Theory Of Language Research Articles

Augmented reality marketing and consumer‒brand relationships: How closeness drives brand love

AbstractMarketers use augmented reality (AR) to place virtual brand‐related information into a consumer's physical context. Grounded in the literature on AR, brand love, metaphor theory, and closeness as interpreted by the neural theory of language, the authors theorize that branded AR content can reduce the perceived physical, spatial distance between a consumer and a brand. This perceived closeness subsequently drives the closeness of the emotional relationship in the form of brand love. Two empirical studies validate this framework. Study 1 shows that using an AR app (vs. non‐AR) increases the perceived physical closeness of the brand, which in turn drives brand love (i.e., relationship closeness). Study 2 replicates this finding in a pre‐/post‐use design. Here, high levels of local presence (i.e., the extent to which consumers perceive a brand as actually being present in their physical environment) drive perceived physical closeness, which leads to brand love. We also find that AR's power to generate brand love increases when the consumer is already familiar with the brand. We discuss managerial implications for AR marketing today and in a metaverse future in which AR content might be prevalent in consumers' everyday perceptions of the real world.

The role of visual imagery in story reading: Evidence from aphantasia

Aphantasia is a condition in which people are unable to experience visual imagery. Since visual imagery is thought to be key to language processing, we hypothesized the experience of a story would differ between individuals with aphantasia and controls. Forty-seven individuals with aphantasia were compared to fifty-one matched controls on their experience of reading a short story and their general reading habits. Aphantasics were less likely to be engaged with, interested in, and absorbed in the story, and experienced reduced emotional engagement with and sympathy for the story characters, compared to controls. Yet, aphantasics and controls did not differ in how much they liked or appreciated the story, and in general, the reading habits of the two groups also did not differ. Results have implications for embodied theories of language, suggesting visual imagery may influence how a story is experienced, but it is not the only route to story enjoyment.

Examining linguistic and discourse features in oral text production and their dimensionality

Examining the dimensionality of oral discourse language skills in early childhood is crucial in informing theories of language and literacy development. This study examined the factor structure of linguistic and discourse features in oral text production for second graders. A total of 330 English-speaking second graders ( Mage = 7.33, 53% boys, 55% White) described three pictures in two discourse conditions. Children’s picture descriptions were transcribed verbatim and coded for a total of nine linguistic (e.g. elaborated noun phrase, clausal density) and discourse features (e.g. proper character introduction, perspective taking). Results from confirmatory factor analysis showed that a two-factor structure consisting of linguistic and discourse features factors provided the best fit to the data. Findings suggested that various linguistic and discourse features in oral text production can be best described as having two related but distinct factors.

Penggunaan Bahasa Jurnalistik pada Naskah Berita (Analisis Wacana Naskah Berita Kesehatan Bulletin RRI Pro1 Bengkulu Periode Bulan September 2023)

The use of language in making news is called journalistic language, namely language that is easy to understand and not complicated. One of the mass media that presents news is radio, until now Radio Republik Indonesia still exists as a government-owned public broadcasting institution. The news presented on radio is fleeting news, it cannot be played back, so the language used in making radio news must comply with journalistic language rules. The aim of this research is to determine the language used in Bulletin news presented by RRI Pro 1 Bengkulu and to analyze the extent to which the language used is in accordance with objective journalistic rules and can be well understood by listeners. The formulation of the problem raised is how journalistic language is used in health news presented in the RRI Pro 1 Bengkulu Bulletin. This research uses a qualitative approach with discourse analysis methods and uses theories of journalistic language and news. The results of this research are that the language used in the RRI Bengkulu Bulletin Pro1 health news script is guided by the rules of journalistic language writing and EYD, however in the health news script there are still several errors in word usage such as (1) Using abbreviations that are rarely heard by listeners. (2) There are non-standard words (3) Waste of words (4) Use of terms.

