Labor Situation Research Articles

The importance of the vocational training centers in providing labor to the furniture industry in Turkey

The furniture industry in Turkey has been expanding year by year. The amounts of exports have increased every year since 2001. Turkish businessmen have gained excellent experience in the steps of design, production, and sales. The value of Turkey’s exports of furniture was $2,200,000 at the end of 2015. Even so, the furniture industry has some important labor problems. Various educational institutions train students for furniture industry, e.g., industrial vocational schools, vocational training centers, and vocational high schools. But, adequate numbers of workers have not been provided to the furniture industry. In this study, we investigated the importance of the vocational training centers in providing workers for the furniture industry in Turkey. Some important data were collected concerning the students over the last five years. These data were used to analyze the labor situation in the furniture industry. The remarkable conclusion of the research is that the total number of students dropped by approximately 50 % from year 2010 to 2014. In this context, the furniture sector which already has staff shortage will likely go through tough times in finding qualified personnel in the future.

Análisis socioeconómico del consumo excesivo de alcohol en Ecuador

Introducción: el consumo excesivo de alcohol constituye un serio problema de salud pública en Ecuador y se posiciona como una de las principales causas de muerte en el país. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar si el nivel socioeconómico condiciona la probabilidad de que una persona se convierta en consumidor excesivo de alcohol. Materiales y métodos: se usa como fuente de información la Encuesta Ecuatoriana de Condiciones de Vida 2014. El método de estimación es un modelo logístico para determinar el efecto marginal que tiene el nivel socioeconómico en la probabilidad de que un individuo sea catalogado como consumidor excesivo de alcohol; el nivel socioeconómico se aproxima con el nivel de pobreza, situación laboral e instrucción. Resultados: se demuestra que las personas que se encuentran en una situación de pobreza, no culminaron sus estudios secundarios o superiores y están desempleados tienen, en promedio, una mayor probabilidad de caer en el consumo excesivo de alcohol; es decir, los hallazgos confirman que los factores que determinan un bajo nivel socioeconómico vulneran a los individuos a ser consumidores excesivos de alcohol. Además del factor económico, un individuo es más propenso consumir alcohol en exceso cuando es hombre, soltero, mayor de 65 años y habita en la zona urbana. Conclusión: el diseño de política para atender el consumo excesivo de alcohol como un problema de salud pública debe plantearse como ejes de atención aquellos determinantes fundamentales para tener una atención efectiva y que está estrechamente vinculada con los niveles socioeconómicos bajos.

Human Security and Japan’s Policy on Migrant Workers: With a Focus on the Situation of Female Laborers

Human Security and Japan’s Policy on Migrant Workers: With a Focus on the Situation of Female Laborers

Before and now: The labour situation of clients in a therapeutic community

Abstract This article aims to identify changes in the work situation among problematic drug users (PDU) clients of an international therapeutic community located in Portugal, after the completion of treatment. In this article, we analyse these changes on the assumption that entry to the labour market is essential for effective social reintegration. To achieve our aim, we carried out a pilot study with an analysis of the administrative records of a therapeutic community and then held telephone interviews with 63 former clients. Different work-related factors were compared, with special attention being paid to the changes registered. We concluded that, after treatment, although there was greater instability, educational qualifications and the number of PDU employees with an occupation increased. There was a decrease in factory workers and an increase in administrative functions. First jobs were obtained via a more formal channel, while the most recent ones were obtained on own initiative. This leads to the conclusion that after an initial period of greater difficulties the PDU participants in this study manage to gain higher autonomy and better integration into the labour market.

