Labor Situation Research Articles

Hide-and-seek: Detecting Workers' Emotional Workload in Emotional Labor Contexts Using Multimodal Sensing

Emotional labor refers to the process in which workers are required to express emotions regardless of their actual feelings by the organization. In workplaces where such display rules exist, workers experience an emotional workload. Continued exposure to emotional workload can lead to severe mental and psychological issues. Nevertheless, research on assessing emotional workload remains understudied. In this study, we propose a machine learning model to automatically evaluate workers' emotional workload in emotional labor situations through multimodal sensing. The data collection study was designed based on a call center scenario. Within the study, we manipulated customer behaviors as confederates and assessed the worker's emotional workload. As a result, this study provides a benchmark using well-known features and standard machine learning methods. We achieved an accuracy of up to 87% for binary and three-class classification cases. Finally, we discuss the significance of assessing emotional workload and considerations for its practical application in the workplace.

Shortage of Qualified Filipino Personnel on board vessels: A myth or a reality?

The maritime industry, which mainly relies on Filipino sailors, has recently expressed alarm over a potential scarcity of skilled workers on board ships. By closely assessing the current situation of Filipino maritime labor, this study determines if the claimed shortage is a myth or a reality. The study investigates Filipino seafarers' availability, qualifications, and deployment, utilizing data from industry reports and employment trends. The investigation reveals a complicated problem. On the one hand, there are noticeable shortages in certain fields, particularly among officers and highly specialized professions. These shortages are exacerbated by an aging workforce, a lag in sophisticated marine training, and rising competition from other sectors and nations providing more attractive opportunities. On the other hand, the total supply of Filipino seamen remains. To address these challenges, the paper suggests several strategies, including improving the quality and relevance of maritime education and training, fostering stronger collaboration between the government and industry stakeholders, and implementing By aligning educational outcomes with industry needs and addressing the root causes of perceived shortages, the Philippines can maintain its position as a leading supplier of seafarers to the global fleet. This study indicates that, while there are areas of concern, the overall narrative of a scarcity of competent Filipino seafarers is more complex than appears, necessitating a nuanced and strategic approach to maritime workforce development.

Perspectiva de género en empresas de turismo de aventura en Quintana Roo, México.

The relevance of the study lies in the importance of addressing gender issues comprehensively in adventure tourism, from acknowledging individual barriers to the need for cultural and structural transformations, recognizing the complexity of the problem, and the necessity for personalized and culturally sensitive solutions to advance towards greater gender equity. The labor situation of adventure tourism companies in communities in the southern state of Quintana Roo is analyzed through a gender perspective by conducting in-depth interviews with female and male workers, based on categories such as atypical hiring, wage discrimination, devaluation and invisibility, sticky floor, glass ceiling, and sexual harassment. Findings show that gender stereotypes exist in adventure tourism, highlighting a positive perception towards female leadership positions, albeit with stereotypes that limit the diversity of roles they can perform.

Labor Situation and Academic Engagement in University Students

Objective: Admission to university means a change in lifestyles for young people, who are burdened by factors such as emotional problems, stress and must develop the skills to face positively their university studies developing their academic engagement [EA]. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the employment situation and academic engagement in university students. Methods: A quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 429 university students, male and female, selected by a random probabilistic criterion. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale was used to collect information. The statistical test used corresponds to the Spearman correlation. Results: The main results reveal that the level of EE of university students is average, since 48.5% identified with this level. In the dimension of vigor of the EA, high percentages of university students with a medium level of engagement with a tendency to low and very low levels were found. In the dimension of dedication, university students were characterized by having a medium level with a tendency to high and very high levels, while in the dimension of absorption, university students are characterized by having a medium level of engagement with a tendency to low levels. On the other hand, the employment situation of university students reveals that 69% study and work, while 31% only study. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a moderate relationship between the employment situation and the EA since the p value obtained is less than the proposed significance value (0.025<0.050).

Perpetual banishment: The transcarceral crimmigration case of Mary Masako Akimoto

AbstractThe case of Mary Masako Akimoto illuminates how carceral systems based on immigrant criminalisation, known as crimmigration, intersected with gendered notions of decent and indecent work in 1930s America. Mary Akimoto was deported from the USA in compliance with US anti‐sex trafficking law for the crime of selling sex in a brothel (indecent work). Yet, as part of her rehabilitation or as a requirement of her release in the months and years that followed her initial arrest, she regularly found herself in coerced labour situations engaging in vocations gendered as decent work.