Semantic Montage: Cognitive Insights for Understanding Film Language in Chinese Context

The article uses Semantic Montage, a cognitive linguist source cited from the idea of montage in film theory, to examine the issue of metaphor in the study of film language in the Chinese context. The researchers created a model for studying film language theory terms, film titles, and film dialogue by combining Semantic Montage and Context. This model addresses an object of study that is distinct from traditional approaches to the study of film language that ignore the issue of metaphor in the field of film studies. The conclusions were as follows: 1.Validate inconsistencies in the Chinese translation of key terms in Christian Metz's film semiotic theory; 2. The model verifies translation errors in film titles; 3. There are three types of semantic montage in the dialogue of contemporary Chinese cinema, all of which need to be analysed in context, not just on a literal level.

Gender-Based Linguistic Patterns in Quora Apps: A Comparative Study

There is a wide variety of interrelated social media platforms. Gender orientation can affect preferences for language use in particular social media, especially Quora, which is famous as a medium for collecting questions and answers on specific topics. Breaking new ground, this study uniquely juxtaposes gender orientation with linguistic preferences on Quora, an unexplored research area. This content analysis design employed textual data posted by Quora users in the "Skilled English Writing" forum during January-March 2023. Following Lakoff's gendered language theory, women frequently employ hedges to indicate uncertainty, whereas men use boosters to express confidence. The language of women was characterized by greater formality and formal grammar, whereas men favored informal abbreviations. In addition, women utilized emoticons for emphasis more frequently than males. These linguistic differences result from complex social, cultural, biological, and psychological effects, underscoring the importance of gender and social factors in language formation.

Concrete constructions or messy mangroves? How modelling contextual effects on constructional alternations reflect theoretical assumptions of language structure

Abstract Depending on the theory of language employed, the paradigmatic and lexical variation associated with a given composite form-meaning pair is treated in different ways. First, variation can be treated as independent of the constructional semantics, an approach typical of modular theories. Second, paradigmatic variation can be considered indicative of constructional semantics; its variation constituting networks of closely related families of constructions. This is a common approach in construction grammar. Third, there exists a trend in cognitive linguistics and construction grammar to treat grammatical constructions as non-discrete emergent clusters of many-to-many form-meaning mappings. This study explores the possibility of extending current methods for quantitatively modelling construction grammar to an approach that does not assume discrete grammatical constructions. The speaker choice examined consists of the English future constructions will and BE going to and their use in contemporary informal British English. The constructions are examined with the behavioural profile approach. Three different regression modelling methods are applied to the grammatical alternations, each operationalizing one of the theoretical assumptions. While the results show that all three approaches are feasible and comparable in predictive accuracy, model interpretation becomes increasingly difficult with added complexity.

Topologies for Finite Words: Compatibility with the Cantor Topology

Infinite words are often considered as limits of finite words. As topological methods have been proved to be useful in the theory of ω-languages it seems to be providing to include finite and infinite words into one (topological) space. In most cases this results in a poor topological structure induced on the subspace of finite words. In the present paper we investigate the possibility to link topologies in the space of finite words with a topology in the space of infinite words via a natural mapping. A requirement in this linking of topologies consists in the compatibility of the topological properties (openness, closedness etc.) of images with preimages and vice versa. Here, we show that choosing for infinite words the natural topology of the CANTOR space and the δ-limit as linking mapping there are several natural topologies on the space of finite words compatible with the topology of the CANTOR space. It is interesting to observe that besides the well-known prefix topology there are at least two more whose origin is from language theory – centers and supercenters of languages. We show that several of these topologies on the space of finite words fit into a class of ℒ-topologies and exhibit their special properties w.r.t. to the compatibility with the CANTOR topology.

Theories of language in the middle ages

Theories of language in the middle ages

Linguistic means of expressing communicative strategies in non-cooperative discourse (based on the material of English-language talk shows

Every year there is a rapid development of the media sphere, including its visual and discursive component, which contributes to the development of the "digital language" and the "language of television", the parallel development of YouTube journalism as a media phenomenon, which are evolving along with all the ongoing processes. Any language is susceptible to this, especially English, which is the most widespread and popular in the world. The study of linguistic issues of the language of television shows, the language of talk shows in line with the anthropological paradigm of modern linguistics in its broadest sense (issues of the functioning of language in various types of discourse, journalism and PR, media linguistics and political linguistics) and its central concepts such as the manipulative influence of language, linguistic personality, pragmalinguistics of language and text as part of it are an integral part of both the theory of language and the linguodidactic component of foreign language teaching (English as a foreign language). Taking into account the current conflicting political situation in the world, aggravated political and armed conflicts, the study of non-cooperative discourse in the media of English-language talk shows is certainly of scientific novelty. The main content of the research is concentrated around the analysis of the concepts of "non-cooperative discourse", "PR-discourse" from a linguistic point of view. Media linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, the method of multimodal text analysis, etc. are used as research methods. Results suggest that the concept of non-cooperative discourse is revealed (based on the material of English-language talk shows). Even so, the present study concludes that the approach is worthwhile and promising for further research.

