Biotechnology Laboratory Research Articles

Changes in phytic acid, polyphenol, free fatty acid content and calorific value in chickpea varieties during storage

The effect of storage periods on quality of chickpea seeds was studied in Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, MGCGVV Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for each variety. The data presented here represent pooled mean of two years. All the sixteen chickpea genotypes were stored at room temperature in different storage materials viz. aluminium container box, polythene bag and cotton bag. The observations were recorded at 0 month or before storage, 6 month and 12 month storage periods. During storage study it was recorded that phytic acid, polyphenol and calorific value decreased with increasing storage time while free fatty acid content increased with increasing storage time. The maximum and the minimum loss of both phytic acid and polyphenol content were recorded in cotton bag and aluminium box, respectively during storage of chickpea seeds. The maximum increase of free fatty acid was recorded in aluminium box and minimum increase was observed in cotton bag during storage. The maximum reduction of calorific value was recorded in polythene bag and minimum reduction was observed in aluminium box during storage of chickpea. Antinutritional factors viz. phytate and polyphenols were found within permissible limit in all the tested chickpea varieties.

Development rate of meristem potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) in vitro under the influence of biologically active product nano silicon

Healthy seed-potato production is possible through certified mini tubers from complete healthy meristem micro plants in a medium which contains all micro and macro nutrients. Addition of nano silicon a biological activity booster, can provoke the growth, development and productivity of plants at specific concentrations. Based on this, a research was carried out during 2020 at the Laboratory of Agricultural Plant Biotechnology of Samara Scientific Research Agricultural Institute, Samara, Russia to study the influence of modifications in Murashige and Skoog medium by adding the biologically active nano silicon product in two concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0 ml/L on the growth and development of potato meristem micro plants of Rainbow and Grand varieties. Forty micro-plants of each variety were grown in a meristem culture with a 16-hour photoperiod for 30 days. The lighting source was fluorescent lamps with the wavelength from 440 nm to 670 nm and illuminance of 5000 lux. The temperature in the growing room was maintained at 22°C during daytime under lighting and 18°C at nighttime. The relative humidity in growing room was 75–80%. There were two cycles of cultivation for each variety. At the close of each growing cycle, the morphological characteristics that show the growth intensity and development of regenerants (the plant length and the number of internodes) were measured. The growth and development of potato regenerants was influenced by modification in Murashige and Skoog medium with the addition of 1.5 ml/L concentration of the biologically active nano silicon. A significant increase was recorded in the length of potato meristem micro plants of both Rainbow and Grand varieties, as well as a significant increase in the number of micro plant internodes of the mid-ripening potato variety Grand.

Perendaman Serat Batang Aren dengan NaOH sebagai Substrat Hidroponik Cabai Merah Besar

NaOH treatment is expected to can increased fiber tensile strength, therefore it is to become stronger and durable as substrate on hydroponic. This research aimed to study the growth and yield responses of chili, also fiber characteristic due to NaOH soaking treatment. This research was conducted on December 2018 to July 2019 at Greenhouse B and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. This method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that consisted of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was NaOH concentration which consists 6 levels; 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The second factor was soaking duration which consists 4 levels; 0, 2, 4 and 8 hours. The results showed that NaOH treatment increased pH, bulk density, particle density and water holding capacity, however it is decreased macro pores on fiber. Treatment of 5% NaOH with 2 hours soaking duration decreased percent of fiber decomposed. Arenga wood fiber soaked on 2 hours duration increased root length. NaOH treatment decreased the number of fruits, weight fruit and weight of dried plant biomass, however treatment of 5% NaOH increased vitamin C content on fruit.