From climatic to international shocks: Where does the evidence stand on income changes and child labor

AbstractChildren in developing countries are vulnerable to shocks and adversities and child labor is often seen as a direct consequence of poverty and economic downturns. While such univocal causality may appear obvious, its empirical basis has not been systematically evaluated. To understand the linkages between shocks, changes in the economic situation of families and child labor, we therefore conduct a systematic literature review on the impact of income‐related shocks on child labor. We evaluate empirical studies of weather events and natural disasters, agricultural shocks such as crop failures, family shocks like parental illness, price shocks and transnational shocks through trade, migration, and remittances. Focusing on the literature that identifies causal effects, we find that the relationship between shocks and child labor is far from univocal. While in most cases adverse shocks increase child labor, we find that favorable shocks that improve earning opportunities may also cause more child labor. Policies to tackle child labor should therefore develop safety nets that minimize the probability of children being used as buffers in adverse economic downturns, but also consider the risk that positive economic shocks may attract children into labor due to changes to the value of children's time spent working.

Stability of the social and labor sphere of the Russian Federation in 2023 is ensured by the constructive position of social partners

The article was prepared based on the materials of the analytical bulletin of the Center for Monitoring and Analysis of Social and Labor Conflicts of the Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. A number of key external and internal factors that influenced the social and labor sphere in the Russian Federation throughout 2023 have been identified. The author comes to the conclusion that the social and labor situation in the past year remained stable with low conflict potential, without the risk of deterioration in the medium term. Industry differences in the causes of social and labor conflicts show that in the most conflict-ridden industries, the sources of confrontations are contradictions in labor relations (low wages, violations of working conditions, and non-payment of bonuses).

Why women from fishing communities in Andalusia (Spain) not enlist on fishing vessels? Socio-economic and ideological factors of their non-recognition and initiatives for their inclusion

Andalusia, located in southern Spain, has a long coastline and a rich history of fishing activities that encompass extraction, industrialization, and commercialization. However, women have traditionally been underrepresented in various stages of the fishing chain in this region. Despite this, women have made significant contributions to the sustainability and social well-being of fishing households through their involvement in diverse fishing-related tasks. Women in Andalusia have taken on diverse roles in the fishing sector, including administration and support tasks for fishing units, as well as responsibilities related to care and maintenance of domestic services. In 2018, the Andalusian Association of Women in the Fishing Sector (ANDMUPES) was launched with the aim of promoting the effective incorporation of women in different tasks. The study conducted an in-depth questionnaire across 25 ports in Andalusia to gather comprehensive data on the labor situation of women in the fishing sector, as well as to expose the picture of ideological factors and socio-economic conditions that are hindering the access of women to the fishing sector. The study aims to highlight the role of women in the fishing sector and their potential contributions to the innovation, transformation, and sustainability of small-scale fishing.

On assessing the development of the social and labor sphere in the Russian Federation in dynamically changing external and internal conditions

The article was prepared based on the materials of the analytical bulletin of the Center for Monitoring and Analysis of Social and Labor Conflicts of the Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. The social and labor situation in the Russian Federation and the conflict potential in the labor sphere continue to take shape under the influence of the unstable global and domestic economic conditions. The article provides statistical data on social and labor conflicts. Based on an analysis of the political and socio-economic changes taking place in the country and worldwide, the author assesses the development of the social and labor sphere.

The Endowment Effect in China Rural Land and Property Market

To evaluate how the endowment effect be the obstacle in the agricultural and property market and to find key factors which have impact on endowment effect, this article re-defined what the endowment effect is in rural-land property market, which is mainly focus on how the decision-maker establish choices and evaluates the worth of the deals they hold. Then, this paper studies the phenomenon of price preference among supply and demand-side of farmland and property market in the application of Shaanxi province. Third, this paper exams the Chengdu's villagers voluntarily and compensation of the withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH) with the obvious conflict between supplying and demanding of urban and agricultural building land resources. Based on the re-definition and main applications, this paper indicates that the key factors which affect the endowment effect includes emotional ties, degree of substitution of goods as well as products, income levels, price preferences on the demand sides as well as supply sides of the land market, perceived risk evaluation of future income situation, forecasted risk of the stability of the rural land property rights, the labour situation among various types of farmers, age, membership in cooperatives and whether there is a local intermarriage or not. This paper will also critically examine how endowment effect influence supply and demand relationships in the land and property markets, how the government might issue directives or create policies to support or discourage endowment effect in the farmland market and how to establish the innovation of "three rights of separation" in the land market. The potential remedies and suggestions are provided.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Comparative Study of ChatGPT and Google Bard in Clinical Diagnostics

Introduction The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT and Google Bard promises transformative advances in clinical diagnostics. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of these two AI tools to diagnose various medical scenarios. Methods Experts from varied medical domains curated 20 case scenarios, each paired with its ideal diagnostic answer. Both AI systems, ChatGPT (updated in September 2021) and Google Bard (updated in January 2023), were tasked with diagnosing these cases. Their outcomes were recorded and subsequently assessed by human medical professionals. Results In the diagnostic evaluations, ChatGPT achieved an accuracy of 90%, correctly diagnosing 18 out of 20 cases, while Google Bard displayed an 80% accuracy rate, correctly answering 16 questions. Notably, both AIs faltered in specific complex scenarios. For instance, both systems misdiagnosed a labor situation, and while ChatGPT incorrectly identified a case of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Google Bard suggested a less suitable diagnostic procedure (pelvic ultrasound) for a 56-year-old patient. Conclusion This study showcases the promising capabilities of ChatGPT and Google Bard in the realm of clinical diagnostics, with both AI tools achieving commendable accuracy rates.