The Limitations of Large Language Models for Understanding Human Language and Cognition.

Researchers have recently argued that the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can provide new insights into longstanding debates about the role of learning and/or innateness in the development and evolution of human language. Here, we argue on two grounds that LLMs alone tell us very little about human language and cognition in terms of acquisition and evolution. First, any similarities between human language and the output of LLMs are purely functional. Borrowing the "four questions" framework from ethology, we argue that what LLMs do is superficially similar, but how they do it is not. In contrast to the rich multimodal data humans leverage in interactive language learning, LLMs rely on immersive exposure to vastly greater quantities of unimodal text data, with recent multimodal efforts built upon mappings between images and text. Second, turning to functional similarities between human language and LLM output, we show that human linguistic behavior is much broader. LLMs were designed to imitate the very specific behavior of human writing; while they do this impressively, the underlying mechanisms of these models limit their capacities for meaning and naturalistic interaction, and their potential for dealing with the diversity in human language. We conclude by emphasising that LLMs are not theories of language, but tools that may be used to study language, and that can only be effectively applied with specific hypotheses to motivate research.

A new approach for counting patterns in language theory, matchings, and set partitions.

A new approach for counting patterns in language theory, matchings, and set partitions.

«ПАРАДОКС ИНДОКТРИНАЦИИ» И ОПЫТ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ТЕКСТОВ Л. ВИТГЕНШТЕЙНА

Based on a comprehensive analysis of the discussion about indoctrination in the English-language philosophy of education, the author identifies main forms of involving the theoretical concepts of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophy into it. The theoretical basis of the study was the idea of the need to search for the foundations of pedagogical ideas and ideas in philosophical discourse. The author sees the pivot of today’s ongoing discussion in the “paradox of indoctrination” formulated by C. Macmillan, which points to the contradiction between the need for uncritical acquisition of the principles of rational cognition and the requirement to substantiate beliefs rationally. Macmillan’s argument, based on a reference to L. Wittgenstein’s texts, allows us to see how the language theory is adapted to solve a pedagogical problem. In his later texts, Wittgenstein insists on a special logical role of absolutely reliable judgments, which cannot be evaluated as true or false, and serve as the basis for subsequent participation in language games. Their initial acquisition is accomplished by training and carries all the formal signs of indoctrination. The author of the article draws attention to the inconsistency of the formulation of the paradox of indoctrination with Wittgenstein’s key point on the inapplicability of the practice of rational substantiation to absolutely reliable statements. It is also argued that the logical impossibility of substantiating basic statements of the language cannot be the basis for the legitimation of indoctrination in education. Attention is focused on the key point for the philosophical and pedagogical analysis of Wittgenstein's texts – the obligatory unification of initial language acquisition and logical later participation in language games in a single process of human education. In conclusion, the author defines the prospects for discussing the problem of indoctrination, pointing out the possibility of interpreting interaction with culturally significant objects as having the least educational potential.

A Givónian perspective on the relation of verbal and non-verbal person suffixes in Hungarian

Our point of departure is Givón’s (2017) hypothesis that the sources of the affixes of pronominal agreement in person and number are the corresponding independent pronouns, and depending on whether the given type of agreement is diachronically young or old in a language, the etymological link to independent pronouns is highly transparent or rather tenuous. We claim, first, that the Nilo-Saharan Luo language serves as a better illustration of the ‘diachronically young’ type than Givón’s (1976, 2017) own poster-child examples. Hungarian, however, belongs to the ‘diachronically old’ type. Nevertheless, the synchronic system of Hungarian can be claimed to preserve the distinguished role of the pronominal basis in a strange but surprisingly regular way. We also illustrate two promising directions of future research concerning the expansion of the basic, personal-pronoun related, agreement markers. Their widespread proliferation in the morphology of several categories in all Uralic languages is itself obviously worth systematic comparative descriptive research, in the background of which it promises high-level explanatory adequacy to apply the morphosyntactic theory of person-hierarchy sensitive languages, especially to the analysis of such puzzling expressions as, for instance, engem ‘me’ (literally, ‘my-me’).