In vitro Shoot Multiplication of Curcuma xanthorrhiza with Coconut Water and Banana Extract Nutrient

Curcuma xanthorrhiza is a medicinal plant, commonly used for spices, growth by rhizome, which is as its main product. Its rhizome demand both quantity and quality are increasing every year. Tissue culture techniques can achieve the efforts for providing plant materials massively in the short-term time with free from pest. In vitro, multiplication is an alternative production method. However, it is still limited by high chemical cost and plant growth regulators. Moreover, various natural materials can be used as a substitute for plant growth regulators, such as coconut water extract and various organic materials. The purpose of this study is to assess the response of Curcuma xanthorrhiza explants with coconut water, and Cavendish bananas extract by in vitro. The experiments conducted in February until May 2016 in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. A completely randomized design was applied with two factors: the first factor was the four concentrations Cavendish banana fruit extract: 0 g/l, 50 g/l, 100 g/l and 150 g/l. The second factor were the 4 concentrations coconut water: 0 ml/l, 100 ml/l, 150 ml/l, and 200 ml/l. The observed variables were the period of shoots to appear, the period of leaves to appear and the period of roots to appear, the number of shots, the number of leaves, the number of roots, the height of shoots, the length of leaves and the length of roots. Observed data analyzed by descriptive and variance analysis continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Research results showed that there were some effects on coconut water and Cavendish banana extract treatment toward the average time of shoots appear, number of shoots, number of leaves and length of leaves. The best treatment for this research is a combination of coconut water at 150 ml/l and 100 g Cavendish banana extract.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from Holothuria atra intestine collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic region in Karimunjawa, Indonesia

Abstract. Sulardiono B, Widyorini N, Suprapto D, Ayuningrum D, Rahman A. 2020. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from Holothuria atra intestine collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic region in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3149-3155. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from the intestine of Holothuria atra is needed in the anthropogenic region of Menjangan Besar, Karimunjawa. The research aims to evaluate antibacterial activity and molecular characterization of bacteria from intestine of Holothuria atra collected from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic regions in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Sea cucumber samples were collected at Menjangan Besar waters as anthropogenic region (code of HM) and Alang-alang waters as non-anthropogenics region (code of HA), Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. The H. atra sample collection was using purposive sampling method. Examination of the bacteria from isolation until molecular characterisation was done at the Tropical Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Uiversitas Diponegoro. The isolation process was conducted using spread plate method, followed by bacterial isolates purification using streak plate method. Screening of antibacterial activity using the agar plug method, as well as molecular identification was conducted by 16S rDNA PCR amplification. The results of this study indicated that a total of 26 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from sea cucumber intestine, consisted of eleven bacterial isolates from H. atra in Menjangan Besar waters and the rest fifteen isolates from H. atra in Alang-alang waters. The preliminary assay of antibacterial test showed H. atra in both waters have potential bacterial isolates. Those bacterial isolates with antibacterial activity were HM1.2 and HA1.1, which based on molecular identification, showed isolates HM1.2 and HA1.1 had the closest similarity with Bacillus paramcoides and Vibrio alginolyticus consecutively, with BLAST homology 98% and 99%. The accession number for both isolates were LC550090 and LC550089, respectively.

Efficiency of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Ethylene Glycol on Subsequent Development of Vitrified Awassi Sheep Embryos

The use of cryoprotectants in vitrification would reduce the critical damages to the embryos, thus increase the survival rates. This research was conducted in the laboratory of reproductive biotechnology at the faculty of Agriculture of Aleppo University. The study aimed to evaluate the viability and survivability of early Syrian Awassi embryos under the influence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) following vitrification. Embryos were vitrified in three solutions of cryoprotectants (A: DMSO (3 ml), B: EG (3 ml), and C which was composed of a combination of DMSO (1.5 ml) and EG (1.5 ml)). After thawing, embryos that had been vitrified in C solution achieved the highest rates of cleavage (P< 0.01) comparing with A and B solutions for 2-16 cell stage (50.00% Vs 30.77% and 36.36%), morula (9.00% Vs 44.44% and 40.00%) and blastocyst stage embryos (92.86% Vs 58.33% and 50.00%) respectively. Down to the hatching blastocyst stage, 2-16 cell stage vitrified embryos in C solution achieved an encouraging rate comparing with A and B solutions (39.20% Vs23.08% and 22.73% respectively). The rates of arrested embryos decreased significantly (P< 0.05) after thawing across the three solutions especially the morula and blastocyst stage (0.00 and 3.70% respectively) (C solution). No significant differences were observed in the three types of embryos across all stages and solutions despite the large range among these rates. Given the apparent benefit of the participatory effect of cytoprotectants, it is advised to use a mixture of DMSO and EG (1:1) in vitrification of ovine embryos.