Prevalence of Cesarian Delivery and Associated Factors among Mothers who Gave Birth at Public Hospitals, Jigjiga, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

Background: Caesarean delivery is a procedure used to save a mother’s and fetus’s lives when the labour situation becomes complicated. However, a wrong decision can substantially increase the rates of morbidity and mortality of the woman and the fetus. Purpose: the study aimed to assess the prevalence of cesarean delivery and associated factors. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study has been conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used. A face-to-face interview was employed to collect data through a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were counted on. A binary logistic regression was employed to assess factors associated with cesarean delivery. The odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: The prevalence of cesarean delivery in this study is 27.4% (95% CI 23.3, 31.8%). monthly income 3,000-6,000 birr [AOR = 3.91 (95% CI: 1.50, 10.17)], previous cesarean delivery [AOR = 15.86 (95% CI: 8.01, 31.40)] and mother not directed counselling [AOR = 2.87 (95% CI: 1.46, 5.68)] are factors significantly associated. The prevalence of cesarean delivery uses is high. The obstetric factors occurring around delivery are the master ground leading cesarean delivery rather than the background characteristics. There is a low rate of pregnant mother counseling. We recommend interventions for the prevention of unnecessary primary cesarean delivery, counselling for pregnant mothers, particular emphasis on training all health care providers, and further investigation

Social and labor situation in the Russian Federation in the new economic and political conditions

The article is based on the materials of the analytical bulletin of the Center for Monitoring and Analysis of Social and Labor Conflicts of the Saint Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. The social and labor situation in the Russian Federation and the conflict potential in the labor sphere continue to be formed under the influence of unstable global and domestic economic conditions. The article presents statistical data on social and labor conflicts.

The Perception Of Host Communities On The Impact Of Tourism In The Jericoacoara Region (Brazil)

The present study aims to analyze how the natives and ancient residents of the small locality of Jericoacoara, located in the Northeast of Brazil, and recognized as being a spot of an intense tourist movement, evaluate and experience the socioeconomic, cultural and environmental indicators resulting from the tourist activity and what are the impacts for the community and on the life of each resident. It is also intended to evaluate the acuity of the community perception towards the tourism in comparison with the opinions of scholars. Therefore we undertake a detailed presentation of the different theoretical positions regarding tourism and its positive and negative impacts on the host communities, taking in consideration the most varied segments interfering on population's everyday life. To better situate the issue, some of the most significant historical moments of Tourism in the World, in Brazil and in Ceará are highlighted. In relation to Brazil and Ceará, the study was also concerned with describing the main indicators related to tourism, as well as identifying the profile of workers in there´s activity, labor situation, schooling, income, living conditions, public policies of tourism and institutions related to this sector, either in the preservation of the environment or in the protection and defense of the historical and natural heritage, as well as to verify the transformations in the main basic infrastructures: health, education, transport and sanitation. In conclusion, the residents' perceptions about the impacts of the activity are presented. The recognition of the positive effects of tourism on the life of community, its social and economic aspects, are evaluated as well as some negatives effects in their cultural and environmental aspects. Also, a criticism and synthesis of everything that has been discussed is outlined and the key concepts of tourism such as development, quality of life and the encounter of cultures. Some suggestions of action

Digital skills labour in the retail industry in the context of digital transformation: Some recommendations

Digital transformation is creating many opportunities and challenges for businesses in general and retail businesses in particular. Today, one of the challenges facing is to have a digital workforce that meets the requirements in the context of digital transformation businesses. In fact, the existing digital labour of retail businesses, as well as the digitally skilled human resources in the labour market for retail businesses, have not met the requirements. Based on the secondary and primary data collected from the survey of 59 votes in retail enterprises, combined with the results of interviews with experts and business leaders, the article gave an overview of the current situation of the digital labour in retail businesses and proposed some recommendations to develop the digital labour in retail businesses in the context of digital transformation.

Estimating Global Friction Periods for Economic Evaluation: A Case Study of Selected OECD Member Countries.