НАВЧАННЯ НАУКОВОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ У СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ З ПОЗИЦІЙ ЖАНРОВОГО ПІДХОДУ

Background. In the last decade, the focus has been on improving science communication when presenting research results or teaching specific topics in school and university programs through student participation. A genre-based approach has been employed in both oral and written forms. In the context of educational reforms in Ukraine, secondary schools are actively adopting innovative teaching methodologies to provide students with a comprehensive scientific education. Undoubtedly, these advancements call for improvements in students' science communication skills. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the outcomes of integrating science communication training in the genre of scientific presentation as part of the curriculum in high specialised schools and universities. The framework suggests employing Ukrainian language instruction based on a genre approach using a model developed by the authors. Method. The study was conducted based on the methodological principles outlined by Norman Wallen and Jack Fraenkel (2013). The empirical phase took place from January to April 2024, involving two 10th-grade students at Specialized School 277 of Kyiv. A total of 17 learners voluntarily participated in the experimental training. Additionally, 14 fourth-year bachelor's students from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, specialising in "Theory and Methodology of Teaching Ukrainian and Foreign Languages and Literature in Secondary School," participated in a final survey. The survey was conducted with the consent of the school and university students and did not impact their grades in any subjects. It was carried out in classrooms to mitigate external influences on the results. Results and discussion. The instructional methodology for enhancing students' science communication skills is implemented in four stages: 1) acquainting students with the features of scientific language style of in Ukrainian and the genre of scientific reporting as well as facilitating mastery of scientific terminology, phraseology, and metaphors; 2) providing guidance for the preparation of a scientific report in oral and written forms; 3) analysis of procedural, linguistic, and textual characteristics of science communication; 4) engaging students in a collective presentation and discussion of a scientific report. After the experimental training, roughly 92% of students grasped the structure of scientific reporting, and about 78% acquired scientific vocabulary and the principles of scientific communication. The accuracy in identifying scientific genres approached that of university students, reaching 89% of the total participants. Following the experimental training, approximately 92% of students demonstrated comprehension of the structure of scientific reporting, with around 78% acquiring scientific vocabulary and developing an understanding of the principles of science communication. The accuracy in identifying scientific genres among the participants reached 89%, approaching that of university students.

Herder’s Transformative Account of the Linguistic Being

This paper investigates the relationship between linguistic expression and human reason in Herder’s Treatise on the Origin of Language. I argue that additive theories of human language, which contend that the linguistic capacity is in principle separable from the other cognitive faculties of the linguistic being, cannot be brought into agreement with Herder’s distinctly transformative account of human language and reason. For Herder, the transformation of our sensible faculties through language is required in order to guarantee the unity of human cognition, and hence reason itself is understood as fundamentally linguistic. This positing of a strong unity between language and reason makes Herder an important, if still under-appreciated, precursor of the twentieth-century linguistic turn.

The Use of Figurative Language in Feminist Songs

Songs employ figurative language to convey messages, capturing listeners’ attention with captivating melodies. Listeners generate several interpretations by depending on personal observations to infer intended meanings in different settings. The primary objective of this research is to identify figurative language in Taylor Swift’s feminist songs: ‘The Man,’ ‘long story short,’ and ‘I Did Something Bad.’ The framework applied in this research is based on Perrine’s (1977) theory of figurative language. The data analysis procedure is based on Alan Bryman’s (2012) four phases of analysis. This research demonstrates that feminist principles can be effectively expressed through music, utilising figurative language as a compelling instrument for communicating feminism in musical compositions. Singers can use figurative language to advocate for and reinforce shared feminist beliefs while constructing a bridge of connection and a beautiful symphony. Lyrics enhanced by figurative language, successfully deliver feminist ideals, making them a powerful means for women to empower themselves through listening to feminist music.