La insérción laboral de las mujeres de sectores populares en Argentina: sobre características objetivas y vivencias subjetivas

Tal como ha sido documentado por la literatura, los patrones de segregación según nivel socioeconómico y género en el mercado de trabajo argentino (así como en la región en general) muestran una marcada persistencia. En efecto, si la tasa de participación laboral femenina todavía es sustancialmente menor que la masculina, son las mujeres de bajos ingresos las que exhiben los niveles de inserción más bajos, con condiciones laborales más precarias y horizontes ocupacionales sustancialmente acotados. En este marco, el presente artículo se propone ahondar en el conocimiento de la situación laboral reciente de este segmento poblacional en base a un abordaje de tipo cuanti-cualitativo. Por un lado, a partir de datos estadísticos, se brindará un panorama respecto a las principales características que asume la inserción laboral de estas mujeres. Por otro lado, se buscará explorar la dimensión subjetiva de la participación laboral de estas trabajadoras. Así, se indagará sobre: las percepciones de estas mujeres en torno al limitado abanico de opciones laborales disponibles - identificando los parámetros utilizados para evaluar sus restringidas alternativas; el significado que asignan a la experiencia del trabajo remunerado - prestando particular atención al rol que juega su intersección con el trabajo doméstico y de cuidado; y las expectativas a futuro en términos laborales - teniendo en cuenta las oportunidades y los obstáculos que se presentan para alcanzarlas.

La consecución de la alfabetización universal en el Alto Nervión (País Vasco)

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un estudio de caso concreto acerca del proceso de alfabetización en la comarca vasca del Alto Nervión, entre Araba/Álava y Bizkaia. Basándose en la necesidad de huir de generalizaciones y resaltar matices, valoramos los avances de esta comarca en relación al calendario marcado por otras zonas próximas, otras provincias o España en su conjunto, en el contexto de los estudios que analizan las capacidades alfabetizadoras como elemento esencial para la mejora del capital humano, factor necesario aunque no suficiente para el desarrollo económico, reflexión a la que se dedica la primera parte del trabajo. A continuación se realiza un recorrido que abarca desde los primeros datos sobre alfabetización que aparecen a mediados del siglo XIX, hasta 1935, momento en que la comarca ya ha alcanzado la alfabetización universal, pasando por una fase intermedia protagonizada por una importante crisis económica y demográfica. El estudio se lleva a cabo mediante fuentes estadísticas como son los padrones municipales de población que reflejan la adquisición por parte de cada individuo de las capacidades de leer y escribir. El análisis nos lleva a concluir que el proceso de alfabetización, a pesar de enfrentar importantes desequilibrios territoriales, de género o socioprofesionales, se había completado ya antes de la Guerra Civil, capacitando a su capital humano para el desarrollo económico que el Alto Nervión estaba emprendiendo.

高校生アルバイトの労働実態と学校生活:「子ども」ではいられない高校生たち

高校生アルバイトの労働実態と学校生活:「子ども」ではいられない高校生たち

Determinantes del entorno familiar en el fomento del hábito lector del alumnado de Educación Primaria

This research is located in the environment of relationships between the family environment and the reading habit, focusing the attention on students of Primary Education and their families. Specifi cally, the aim was analysing how the economic, cultural, labour situation and the family involvement affect the reading habit of children. A quantitative, no experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design was used in the research, in which information was collected in nine schools from Region de Murcia, taking into consideration a sample of 403 children. The results show higher reading habit in students whose parents have better economic status, superior academic level and greater involvement in the education of their children. Finally, some recommendations were displayed as actions that should be taken from the school perspective in order to try to solve the family, economic and cultural disadvantages of the starting point. These suggestions seek encouraging families to participate directly in the proposed activities by schools, narrowing the gap between the family and school.

Demographic Trends of Child Labour in India: Implications for Policy Reforms

The article highlights the situation of child labour using the Census data of Government of India from 1971 to 2011. This study has also utilized the National Sample Survey Organization 68th round data on employment and unemployment of child labour in India. In this study, bivariate and multivariate analysis has been carried out. The chi-square test has been used to study the association between child labour and various socio-economic characteristics. The multiple logistic regression technique has been used to find out the factors affecting child labour. All the analysis has been carried out in SPSS and STATA software. The article has highlighted the growth rate of child labour and its distribution with socio- economic characteristics and work participation rate of child labour in India. Using the logistic regression, the study has projected the estimates of child labour in India. Besides that, the article recommended various suggestions for the abolition and regulation of the incidences of child labour in India.

