Labor Market In Ukraine Research Articles

ОСВІТА, ОСВІТНІ ОРІЄНТАЦІЇ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА МОЛОДІ УКРАЇНИ НА ФОНІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ: СТАТИСТИЧНІ ТА СОЦІОЛОГІЧНІ ВИМІРИ

The article highlights one of the key problems of the interaction between education and the labour market – the current development of educational orientation and vocational training of young people in the context of nowadays trends in the development of the youth segment of the labour market in Ukraine. The issue is highlighted in the context of statistical and individual sociological measures in this area. The purpose of the study is to provide a statistical description of many different aspects of this process, reflecting the closest possible real picture of the current state and development of this educational field. On the basis of available statistics, empirical sociological studies on this issue, its sides were described as: general situational aspects and their tendencies; quantitative dynamics of development of educational institutions and subjects of educational activity; access to and coverage of education, its attractiveness and motivational aspects; professional preferences, youth satisfaction with education and employment prospects; interests and plans of young people for career development; problems of vocational education, educational migration. There was given a particular assessment of the features of the vocational education development in the context of the main problems. Based on this statistical and sociological description, there was drawn a conclusion on the situation in the field of vocational education in Ukraine, with the main problem of which being the low level of socio-economic development of Ukraine, which significantly influences the process of interpenetration of life goals, professional prospects of young people, on the one hand, and a transformative educational and professional system, on the other.

Modern problems of income and labor market distribution under inclusive growth

Introduction. The current state of income distribution and the particularities of the labor market is a key indicator in identifying opportunities for ensuring the country’s economic development and macroeconomic stability as a necessary basis for inclusive growth. In Ukraine, against the backdrop of an unbalanced economy, high unemployment, gender inequality, social stratification and increasing income inequality, the labor market needs to change the development vector, taking into account the demands of inclusive economic growth.Purpose. The purpose of our article is to investigate the state of distribution of population incomes and labor market features through the prism of an inclusive approach to economic growth and to identify basic principles for overcoming labor market imbalances, as well as to explore the key priorities of the Europe 2020 economic growth strategy. Methods. Based on the analysis of scientific-theoretical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of the labor market, income distribution, the essence of inclusive growth and international methods of assessment and calculation of the index of inclusive development, we applied a systematic approach using analytical, monographic, macroeconomic, economic and mathematical methods of studying this problem. Results. Today, in the labor market of Ukraine, there is a balanced demand for labor, which is reflected in a shortage of workers of specialties and excess supply of workers with higher education, and there is still unmet demand for vacancies, one of the reasons for the mismatch of requirements, the offered professions and the level of qualification available in employees. It is confirmed that the vector of inclusive development of the economy of Ukraine will help to overcome imbalances in the labor market, will become one of the factors of balanced development and will increase the standard of living of the population and reduce the income gap. Reducing the income gap as one of the main priorities of inclusive growth should be realized through improving the social policy of the state, ensuring structural transformations in the Ukrainian economy, establishing a real minimum wage and the size of the consumer basket, improving the monitoring of labor market forecasting and education the labor market in skilled labor and the expansion of opportunities for increasing the competitiveness of the workforce through the improvement of educational services. Discussion. The basic principles of inclusive development should be the principles of equal opportunities; the principle of justice for all; the principle of openness; the principle of inclusive solutions; the rule of law; the principle of inclusive democracy; principles of decent work and decent living standards; the principle of entrepreneurial activity for all; the principle of social cohesion; principle of being scientific. The subject of our further research is to identify the infrastructure functions of an inclusive labor market.

Potential of development of the professional (technical and vocational) educational services market in Ukraine

Potential of development of the professional (technical and vocational) educational services market in Ukraine

Urgent problems of employment and promotion of competitiveness for discharged military personnel in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the investigation of urgent problems concerning the employment and promotion of competitiveness for discharged military personnel in Ukraine. According to the results of sociological survey conducted by means of the author's tools, it is determined that significant number of respondents are characterized by recognition of risks of non-employment after active service expiration, lack of awareness of existing rights and guarantees in the labor market, low efficiency of public services in the sphere of employment and adaptation. It is determined that increase of competitiveness in Ukraine labor market for discharged military personnel requires modernization of technologies of state institutions activity related to the employment of the investigated category of citizens, search of additional funding sources, adaptation of discharged military personnel, providing them with free legal services on employment, active cooperation of the employment service with educational institutions, employers and other labor market entities, etc. The structural analysis of employment services in Ukraine, the United States and the Kingdom of Norway aimed at the improvement of discharged military personnel employment and increase of their competitiveness in the labor market of Ukraine, showed the need to create the department of social protection and employment of military personnel in the State Employment Service of Ukraine and to provide this department with the following functions: social adaptation, training and retraining in nondefense occupations and employment of discharged military personnel increasing competitiveness in the labor market of Ukraine and providing the opportunity for fast readjustment to civil life. This department will also provide better employment service work with discharged military personnel and reduce the risk of their unemployment, as well as decrease the percentage of unemployed in the labor market of Ukraine. The analysis showed that it is necessary to provide new functions to the State Employment Service in order to improve the work with job hunters, change the required control functions for the functions of employment assistance.