Formation and survival of in vitro protocormos of Cerrado Orchid of Goiás

The Cerrado has wide plant diversity, including orchids. These plants need symbiosis with fungi for their germination to occur in the wild. In vitro or asbiotic cultivation is an alternative for the production of seedlings of this species. This diversity of orchids makes it much appreciated as pot plants, landscaping, with high commercial value. The objective of this work was to carry out the study for the development of a protocol for the germination and in vitro development of orchids. The experiment was carried out at the LABIOTEC Biotechnology Laboratory of the Federal Institute Goiano Campus Urutaí-GO. Catasetum sp native capsules from Goiás State, containing mature seeds were collected and disinfected in 50% sodium hypochlorite solution for 30 minutes and in laminar flow were washed four times in distilled and autoclaved water. They were then seeded in vitro in 258 mL glass vials containing 30 mL of MS medium enriched with vitamins and 0.0 Tryptone; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 g L-1. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.2 ± 0.1. The average time for germination and development of the protocorms varied from 3 to 7 days after sowing for the species under study. The dosage of 2.0 g L-1 is efficient for the development and maintenance of in vitro Catasetum protocorms up to 333 days. There was no development of shoot of Catasetum seedlings in any of the evaluated treatments. It was observed that the 3.0 g L-1 Tryptone dosage presented higher rates of fungal and bacterial contamination and oxidation

Assessment of blackberry varieties suitable for growing in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine

The research aimed to study the productivity of blackberry foreign varieties (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine as they are attractive for production due to their fruit taste and appearance. The task was to establish the beginning and duration of fruiting of blackberry varieties, to determine the yield level and the quality of the berries. A fi eld experiment was conducted on the experimental fi eld of the Scientific and Research Center of BNAU to assess the productivity of blackberry varieties. The studies were started in the spring of 2017 on blackberry seedlings with growing the culture in vitro in the biotechnological laboratory of the university. The tests included 5 varieties with climbing shoots: Smoothstem, Thornfree, Black Satin, Triple Crown, Arapaho. According to the results of observations, it was found that for two years of fruiting among the studied varieties, the earliest production was received in the Arapaho variety, in the first decade of July. Triple Crown, with the fi rst fruits ripened on August 2, was characterized by late fruiting. The Triple Crown variety diff ered by the longest period of berry coming – 35 days. The yield obtained in a year after planting is not an indicator of long-term crop yields. However, the Triple Crown variety diff ered by the highest yield in the fi rst year of fruiting, with an average of 3.7 kg of berries obtained from a bush. High yields were also observed in the Smoothstem variety. Black Satin variety was characterized by the high level of yield growth for over two years of fruiting, which amounted to 80 %. The largest in the fi rst years of fruiting were Triple Crown fruits with an average weight of 11.1 g. The maximum weight of individual berries of this variety reached 17.7 g. The Arapaho variety also stood out with its large fruits of 8.5 g on average. Some fruits reached a maximum weight of 12.1 g. Key words: blackberry, the beginning of fruiting, productivity, average weight of berries, duration of products supply.

UJI KEMAMPUAN ISOLAT JAMUR Trichoderma spp. SEBAGAI ANTAGONIS Ganoderma boninense DAN PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING FUNGI (PGPF)

This study aims to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. Isolate that collection of Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung as an antagonist againstGanoderma boninense and also its ability as a Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF). Testing of Trichoderma spp. as an antagonist include tests for growth, spore density, and viability. Testing of Trichoderma spp. as PGPF (Plant Growth Promoting Fungi) using cucumber plants F1 variety to obtain the ability of Trichoderma spp. in improving cucumber plant performance. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and further tested DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at 5% level. The results showed that all isolates of Trichoderma spp. can act as an antagonist againstGanoderma boninense. In the PGPF test, there were 3 isolates of Trichoderma spp. which showed the best performance as a plant growth promoting namely L1, L5 and L10 isolates. In addition, these isolates also have good antagonistic.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (BA, KIN and NAA) on In vitro Propagation of Papaya (Carica papaya)

