Large Number Of Players Research Articles

Correlated Equilibria in Large Anonymous Bayesian Games

We consider multipopulation Bayesian games with a large number of players. Each player aims at minimizing a cost function that depends on this player’s own action, the distribution of players’ actions in all populations, and an unknown state parameter. We study the nonatomic limit versions of these games and introduce the concept of Bayes correlated Wardrop equilibrium, which extends the concept of Bayes correlated equilibrium to nonatomic games. We prove that Bayes correlated Wardrop equilibria are limits of action flows induced by Bayes correlated equilibria of the game with a large finite set of small players. For nonatomic games with complete information admitting a convex potential, we prove that the set of correlated and of coarse correlated Wardrop equilibria coincide with the set of probability distributions over Wardrop equilibria and that all equilibrium outcomes have the same costs. We get the following consequences. First, all flow distributions of (coarse) correlated equilibria in convex potential games with finitely many players converge to mixtures of Wardrop equilibria when the weight of each player tends to zero. Second, for any sequence of flows satisfying a no-regret property, its empirical distribution converges to the set of distributions over Wardrop equilibria, and the average cost converges to the unique Wardrop cost. Funding: This work was partially supported by European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action 16228 GAMENET. F. Koessler acknowledges the support of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant StratCom ANR-19-CE26-0010-01]. M. Scarsini acknowledges the support of the Gruppo Nazionale per l’Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni project [Grant CUP_E53C22001930001], the Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale [Grant 2022EKNE5K], and the European Union-Next Generation EU, component M4C2, investment 1.1 (Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Progetti di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza) [Grant P2022XT8C8]. T. Tomala gratefully acknowledges the support of the HEC foundation and Agence Nationale de la Recherche/Investissements d’Avenir [Grant ANR-11-IDEX-0003/Labex Ecodec/ANR-11-LABX-0047].

SYSTEM OF TRAINING CONTROL ELEMENTS IN TEAM SPORTS GAMES BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH

Introduction. The formation of a system of control elements in team sports based on modern trends in training and competitive activities and the specific conditions of the players in the team will allow to increase the effectiveness of control and further correction of the training process and competitive activities, taking into account the tasks of the stages of the multi-year training of athletes who specialize in game sports. Therefore, this direction of research is relevant. The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate the system of control elements in team sports games based on the analysis of modern trends in the theory of sports games, features of competitive activity, monitoring of managerial actions of coaches regarding the implementation of control in the practice of training athletes in game sports. Material and methods: analysis of special, scientific and methodical literature, survey, pedagogical observation, generalization of practical experience of trainers, system method. Results. Our proposed system of elements of monitoring the readiness of athletes who specialize in team sports differs from its predecessors in that at each stage of multi-year training the means of control have distinctive features, contain group and team tasks, which are based on consideration of the object of control, such as "sum", when each test participant performs the same task and as "synergy", when each player has his own task for the overall result. In our opinion, this approach will allow coaches to save time on various control measures with a large number of players in teams, as well as increase the motivational significance of control results for each player as a member of a team – a single system. Conclusions. The elements of a hierarchical system of knowledge about control elements at the levels of a player, a group of players, a team, which are different in comparison with the general theory of sports and in comparison with individual sports, are defined. In the course of the study, the variants of the object of control of the sides of the athletes’ preparation in team sports games were scientifically substantiated.

Effects of Two Different Low-Volume Resistance Training Programs Applied During the Off-Season Period on the Speed-Power Performance of Elite Youth Soccer Players.