The friction cost approach (FCA) offers an alternative to the dominant human capital approach to value productivity losses. Application of the FCA in practice is limited largely due to data availability. Recent attempts have tried to standardise the estimation of friction periods across Europe, but to date, this has not been attempted elsewhere. Our aim was to estimate friction periods for 17 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries between 2010 and 2021 based on routinely published data. We derived friction period estimates for Australia, Austria, Canada, Czechia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Vacancy stock and flow data was sourced from the OECD's short-term labour situation database from 2010 to 2021, and included the impact of Covid-19 on the labour market. The estimated friction periods were applied to cost cancer-related premature mortality for the United States as an illustrative case. The average friction period in the five non-European countries (Australia, Canada, Korea, Japan and the United States) was 61.0 days (SD 9.4) (range between 44.8 days in Korea and 82.2 days in Canada) and the average friction period in the 12 European countries was 60.6 days (SD 14.8) (range between 34.1 days in Switzerland and 137.3 days in Czechia). In both cases, the outbreak of Covid-19 increased the length of the friction period. Our illustrative case revealed that productivity costs in the US were over a third lower using the study-specific friction period (56 days) compared with the conventionally assumed 90-day friction period applied in the literature as a default measure. Our results expand the potential application of the FCA outside of Europe and will support greater utilisation of the FCA and wider inclusion of productivity costs in societal-based economic evaluations based on the use of widely available and updated key labour market variables in our selected countries.

On the results of the development of labor relations in the Russian Federation in the new economic and political realities

The article is based on the materials of the analytical bulletin of the Center for Monitoring and Analysis of Social and Labor Conflicts, St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions. In the coming 2023, the social and labor situation in the Russian Federation and the conflict potential in the labor sphere continue to be formed under the influence of unstable global and domestic economic conditions. The article presents statistical data on social and labor conflicts. Based on the analysis of political and socio-economic changes taking place in the country and in the world, the author makes a forecast of further changes in social and labor relations.

Assessment of conflict potential in the social and labor sphere and the impact of Western sanctions on the development of labor relations in the Russian Federation

Since the second quarter of 2022, social and labor situation in the Russian Federation, development of labor relations at enterprises (institutions), and the conflict potential are formed under the influence of new external and internal conditions. After the beginning of the Special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, Western unfriendly states have adopted and introduced new packages of illegal economic, political and other sanctions against Russia, aimed at isolating our country and destroying its industry. In response to the actions of the "collective West", the Russian leadership is taking retaliatory measures, as well as implementing a plan to protect and develop the economy and national security.

Quality of life in aging process: the role of work-related psychosocial conditions and social support

Aging has been a growing source of increased opportunities raised by longevity, but also a growing source of concern,particularly with regard to the mental health and the well-being of elderly people. As such, it is highly relevant to have a better understanding of the relationship between workplace related psychosocial factors and quality of life, not only among working population, but also among retired individuals.
 The main objective of this study is to better understand and characterize the relation between quality of life (QoL), work-related psychosocial conditions, and social support for both working and retired adults. Participants were 1.330, 62.2% of which female, with ages ranging between 55 and 75 years old. 47% of the respondents were working and 46 % were retired. Three structural equation models were tested, using the total sample and by labor situation (working and retired). The results showed that the stress management (with a greater effect in retired participants) and the social support (with a greater effect in working participants) have a positive influence on the QoL factor. Better work-related psychosocial conditions and higher social support were predictors of higher/better QoL. Our study allowed us to conclude that QoL is influenced by working situation, social support and work-related psychosocial conditions. This is a powerful message to policy makers in view of the growth of older populations.

The status of emotional labour and its influence on job burnout among village doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundVillage doctors in China are not only the gatekeepers of rural residents' health but also the net bottom of the medical security system. However, emotional labour is increasingly threatening the stability of the rural primary medical system. In addition, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has further exposed the vulnerability of human resources in China's rural health system. This study aims to evaluate the current situation of emotional labour among village doctors and explore the impact of emotional labour on job burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in December 2021 in Shandong Province. We used structured questionnaires to collect data, including sociodemographic characteristics, emotional labour, and job burnout. Data were analysed by t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 1,093 village doctors from Shandong Province participated in the study. More than half of the participants were male (62.40%) and were between 41 and 50 years old (53.43%). The total mean score of emotional labour was 3.17 ± 0.67, of which the surface acting (SA) score was 2.28 ± 0.90, and the deep acting (DA) score was 3.91 ± 0.93. There were significant differences in SA according to gender and work content (P < 0.05) and in DA according to gender, age, education level, and work content (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that SA was positively correlated with job burnout (P < 0.001), and DA was negatively correlated with job burnout (P < 0.001). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 29% of the variance in job burnout is attributable to SA (β = 0.530, P < 0.001) and DA (β = -0.154, P < 0.001).ConclusionVillage doctors in Shandong Province performed moderate levels of emotional labour during the COVID-19 pandemic. SA had a significant positive effect on job burnout, while DA had a significant negative effect on job burnout among village doctors. Administrators should enhance training on emotional labour for village doctors to play a positive role in alleviating their job burnout.