The present research was carried out in Biotechnology Laboratory of the Department of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207 from the period of September 2017 to June 2018. This research aims to study the effect of Benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin (KIN) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) either in combination or alone on In vitro propagation of papaya (Carica papaya). The shoot tips of young shoots were used as explant, which was sterilized using freshly prepared 0.1% HgCl2 mixing with few drops of Tween-20, were inoculated in MS media supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal. The minimum days to shoot induction (10.25) were recorded on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L BA. The highest shoots (4.5) and length of shoot (5.75 cm) observed in 1.0 mg/L BA. The combined treatment 1.0 mg/L BA+0.75 mg/LKIN gave the highest number of shoots (5.25) and length of shoot (5.78 cm).The minimum days (8.5) to root induction was reported in 2.0 mg/L NAA along with maximum 8.25 roots per plantlet. The highest length of root (6.92 cm) was observed in 2.0 mg/L NAA. In regenerated plantlets, 80% survival rates were observed in growth chamber conditions and 75% in the open atmosphere were achieved. Finally, the in vitro regeneration protocol described herein can potentially be used as a tool in molecular breeding programs for the improvement of different cultivars and genotypes of papaya.

UJI BEBERAPA FORMULA INOKULUM TERHADAP PRODUKSI TUBUH BUAH JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kummer.)

The study of test for several inoculum formulas on the production of white oyster mushroom body (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kummer.) conducted from April to September 2018 at Biotechnology laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University. This study were aimed to determine whether the treatment of the inoculum formula tested on the production medium can form the white oyster mushroom fruit body and to find out which inoculum formula can form the optimum fruit body in the production medium. This study was conducted by Randomized Complete Design (RAL) consisted of 4 treatments and four replications, I1 (100% corn seeds), I2 (50% : 23%: 27%), I3 (50% : 17% : 33%) dan I4 (95% : 5%). The results showed that I 3 was the best inoculum for the growth of the white oyster mushroom fruit body compared to the other inoculums which were characterized by a wide mushroom hood, the length was long and the weight of fresh mushroom was high. The inoculum formula and the best dosage for body production of white oyster mushroom are found in treatment I3 (50% sawdust + 17% corn flour + 33% bran).

FORMULASI MEDIA PERTUMBUHAN MISELIUM JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq) P. Kumm) DENGAN SUPLEMENTASI LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA

The research entitled Formulation of media for growth of white oyster mushroom mycelium ((Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq) P. Kumm) with waste of coconut fiber supplementation was carried out out in Biotechnology Laboratory unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. This research purposes; (a) To find out the formulation of coconut fiber waste as a supplementary medium for growing white oyster mushrooms (P.ostreatus); (b) to find out the formulation at the maximum dose of coconut husk supplementation in the medium for good growth of white oyster mushrooms (P.ostreatus). This study was designed based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 7 settings and 4 replications. The help arrangement is given between Sawdust: Rice Bran: Lime: Coconut Fiber Waste. Namely M0 (Basic media 100%, without Supplements), M1 Basic media 95% + Supplements 5%, M2 (Basic media 90% + Supplements 10%), M3 (Basic media 85% + Supplements 15%), M4 (Basic media 80% + Supplement 20%), M5 (Basic media 75% + Supplement 25%), M6 (Basic media 70% + Supplement 30%). Observation parameters; (a) prohibiting mycelium; (B) Incubation time; (c) Number of colonies (Colony Forming Units); (d) Macroscopic and microscopic observations of mycelium. The results showed that the fastest mycelium growth in M6 treatment was 1.193 cm and the lowest was M0 treatment which was 1.123 cm. The lowest incubation time at M6 is 28 days and the lowest at M0 is 44 days. The highest number of colonies (CFU) in M6 treatment was 1.96 x 10 -12 CFU / g and the lowest was maintenance of M3 1.03 x 10-12 CFU / g.