The consequences of Brexit for the labour market and employment law – challenges for the European Union from a Polish perspective

One of the most important problems arising from Brexit will concern labour law and the labour market – specifically the future development of labour law at the European level, the situation in domestic labour markets, and (as a consequence) changes in national legislations. At present, it is difficult to draw any precise conclusions regarding the impact of Brexit; however, it is possible to identify some of the more likely scenarios and consequences. There are substantial questions concerning: the future of EU law after Brexit and how Brexit will affect British labour law; the situation of multinational labour law institutions (e.g. European Works Councils), as well as the posting of workers. A lot depends on the final agreement between the UK and the EU. A close economic partnership may enforce the maintenance of the most important labour standards and mechanisms which are necessary to guarantee equilibrium between the partners.

From Bonded to Industrial Labour: Precarity, Maoism, and ethnicity in a modern industrial factory in western Nepal

AbstractThis article focuses on how people who formerly worked as bonded labourers adapt to the new realities of an insecure capitalist labour market. It examines how the past shapes the uncertain labour situation of the present, including resistance. The article reflects on the current experiences of precarious labour at industrial sites in western Nepal. It describes how former bonded labourers and their descendants have begun working as contract workers in a modern industrial food-processing factory, with the help of contractors related to them by kin. The article further shows that one of the defining features of their new life as contract labourers is its chronic precariousness. Undisguised forms of confrontation, such as open disregard for management instructions, are also part of their new reality in the labour market. Contract labourers are often strongly assertive in the face of managerial authority, and this assertiveness has been shaped largely by either past experiences or memories of bonded labour. The article contributes to debates about bonded labour and its transformations in South Asia. It also offers a reflection on the limited impact of the Nepali Maoist Revolution on precarious labour and on the ethnic dimensions of this segment of Nepali society. Finally, it contributes to discussions about industrialization and Adivasi communities in South Asia and beyond.

Retos para alcanzar un trabajo digno y decente en México

El estudio de la situación laboral actual en México, derivada de un diluido Estado de derecho, puede abonar a alcanzar una mejor realidad social en términos generales y en particular a alcanzar los objetivos del trabajo digno establecidos tanto en la Constitución, como en los tratados internacionales. Lo anterior, a través de la reflexión y el análisis teórico y una metodología cualitativa, complementado con bases históricas, y una investigación documental y contextualizada, para entender, explicar y proponer una posible solución a la indignante situación laboral del país. Entendiendo que en México millones de personas no cuentan con un trabajo digno que les proporcione acceso a la seguridad social, perciban un salario remunerador, cuentan con la capacitación continua y las condiciones de seguridad e higiene para prevenir riesgos a su integridad. Lo que hace que, de hecho, esos millones de empleos se desarrollen de forma inconstitucional. Es por ello que se considera imprescindible la transformación legislativa, así como institucional, para materializar los ideales plasmados en nuestro derecho laboral.

FEATURES OF MOTIVATION OF WORK VOLUNTARY AND FORCED MIGRANTS IN RUSSIA

The article describes the results of the study of labor motivation of voluntary and forced labor migrants in Russia. Labor motivation is a system of internal and external motivational elements, under the influence of which the attitude to work and labor behavior is formed in the consciousness of a person. Labor migration refers to movements for the purpose of employment, including moving to a permanent place of residence, where the main motive is to seek employment. Labor migrants have to adapt to the new socio-economic and socio-psychological conditions of the surrounding reality, which places increased demands on the ability of the individual to adapt to the new conditions and affects the professional activities of migrants. Voluntary labor migrants have a high degree of adaptation to the new conditions of work, an average degree of communicative activity, and an adequate perception of their social role. The high degree of General dissatisfaction with the labor situation is expressed; the avoiding type of labor motivation directed on minimization of labor efforts prevails. Forced migrants have low emotional stability, adaptive abilities are reduced, a tendency to neuropsychiatric disorders is expressed, and there is a low level of behavioral regulation, an average degree of communicative activity, a high focus on compliance with generally accepted norms of behavior. The high degree of General dissatisfaction with the labor situation is expressed; the instrumental type of labor motivation focused on receiving high earnings dominates.

TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY OF LOCAL LABOUR MARKETS IN POLAND

The situation in the labour market is conditioned by many factors that often have a local dimension. Identification of different levels of development of labour demand as well as potential of labour supply on the local level is a crucial element of diagnosis of reasons for regional and local diversity and implementation of an appropriate labour market policy. As there is available a variety of indicators describing regional labour relations, there is a need to create synthetic measure to include different aspects of the labour market situation. The aim of the paper is identification of the diversity of the situation in the local labour markets of all 16 Polish voivodeships. At the first step, a synthetic measure including eight variables was created. At the second stage 16 Polish voivodeships were clustered following Ward’s and k-means methods. As the authors assume that the position of voivodeship labour markets is connected with the position of capital cities, the analysis was deepened by ranking voivodeship cities based on Hellwig’s method. As a result of conducted research and the classification of Polish voivodeships and their capital cities in the context of the situation in the labour market, there have been identified the reasons of regions’ positions and proposed recommendations for the labour market policy.

Satisfação em enfermagem: perspetiva do enfermeiro versus perspetiva do utent

A dupla vertente da satisfação dos utentes e da satisfação profissional dos enfermeiros constitui um indicador de resultado, válido na avaliação da qualidade dos serviços. Temos como objetivo avaliar a satisfação dos enfermeiros e a satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados de enfermagem, em meio hospitalar. Foram utilizadas: a escala EAST-Enf, a escala SUCEH21 e questões de caracterização. Desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, quantitativo, numa amostra de 124 enfermeiros e 462 utentes no norte de Portugal. A amostra dos profissionais é predominantemente feminina (82.3%), com média de idade a rondar os 42 anos. Dos 462 utentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino (53.2%), com idade média de 57.47 anos. Os enfermeiros mais satisfeitos profissionalmente são os mais jovens (84,13), com menor grau académico (74,80), com tempo de serviço inferior a 10 anos (78,59), que trabalham na unidade de AVC (77,10), e aqueles que exercem funções em serviços com liderança democrática (76.6%). Relativamente aos utentes, os mais satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem são as mulheres (2,87), os mais idosos (2,87), viúvos (2,59), reformados (2,56), internados na unidade de AVC (3). Na satisfação dos enfermeiros, destacam-se como variáveis determinantes, a idade dos enfermeiros e o tempo de serviço. A satisfação dos utentes com os cuidados de enfermagem destaca-se o sexo, idade, estado civil, situação laboral, profissão e serviço de internamento. De forma global, verificou-se uma relação direta entre a satisfação dos profissionais e a satisfação dos utentes. A identificação dessas relações é muito importante nas organizações de saúde, constituindo uma ferramenta sólida na tomada de decisão e, portanto, na prestação de melhores cuidados de saúde.

Perception and New Labor Situation of The Graduates of the Program in Study

The objective of the present study is to know the level of satisfaction of the graduated students of the program of studies of Professional Magister in Education with Mention in Management of Quality of the university under study. The project was applied to the students graduated during the period 2010 - 2014 through an annual survey conducted to 82 graduates, who gave their opinion regarding their satisfaction with the study program, in addition to referring to their employment situation current and as a change after completing this study, for example your salary and employability. The method used is the application of a positive poll, which consists of a series of questions, which can be answered with an YES or NO, and then get the percentage of each, an average is drawn with the answers giving the final percentage of each question. In general, the satisfaction with the program averages 93.48%, which concludes the university under study that is doing things well and that only has to try to polish some details that will be described more clearly in the present investigation, given that the percentage of satisfaction has been decreasing in recent years, with a clear trend and not easy to reverse if the appropriate measures are not taken in the correct times, highlighting that in the first year in which the survey is the one with the highest percentage, of 98.46% and henceforth with a pronounced downward trend.