Loturco, I, Nunes, RFH, Lampert, RR, Silva, RLP, Hespanhol, JE, Novack, LF, Conde, JHS, Pereira, LA, and McGuigan, MR. Effects of two different low-volume resistance training programs applied during the off-season period on the speed-power performance of elite youth soccer players. . J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 571-576, 2024-The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the speed-power performance of elite youth soccer players submitted to 2 different low-volume resistance training programs during the off-season period. Twenty under-17 players were randomly allocated to "traditional nonballistic" or "ballistic training" groups. Countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprinting speed, and half-squat (HS) power tests were performed after the final match of the season (pretesting session) and at the beginning of the subsequent season (post-testing session), after 4 weeks of detraining. Between-group differences were assessed using a 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by the Tukey's post hoc test. Performance variations were individually analyzed with the use of the "true changes" calculation. At post-tests, CMJ height and HS power remained unchanged ( p > 0.05) but similar and significant improvements in sprint speed were observed in both groups ( p < 0.05). However, notably, a larger number of players in the ballistic group exhibited "true changes" in HS power (i.e., 55 vs. 33%, compared with the traditional group, respectively). In conclusion, either low-volume ballistic or traditional resistance training schemes were able to increase sprint speed and maintain power output during a short interseason break in youth soccer players. Despite this apparent similarity, at the individual level, ballistic movements were more efficient at improving lower-body power. Practitioners can use the strategies described here to improve the sprint and power performance of soccer players during short periods of soccer-specific training cessation.

Design and Implementation of Puzzle Adventure Game Based on Unity

With the progress of Gaming industry, the classic genre Puzzle adventure games, due to their friendly difficulty level, low learning curve, and interesting game mechanics, have been favored by a large number of players. This paper follows the guiding principles of software engineering and game development, designs and implements an adventure puzzle game using the Unity game engine. The game design is carried out through multiple aspects such as game art style, plot, sound effects, and game puzzles to provide players with an interesting gameplay experience. For the implementation part of the game, various plugins and functions of the Unity engine are integrated to complete the development of the game system, such as using Unitys navigation system to bake navigation meshes and implement automatic pathfinding for game characters. The animation state machine is used to arrange and control game character animations, and the Unity event system is used to implement click-based interactive functions in the game. At the same time, optimization was carried out based on the test results, improving the experience of user interface and the stability of game program, further enhancing the players gameplay experience. Finally, players can experience thrilling adventure in a mysterious world, and achieve a sense of accomplishment by solving puzzles and overcoming obstacles.

Multi-Party Secured Collaboration Architecture from Cloud to Edge

ABSTRACT Distributed Federated Collaboration Secured Services is a proposed novel secure distributed Unified Communication and Collaboration (UCC) reference architecture planned for multi-environment ecosystems (including hybrid cloud, edge computing for IoT and real-time usages, and portable scenarios). DFCS-RA encourages new businesses and models, connecting people, “things,” and processes in secured and sensitive workloads, supporting efficient and cost-effective enhancements to traditional UCC (mostly centralized/monolithic services) tailored for different vertical markets having varying requirements. It provides a novel secure multi-environment communication and collaboration technology and services between large numbers of players. Key security concepts developed are secure separation, federation, and collaboration. The cryptographic architecture extends the Signal messenger security and encryption architecture. DFCS-RA comprises a toolbox for security modeling, a set of security design principles, and a set of security functions and mechanisms to implement controls to achieve stated security objectives. It was tested in diverse use cases; and found suitable, secure, and reliable.

The One-Way Communication Complexity of Submodular Maximization with Applications to Streaming and Robustness

We consider the classical problem of maximizing a monotone submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint, which, due to its numerous applications, has recently been studied in various computational models. We consider a clean multiplayer model that lies between the offline and streaming model, and study it under the aspect of one-way communication complexity. Our model captures the streaming setting (by considering a large number of players), and, in addition, two-player approximation results for it translate into the robust setting. We present tight one-way communication complexity results for our model, which, due to the connections mentioned previously, have multiple implications in the data stream and robust setting. Even for just two players, a prior information-theoretic hardness result implies that no approximation factor above 1/2 can be achieved in our model, if only queries to feasible sets (i.e., sets respecting the cardinality constraint) are allowed. We show that the possibility of querying infeasible sets can actually be exploited to beat this bound, by presenting a tight 2/3-approximation taking exponential time, and an efficient 0.514-approximation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example where querying a submodular function on infeasible sets leads to provably better results. Through the link to the (non-streaming) robust setting mentioned previously, both of these algorithms improve on the current state of the art for robust submodular maximization, showing that approximation factors beyond 1/2 are possible. Moreover, exploiting the link of our model to streaming, we settle the approximability for streaming algorithms by presenting a tight 1/2+ɛ hardness result, based on the construction of a new family of coverage functions. This improves on a prior 0.586 hardness and matches, up to an arbitrarily small margin, the best-known approximation algorithm.