Daylong egocentric recordings in small- and large-scale language communities: A practical introduction.

Daylong egocentric (i.e., participant-centered) recordings promise an unprecedented view into the experiences that drive early language learning, impacting both assumptions and theories about how learning happens. Thanks to recent advances in technology, collecting long-form audio, photo, and video recordings with child-worn devices is cheaper and more convenient than ever. These recording methods can be similarly deployed across small- and large-scale language communities around the world, opening up enormous possibilities for comparative research on early language development. However, building new high-quality naturalistic corpora is a massive investment of time and money. In this chapter, we provide a practical look into considerations relevant for developing and managing daylong egocentric recording projects: Is it possible to re-use existing data? How much time will manual annotation take? Can automated tools sufficiently tackle the questions at hand? We conclude by outlining two exciting directions for future naturalistic child language research.

Emotion labor, investment, and volunteer teachers in heritage language education

AbstractStudies informed by poststructuralist theories of language have examined the relationship between language teachers’ emotion labor, identity, and agency. However, research has not yet explored the relationship between emotion labor and volunteer teaching, which is an important practice in language education. Our research seeks to address this gap, drawing on a 2‐year qualitative case study at the community‐based Vancouver Bangla School (VBS). With emotion labor and investment as the conceptual underpinnings, our study investigated how the VBS heritage language (HL) program structured the emotion labor of seven volunteer teachers, what the feeling rules associated with the VBS program were, and the extent to which volunteer teachers’ investment in HL education helped them manage their emotion labor. Data sources included participant classroom observations, field notes, focus group and interview transcripts, questionnaires, and educational resources, which were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings indicate that the emotion labor of volunteer teachers was structured by the following characteristics of the VBS program: lack of funding, poor organizational structure and teacher recognition, challenges of online teaching, insufficient number of teachers, limited parental support, and lack of training. This emotion labor was associated with four feeling rules implicit in the VBS program: (a) be generous and caring, (b) be committed and dedicated, (c) be a good and efficient teacher, and (d) have limited expectations of the community. Findings suggest that teachers’ investment in Bangla as a mother tongue in multicultural Canada, and their investment in promoting the children's transcultural identities, was particularly powerful, and enabled the volunteer teachers to navigate and manage their emotion labor. The study suggests that an enhanced understanding of a language teacher's investment in a program, institution, or community might provide insight into the important relationship among desire, agency, and emotion labor.

A professional blog as a special structural hypertext unit in the space of Internet communications

The purpose of the study is to identify the hypertext features of a professional blog in the space of the Internet environment. The professional type of blog is a separate unit of the Internet environment and is characterized by a hypertext structure within the framework of Internet communication. The article analyzes the main structural and content characteristics of a professional blog from the point of view of the hypertext organization of the Internet environment. The study is based on the material of the English language. The theoretical significance is determined by the fact that the data obtained make it possible to deepen knowledge about such important aspects of modern linguistics as the linguistic nature of electronic hypertext, its structural and substantive aspects. In addition, the study of hypertext features of professional English-language blogs contributes to the development of the theory of speech genres in the context of Internet communication. The practical significance of the research is reflected in the fact that its results can be used in the process of teaching general language theory, the basics of computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmalinguistics, as well as in the development of elective courses on Internet communication. Using the methods of continuous sampling and description, the study analyzed the text units of 3 professional blogs of large foreign companies conducted in English. As a result, it was revealed that the professional type of blog is a hypertext unit of the Internet environment, representing a frame model with periodically updated author's posts, hypertext links, and comments. Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of hypertext, its organization and genre affiliation, there is currently no single and generally recognized typology of hypertext in the context of the professional variety of blogs, its creation is one of the priorities of modern researchers due to the rapid development of blog technologies. The scientific novelty lies in the approach that was taken to study the structural and content features of hypertext in the context of other types of blogs. In this regard, the basic principles of this approach are analyzed, the defining features of a blog are identified, taking into account its professional variety. Special attention was paid to the structure of electronic hypertext: the functional differentiation of hypertext links and ways of organizing links between hypertexts were considered.