Analysis of Lucern, Berseem & Oats at Different Stages of Growth for Essential Nutrients

Green foddering systems for farm animals vary from one country to another, and the resources / system practiced in developed countries differ considerably from those practiced in Pakistan. The present study was undertaken for the evaluation of nutritional values of lucern (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa). These fodder crops are grown in winter and harvested in summer season. The understudy parameters included the evaluation of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash. Standard techniques were used for evaluation using Dessicator, Kjelhdal apparatus, Soxhlet’s apparatus and Muffle furnace available in Biotechnology Lab of Lahore Garrison University. The proximate analysis of Lucerne showed to have moisture 80.2%, crude protein 21.4%, crude fat 1.5%, crude fiber 25.2 % and ash 9.2 %. The proximate analysis of Berseem revealed moisture 85.4 %, crude protein 18.2%, crude fat 2.0 %, crude fiber 17.1 % and ash 8.9 %. The proximate analysis of Oats showed to have moisture 81.3%, crude protein 12.2%, crude fat 1.9 %, crude fiber 24.2 % and ash 8.2 %. No significant difference in nutritive values at 6, 9 and 12 weeks of growth in all understudy fodder crops was observed. Lucern was found having best nutritive values followed by Berseem whereas oats contained least nutritive values. Lucerne may be more suited for draught animals like polo / race horses /mules and other equines because of high protein and ash contents whereas Berseem and Oats may be more suited for milking animals and small ruminants due to laxative, staple and high fiber contents.

In vitro growth response on three provenances of Jabon Merah based on auxin and cytokinin combinations

This study aimed to determine the combination of plant growth regulators (PGR) that affects the growth of three provenances of Jabon merah through in vitro culture. This research was conducted in December 2017 to March 2018 at Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Research step consisted of sterilization, stock solutions and culture media preparation, and planting. The observation parameters were plant height, time of leaf formation, number of leaf, leaf length, number of root, root length, and percentage of dead explant. The results obtained from this observation were (1) the provenance significantly affected the time of leaf formation, number of root, root length, and percentage of explant explant, (2) the combination of PGR significantly affected the number of roots and root length, (3) the interaction between PGR and provenance was of a significant effect on the root length, (4) The combination of 1 ppm IBA and 0.5 ppm TDZ showed the best PGR in increasing the root length, (5) combination of 3 ppm IBA and 0.5 ppm TDZ increased the number of root, and (6) Sidrap Provenance was the best PGR based on the number of roots, root length and low mortality rate.

Screening of eight mutants of Sinjai lokal red rice (Oryza sativa) to salinity stress

The research aimed to determine the growth and tolerance of M7 brown rice mutant lines against stress by application of several doses of NaCl. The research was conducted at the Bio-Science and Biotechnology Laboratory for Plant Production, Agricultural Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture of Universitas Hasanuddin. It was conducted from October 2018 to February 2019, which was compiled based on 2 factorial design patterns and a randomized block design as it’s environmental design. The first factor consisted of 9 genotypes, i.e. 8 red rice mutant lines namely g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8 and one comparison line g9 as red rice parent which was not mutated. The second factor consisted of 4 NaCl dosage levels namely 0 dS/m, 4 dS/m, 8 dS/m, 12 dS/m. The results of the NaCl treatment on several Sinjai local red rice mutant lines show that the g2 genotype had the highest average value on the parameters of the weight of the plants on a fresh and dry condition. It indicated the g2 genotype as a mutant genotype that has tolerance to salinity stress at the vegetative growth phase.

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) initial growth in function to NPK fertilization

