of clay – 1168–1189 %, respectively. Aboveground phytomass was the largest (777 %) at a concentration 100 mg / kg of clay. It is established that the optimal concentration for plant ontogenesis is the indolebutyric acid at the ratio of 100 mg / kg of clay in both model and field experiments.

PERBANYAKAN TANAMAN HIAS AIR TAWAR Alternanthera reinickii DAN Ludwigia sp SECARA IN VITRO GUNA MENDUKUNG AQUASCAPE

Water plants are the hydrophytic plants that occupy the highest ecology in aquatic environments. 
 Alternanthera reinickii and Ludwigia sp are freshwater ornamental plants that are in great deman d of 
 aquascape lovers market. Plant tissue culture is a technique to grow the growing parts of plants, 
 either in the form of cells, tissues or organs in aseptic conditions in vitro. The study was conducted on 
 15 January to 15 April 2018, at the Center for Biotechnology Research and Bogor Agricultural 
 Genetic Resources. This research is done by using experiment method in laboratory. From the results 
 of research on ornamental plants Alternanthera reinickii data obtained on the leaf paremeter giving 
 regeneration substances grow the type of BAP with a concentration of 0.3 ml / l capable of producing 
 the largest number of leaves. In shoot height parameters obtained the highest results using Kinetin 
 treatment concentration 0.1 ml / l. In the parameter of shoot num ber of growth regulator substances 
 BAP concentration of 0.5 ml / l resulted in the largest number of shoots. In the parameter of the root 
 number of BAP treatment with the concentration of 0.3 ml / l shows the largest number of roots. In 
 contrast to the ornamental plant Ludwigia sp BAP treatment of 0.1 ml / l concentration is able to 
 produce the highest number of leaves In the parameters of shoot BAP treatment at low concentrations 
 of 0.1 ml / l. on the parameters of BAP treatment buds concentration of 0.3 m l / l resulted in the 
 largest number of shoots. In the parameter of the root number of BAP treatme nt, the concentration of 
 0.1 ml/l showed the highest number of roots.
 Keywords: Alternanthera reinickii, Ludwigia sp, Tissue culture, BAP, Kinetin

Influence fractions of the planting materialon the yeild of garlic winter

The influence of different fractions of planting material (large, medium and small) and the density of standing plants on the yield capacity of garlic bulbs has been studied. It has been found out that the highest average yield capacity is formed from the large fractions of cloves at a lower density. A large fraction of planting material of the cloves forms a larger number of roots. The density of standing plants is less influential than the size of the fraction. Key words: winter garlic, fraction of planting material, plant stand density, yield capacity, number of roots.

Local Dynamics of a Model of an Opto-Electronic Oscillator with Delay

We consider the dynamics of an electro-optic oscillator described by a system of differential equations with delay. An essential feature of this model is that one of the derivatives is multiplied by a small parameter, which allows us to draw conclusions about the action of processes with rates of different orders. The local dynamics of a singularly perturbed system near a zero steady state is analyzed. When values of the parameters are close to critical, the characteristic equation of the linearized problem has an asymptotically large number of roots with close-to-zero real parts. The bifurcations taking place in the system are studied by constructing special normalized equations for slow amplitudes, which describe the behavior of close-to-zero solutions of the initial problem. An important feature of these equations is that they do not depend on the small parameter. The structure of roots of the characteristic equation and the order of supercriticality determine the normal form, which can be represented by a partial differential equation. The “fast” time, for which periodicity conditions are fulfilled, acts as a “spatial” variable. The high sensitivity of dynamic properties of normalized equations to the change of a small parameter is noted, which is a sign of a possible unlimited process of direct and inverse bifurcations. Also, the obtained equations exhibit multistability of solutions.

English

A simple and efficient plant regeneration system via direct organogenesis was established in finger millet using in vitro derived shoot apical meristems. Six varieties; GBK-043128, GBK-043094, GBK-043050, GBK-043137, GBK-043122 and GBK-043124 were evaluated. MS medium was used for cotyledonary germination. Maximum number of shoots (84.33%) was observed in variety GBK-043128 while GBK-043094 had the least germination efficiency (62. 67%). Shoot apical meristems from three-day old seedlings were evaluated for their potency of shoot induction on varied 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations. Highest shoot induction was observed in medium supplemented with 1.75 mg/l BAP in GBK-043050 (3.00) whereas GBK-043094 (1.28) had the least response in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. To induce rooting, in vitro regenerated plants cultured on MS medium was supplemented with different concentrations of indole-3- acetic acid. The highest response in root induction, with a larger number of roots (10.28), was observed in MS medium supplemented with 4.0 µM IAA. Statistical analysis indicated that plant regeneration response varied greatly among the varieties. In vitro germinated plants were successfully transferred to the greenhouse after hardening, with 300 shoots developing into fertile plants, which were indistinguishable with wild type plants. This plant regeneration system has potential for production of transgenic finger millet crops. Key words: Direct organogenesis, finger millet, root induction, shoot apical meristems.