Efisiensi Kerajinan Mebel di Pulau Giliraja Dalam Mengembangkan Kreativitas Bagi Masyarakat di Desa Banmaling Kecamatan Giligenting

The furniture industry in Indonesia is highly competitive, with many local and international companies operating within it. This intense competition is caused by several factors such as a large number of players in the market, similar products, and constantly changing consumer demand. To compete in this competitive market, furniture businesses must be able to develop effective marketing strategies. Overall, the furniture industry in Banmaling experienced a decline from 2019 to 2022. Therefore, a measurement of business efficiency was carried out to identify the factors causing the decline in business performance. This is aimed at determining policies and steps to improve business performance. The aim of this research is to explore the community development through furniture craft in Banmaling Village, Giligenting District. This research employs a qualitative research method with data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the technical efficiency level of furniture businesses in Banmaling in 2022. From the research and discussion, it can be concluded that 38.70% of furniture businesses in Banmaling have been efficient, while 61.3% have not been efficient with an average technical efficiency value of 68.69. Therefore, mentoring from the government, universities, and other relevant institutions is needed to improve furniture businesses in Serenan by providing additional capital and training in production management, human resources, finance, marketing, and other areas. This is expected to improve its technical efficiency level.

Dynamic Games with Strategic Complements and Large Number of Players

We study dynamic games with strategic complements where each player is modeled by a scalar flow dynamical system with a controlled input and an uncontrolled output. The model originates in inventory control problems with shared set-up costs and a large number of players. An activation cost is shared among active players, namely players who control their dynamics at a given time. As a main contribution, we prove that two-threshold strategies, like the (s, S) strategies used in inventory control, are mean-field equilibrium strategies in dynamic games with a large number of players. Furthermore, we provide conditions for the convergence of the nonstationary mean-field equilibrium to the stationary one in the limit.

Сollaborative Content Creation by Both Editorial Staff and Readers in Media Community in the Internet as Communicative Technique

The modern media environment is characterized by a large number of players, leading to high competition on social media, which is the main platform for mass communication. In such conditions, the search for communicative techniques and technologies becomes urgent as they can provide media communities with a competitive edge. Thus, the publication of unique content can become one of the effective methods of improving competitiveness. At the same time, we can notice difficulties with creating such content in modern conditions. Collaborative content production with both readers and editorial staff can become a solution. The article analyzes the experiences of media groups “Our Chelyabinsk” and media holding 74.ru for this purpose. Moreover, the article describes two resources of unique content: user­generated content (UGC) and commenting on posts, as well as communicative techniques to stimulate commenting. Using these communicative techniques can increase media community traffic, raise the number of followers, and improve the competitiveness of media communities.

On the Application of the SCD Semismooth* Newton Method to Variational Inequalities of the Second Kind

The paper starts with a description of SCD (subspace containing derivative) mappings and the SCD Newton method for the solution of general inclusions. This method is then applied to a class of variational inequalities of the second kind. As a result, one obtains an implementable algorithm which exhibits locally superlinear convergence. Thereafter we suggest several globally convergent hybrid algorithms in which one combines the SCD Newton method with selected splitting algorithms for the solution of monotone variational inequalities. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of one of these methods via a Cournot-Nash equilibrium, modeled as a variational inequality of the second kind, where one admits really large numbers of players (firms) and produced commodities.

Convergence of Large Population Games to Mean Field Games with Interaction Through the Controls

This work considers stochastic differential games with a large number of players, whose costs and dynamics interact through the empirical distribution of both their states and their controls. We develop a new framework to prove convergence of finite-player games to the asymptotic mean field game. Our approach is based on the concept of propagation of chaos for forward and backward weakly interacting particles which we investigate by stochastic analysis methods, and which appear to be of independent interest. These propagation of chaos arguments allow us to derive moment and concentration bounds for the convergence of Nash equilibria.

AGRICULTURAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Agricultural Supply Chain Management has become a topic of much deliberation among the researchers, for it has slowly strengthened its hold on how the supply-demand function of agricultural produce works in the modern setting. SCM entails managing the interactions between the entities in charge of the effective production and supply of agribusiness products from the farm to the consumer in order to consistently satisfy consumer demands for quantity, quality, and price. In actuality, this frequently involves overseeing both horizontal and vertical alliances. Traditionally, the agricultural business has been driven in a colloquial fashion by the wholesalers and they have done so without the supervision of a proper legal framework. The large number of players and long-standing traditional methods have had a negative impact on the efficiency of operations and have exacerbated the already plunging economy. Through our extensive research using tools like Mendeley Cite, VOS Viewer etc., we came to the conclusion that there’s been a dramatic rise in the importance of SCM due to the rising awareness about the environment, food safety concerns and social security etc. However, just a few farmers participate in actually making a difference especially in third-world countries like India. The backward farmers have negligible faith in marketing agreements and are reluctant to enter into them. The existing system still uses outdated supply and procurement procedures. Aspects like the problems with consumer packaging, branding, and the promotion of organic farming towards sustainable agriculture are lacking in the existing supply chain management. Therefore, it’s necessary to encourage farmers to sign production contracts and that requires the participation of both the public and commercial

The jump shot performance in competitions among youth basketball players aged 13 and 14 in Ho Chi Minh City

Basketball jump shots (JS) are widely regarded as a high-complexity specific motor talent that needs substantial instruction and practice. The goal of this article was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of JS performance among 13 and 14-year-old basketball players in Ho Chi Minh City. The authors employed the scientific methodologies in sports research to develop 06 criteria for measuring JS performance and to identify 07 typical tactics that young basketball players took in games. According to the assessment results, their JS performance was 1.08% on average. Notably, the second and sixth tactics had the highest JS efficiency (1.6%), while the fifth had the lowest (0.59%). More notably, the findings suggested that the JS performance of youth basketball players was highly related to their competition outcomes. It indicated that school teams with a large number of players with good JS abilities were more likely to get high scores, whereas teams with only a few competent JS-skilled players appeared to perform poorly.

A probabilistic numerical method for a class of mean field games

The Mean Field Games PDEs system is at the heart of the Mean Field Games theory initiated by [J.-M. Lasry and P.-L. Lions, Jeux à champ moyen. I–le cas stationnaire, C. R. Math. 343 (2006) 619–625; J.-M. Lasry and P.-L. Lions, Jeux à champ moyen. II–horizon fini et contrôle optimal, C. R. Math. 343 (2006) 679–684; J.-M. Lasry and P.-L. Lions, Mean field games, Jpn. J. Math. 2 (2007) 229–260] which constitutes a seminal contribution to the modeling and analysis of games with a large number of players. We propose here a numerical method of resolution of such systems based on the construction of a discrete mean field game where the controlled state-variable is a Markov chain approximating the controlled stochastic differential equation [H. Kushner and P. G. Dupuis, Numerical Methods for Stochastic Control Problems in Continuous Time, Stochastic Modeling and Applied Probability, Vol. 24 (Springer Science &amp; Business Media, 2013)]. In particular, existence and uniqueness properties of the discrete MFG are investigated with convergence results under adequate assumptions.

Study of potential games using Ising interaction

Problems can be handled properly in game theory as long as a countable number of players are considered, whereas, in real life, we have a large number of players. Hence, games at the thermodynamic limit are analyzed in general. There is a one-to-one correspondence between classical games and the modeled Hamiltonian at a particular equilibrium condition, usually the Nash equilibrium. Such a correspondence is arrived for symmetric games, namely the Prisoner’s Dilemma using the Ising Hamiltonian. In this work, we have shown that another class of games known as potential games can be analyzed with the Ising Hamiltonian. Analysis of this work brings out very close observation with real-world scenarios. In other words, the model of a potential game studied using Ising Hamiltonian predicts behavioral aspects of a large population precisely.