Pitaya is considered a very promising cactus fruit, however, there is a lack of studies that support the definition of more suitable production systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of NPK mineral fertilization on pitaya initial growth, aiming the definition of nutritional and fertilization management appropriate to the agricultural exploitation of the crop. The assay was conducted in the greenhouse of the Biotechnology Laboratory. The propagating part of pitaya is its stem known as cladode. The cladodes were planted in pots of 8.0 dm3, filled with substrate based on soil from termites. The donor matrices of vegetative material were young specimens of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). 72 cuttings of 30.0 cm in length were used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 9 treatments (NPK doses) and 4 replications, totalizing 36 experimental plots. Each experimental plot was composed of 2 cuttings. Number of cladodes, sum of cladodes length, fresh cladodes mass, dry cladodes mass, root system length, root system fresh mass and root system dry mass were evaluated at 160 days after planting the morphological characters. The results of the variables were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% of probability. NPK fertilization affected the initial growth of the aerial part and the root system of pitaya. The greatest development of pitaya was provided by 450.0 mg dm-3 of N, 250.0 mg dm-3 of P and 250.0 mg dm-3 of K.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ ПОЛЕЙ И ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СРЕДЫ НА ПОВЕДЕНИЕ НАСТОЯЩИХ ТЮЛЕНЕЙ

This paper presents the generalized results of experimental studies on the influence of electromagnetic fields and optical characteristics of the medium on the behavior of real seals conducted by the biotechnological systems laboratory of the MMBI RAS as part of the state task.

Biometry of fruit, germination and morphogenesis in vitro of citrus after asepsis of seeds in different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite

In tissue culture it is necessary to use seeds of good quality and free of pathogens in order to avoid damages in the work to be carried out in the laboratory. Therefore, strict cleaning of the seeds intended for in vitro cultivation is essential. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit biometry, germination and morphogenesis of 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and Persia Lima (Citrus aurantium) seeds in vitro submitted to different concentrations of NaClO for asepsis. Fruits of 'Cravo' lemon and Lima of Persia. Subsequently, they were transported to the Biotechnology Laboratory of the Goiano Federal Institute Campus Urutaí-GO, where they performed the biometric characterization of the fruits. The seeds of these fruits were submitted to treatment with sodium hypochlorite solution in different concentrations: 0,0; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5% for 10 minutes, constituting then five treatments for each variety and placed in an acclimatized growth room to analyze the results. The variables evaluated were: biometry of fruits and seedlings; oxidation indexes; germination; contamination; and types of contamination. NaClO doses were compared from 95% confidence intervals. The analyzes were performed using the glm () function of software R version 3.4.1. It was verified that the aseptic treatment with NaClO for lime and lemon was promising for the morphological processes of germination and development of seedlings, as well as for the control of contaminating agents in vitro.

DETERMINATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INBRED LINES AND HYBRIDS OF MAIZE USING ISSR TECHNIC

This study was carried out in the biotechnology laboratories of the Seed Inspection and Certification Department - Ministry of Agriculture during 2019, to study the relation among molecular five inbred lines with hybrid crosses of maize. to estimate the genetic diversity and determine the degree of genetic similarity among them using the ISSR based on PCR technic with 6 primers. All primers produced 79 bands at a rate of 13.2 bands per primer. The number of amplified bands ranged from 10 to the primer UBC 835 and 16 in the UBC 897, with a molecular length ranged between 100 - 1700 bp. The total number and percentage of polymorphic bands was 71 and 90% respectively. The primers UBC 856 and UBC 866 the highest percentage of had polymorphic bands of 100%. While the UBC 835 showed the lowest (70%). The highest efficiency and specificity were 12.7% and 9.9% respectively in UBC835. Based on molecular marker data and genetic similarity using the UPGMA method in establishing the dendrogram, the study showed that genetic similarity between the inbred lines ranged from 0.105 to 0.40, the highest (0.40) between the two strains BK121 and Zm6 , While the lowest degree of similarity (0.105) was between the two strains BK121 and ART-817 .

Utilization of Leaf Litter as Growth Media for Suren (Toona sureni Merr.) Rhizosphere Fungi Isolates

Leaf litter or organic matters can decompossed by microorganisms like fungi.This study aims to determine the ability of growth and the rate of decomposition of Suren (Toona sureni Merr.) rhizosphere fungi isolates on various organic media. The testing process was carried out at the Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The research method consisted of making fungi growing media, rejuvenating isolates and making organic media from teak leaf litter (Tectona grandis), Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). The highest growth of mycelium was found in Fusarium sp. The growth of the five best fungi isolates in the formulation of mahogany leaf litter and the highest average decomposition rate in the combination treatment of mahogany leaf litter and Fusarium sp.