La medición de la salud en el mercado laboral europeo: una perspectiva de género

This study aims to corroborate whether workers’ health is better than the unemployed individuals’ health within the European Union framework and to determine the existence of gender disparities between both groups. To achieve this, two Synthetic Health Indicators were created, one for the employed and another one for the unemployed, with the P 2 distance method. The structure of both indicators reflects that mental health and emotions are important to explain individuals’ health. After obtaining the average values of both Synthetic Health Indicators, we proved the existence of a territorial pattern characterized by a dualism between Nothern, Central and Southern countries, where the employed and unemployed’s health is better, and Eastern countries, where both groups’ health is poorer, although mostly among the unemployed. When analyzing differences between the employed and the unemployed depending on their sex, a clear pattern across countries is not found, however when calculating men and women differences according to their labor situation, in 18 out of 28 examined countries, women’s health is better than men’s, in particular, if they are employed. In this vein, labor situation affects men and women differently according to their country of residence, therefore, the labor market policies applied by each country play an essential role to mitigate the gender health inequalities.

Vocal risk in preachers: talkativeness, vocal loudness, and knowledge about vocal health and hygiene.

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge of preachers about aspects of vocal health and hygiene and evaluate talkativeness and vocal loudness self-perceived during labor and extra-labor situations aiming to understand the possibility of vocal risk in these professionals. Methods Fifty male preachers aged 22 to 73 years were evaluated. They responded to two self-assessment questionnaires on vocal health and hygiene and talkativeness and vocal loudness. The results were submitted to statistical analysis. Results The preachers presented satisfactory scores in the Vocal Health and Hygiene Questionnaire; however, their scores in the Scale of Vocal Loudness and Talkativeness were lower in the labor situation compared with the extra-labor situations. The variables length of professional experience as a preacher and extra-labor talkativeness and vocal loudness were also associated with knowledge about vocal health and hygiene. Conclusion Preachers show good knowledge about vocal health and hygiene but are at high risk of vocal disorders due to excessive use of talkativeness and vocal loudness in the work environment.

Neo-gerencialismo y austeridad en el contexto académico español y europeo. ¿Dos caras de la misma moneda?

El personal académico viene afrontando situaciones de vulnerabilidad y precariedad en el contexto español y europeo. Por un lado, la situación de crisis proporciona una justificación a los recortes en financiación para ciencia y universidades; por otro, la dinámica neo-gerencialista produce nuevas condiciones simbólicas y materiales basadas en la competitividad en la academia, previamente a la crisis. Este artículo aporta evidencias acerca de la situación laboral del profesorado universitario español en relación a ambas dinámicas, y analiza algunas diferencias de género. Para ello, en primer lugar, examinamos la dinámica neo-gerencialista y la dinámica de austeridad en el contexto académico europeo y español. En segundo lugar, mostramos la evolución numérica del profesorado en las universidades públicas españolas durante la última década, mediante un análisis de fuentes secundarias públicas distinguiendo categorías laborales y sexo. Los resultados muestran el descenso del personal funcionario (mayormente hombres) y el incremento del personal laboral con anterioridad a la implementación de las medidas de austeridad. Se mantiene un alto número de profesorado asociado apoyando una gran carga docente. El número de mujeres aumenta muy lentamente, estrechando la brecha de género en las etapas iniciales y medianas de las carreras académicas. En conclusión, las políticas de austeridad justifican y facilitan una implementación más rápida del modelo neoliberal de ciencia en España.

The youth emancipation in Spain: a socio-demographic analysis

This article presents a critical discussion of the socio-demographic factors which determine leaving parental home and provides new empirical evidence of gendered differences in leaving the parental home in Spain. The study is based on a subsample of young people 19 to 29 years old included in the Youth 2012 survey, which was carried out in Spain by the Youth Institute. Our findings address the importance of employment status, having a partner, and the labour situation to leave home among men. The most important factor affecting early residential leaving home among women seems to be the partnership (marriage or cohabitation), while employment status does not appear to be significant. Economic support from parents is negatively correlated with the odds of being living out of the parental home for both men and women.