Generating Empirical Core Size Distributions of Hedonic Games Using a Monte Carlo Method

Hedonic games have gained popularity over the last two decades, leading to several research articles that have used analytical methods to understand their properties better. In this paper, a Monte Carlo method, a numerical approach, is used instead. Our method includes a technique for representing, and generating, random hedonic games. We were able to create and solve, using core stability, millions of hedonic games with up to 16 players. Empirical distributions of the hedonic games’ core sizes were generated, using our results, and analyzed for games of up to 13 players. Results from games of 14–16 players were used to validate our research findings. Our results indicate that core partition size might follow the gamma distribution for games with a large number of players.

Large Games: Robustness and Stability

This review focuses on properties related to the robustness and stability of Nash equilibria in games with a large number of players. Somewhat surprisingly, these equilibria become substantially more robust and stable as the number of players increases. We illustrate the relevant phenomena through a binary-action game with strategic substitutes, framed as a game of social isolation in a pandemic environment.

Pure Nash Equilibria and Best-Response Dynamics in Random Games

In finite games, mixed Nash equilibria always exist, but pure equilibria may fail to exist. To assess the relevance of this nonexistence, we consider games where the payoffs are drawn at random. In particular, we focus on games where a large number of players can each choose one of two possible strategies and the payoffs are independent and identically distributed with the possibility of ties. We provide asymptotic results about the random number of pure Nash equilibria, such as fast growth and a central limit theorem, with bounds for the approximation error. Moreover, by using a new link between percolation models and game theory, we describe in detail the geometry of pure Nash equilibria and show that, when the probability of ties is small, a best-response dynamics reaches a pure Nash equilibrium with a probability that quickly approaches one as the number of players grows. We show that various phase transitions depend only on a single parameter of the model, that is, the probability of having ties.

Mean Field Equilibrium: Uniqueness, Existence, and Comparative Statics

The Uniqueness of a Mean Field Equilibrium

On techniques of expert systems on the example of the Akinator program

On the example of the online game Akinator, the basic principles on which programs of this type are built are considered. Effective technics have been proposed by which artificial intelligence systems can build logical inferences that allow to identify an unknown subject from its description (predicate). To confirm the considered hypotheses, the terminological analysis of definition of the program "Akinator" offered by the author is carried out. Starting from the assumptions given by the author's definition, the article complements their definitions presented by other researchers and analyzes their constituent theses. Finally, some proposals are made for the next steps in improving the program. The Akinator program, at one time, became one of the most famous online games using artificial intelligence. And although this was not directly stated, it was clear to the experts in the field of artificial intelligence that the program uses the techniques of expert systems and is built on inference rules. At the moment, expert systems have lost their positions in comparison with the direction of neural networks in the field of artificial intelligence, however, in the case considered in the article, we are talking about techniques using both directions – hybrid systems. Games for filling semantics interact with the user, expanding their semantic base (knowledge base) and use certain strategies to achieve the best result. The playful form of such semantics filling programs is beneficial for researchers by involving a large number of players. The article examines the techniques used by the Akinator program, and also suggests possible modifications to it in the future. This study, first of all, focuses on how the knowledge base of the Akinator program is built, it consists of incomplete sets, which can be filled and adjusted as a result of further iterations of the program launches. It is important to note our assumption that the order of questions used by the program during the game plays a key role, because it determines its strategy. It was identified that the program is guided by the principles of nonmonotonic logic – the assumptions constructed by the program are not final and can be rejected by it during the game. The three main approaches to acquisite semantics proposed by Jakub Šimko and Mária Bieliková are considered, namely, expert work, crowdsourcing and machine learning. Paying attention to machine learning, the Akinator program using machine learning to build an effective strategy in the game presents a class of hybrid systems that combine the principles of two main areas in artificial intelligence programs – expert systems and neural networks.