Стратегія забезпечення соціальної безпеки на ринку праці України: напрями розробки та реалізації

The article defines the directions of development and implementation of the strategy for ensuring social security in the labor market of Ukraine, taking into account the current state of the sphere of labor and employment. In particular, the main structural elements of the strategy are defined, including its purpose and objectives; subjects, object and subject matter; fundamental principles of strategy; characteristics and assessment of both external and internal threats to social security in the labor market (in particular, by means of SWOT analysis); criteria and indicators of social security in the labor market; priority directions, measures and mechanisms for ensuring social security in the labor market, taking into account its multilevelness. The author’s own vision of the concept of a multilevel strategy for ensuring social security in the labor market of Ukraine is substantiated and the priority directions of its implementation at the State level are characterized. Among the strategic priorities are defined the directions and measures of public policy that will contribute to the neutralization of major threats and negative phenomena at the national level. In particular, measures have been characterized that will contribute to the achievement of key goals for ensuring social security in the labor market: balance of its development; deshadowing of employment; reducing unemployment, primarily among the least competitive categories of the workforce – young people and older people; increase in the level of remuneration and labor incomes of the population. As result of the implementation of the proposed measures, it is expected to improve the state of social security in the labor market, which will have an expression in the growth of the level of balance of the labor market; reducing the scale of the manifestation of major threats to its development, including informal employment, the spread of unemployment, low level of real wages; as well as in ensuring the increase in income and welfare of the population of Ukraine.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОЯВИ НОВИХ ПРОФЕСІЙ НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ ПІСЛЯ СВІТОВОЇ ПАНДЕМІЇ

This scientific article examines the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on the country's economy in general and on the labor market of Ukraine in particular. An important and urgent issue is the prospect of the emergence of new professions that will be based on artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is reasonable that the main factor today is the penetration of digital technologies into all areas of society. The impact of digital transformation on the labor market situation is highlighted in detail, that is, an increase in demand for some professions and a significant reduction in others. The current professions at a given time, skills and competencies that are necessary in the world of digitalization are analyzed in particular in detail. The attention is focused on the fact that in Ukraine, which took part in the global digitalization processes, the global pandemic of 2020 sharply exacerbated the problems of insufficient state attention in this area. A significant place in the work is devoted to considering the impact of electronic technologies and the global Internet network on the emergence of new modern professions and remote employment, which in turn will lead to the reduction of office workers and managers. The phenomena of temporary professions and their relevance in the future are also highlighted. This article focuses on both the educational sphere and distance learning. The importance of improving and improving the qualifications of teachers of different levels in the field of IT technologies and computerization was emphasized. Reformatting of the learning process and the emergence of new professions in the field of education are relevant today. Based on the study of the impact of the pandemic on the world economy, the article highlights the directions and trends in new professions in the labor market in Ukraine, their role in the present and prospects for the future. It was proposed to develop and adopt a state strategy for the development of the labor market in Ukraine for the period 2021-2030, in which to foresee the emergence of possible professions, to lay the appropriate means for reorienting educational institutions, to develop appropriate platforms to create opportunities for remote work of the state apparatus, to develop measures to reduce unemployment by create new jobs online and step up work with the spread of Internet coverage of settlements in Ukraine.

Методичні засади статистичного аналізу ринку праці в Україні та роль HR-менеджменту в підвищенні якості кадрового потенціалу

The article discusses topical issues of peculiarities of labor market analysis in Ukraine, efficiency of use and improvement of quality of personnel potential at the enterprise. The article is aimed at forming the methodological principles of statistical analysis of the labor market in Ukraine and studying the role of HR management in improving the quality of personnel potential on the basis of the use of the formed system of indicators and a detailed analysis of the efficiency of work and selection of candidates at different enterprises and organizations. The necessity of analyzing the personnel potential of the enterprise is substantiated, which is due to the importance of identifying the conformity of the qualitative characteristics of the enterprise’s personnel to its labor system, as well as forecasting the possibility of expanding the potential of available workers. The peculiarities of application in HR management of HRM systems (human resources management system) and HRIS (human resources information system) are covered. The main functions of HR-information systems, such as identifying potential workers, maintaining accounts of available workers and creating programs for the development of talents and skills of personnel, have been defined and analyzed. The main tasks that HRIS systems help to solve are considered. For a statistical analysis of the quality of personnel potential and efficiency of HR management of the company in the sphere of recruitment, a system of statistical indicators was formed and proposed for use, the main indicators are the following: number of employees, turnover of personnel per year (per quarter), the average age of personnel in the company, the average duration of work in the company, etc. On the basis of international data, mechanisms for improving the model of selection of candidates are defined. In the course of statistical analysis of the labor market in Ukraine, on the basis of official data of the State Employment Service, the processes of selection of candidates were investigated, the number of unemployed by professional groups and the number of vacancies and the number of unemployed by types of economic activity were analyzed.

Alternative methodology for assessment of youth competitiveness in the labor market of Ukraine

Alternative methodology for assessment of youth competitiveness in the labor market of Ukraine

Вплив соціального підприємництва на ринок праці

Entrepreneurship, in its diversity of types and forms, is the basis for the development of socio-economic systems, and its impact on the labor market is crucial - from general economic and employment to social stratification through income differentiation. At the same time, the impact of social entrepreneurship is certainly much broader and stronger than the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Its unique role is to form a significant share of GDP, provide employment, including socially exclusive segments of the population, and target a large set of community problems. These features require a study of the impact of social entrepreneurship on the labor market of Ukraine in terms of global goals of sustainable development, which is the purpose of this article. In the course of the research the authors relied on the theoretical and methodological basis of social entrepreneurship, laid by the works of domestic scientists, documents in the field of sustainable development, legal and strategic documents of Ukraine, official statistics and used methods of statistical analysis. The hierarchy of sustainable development goals and their relationship with social entrepreneurship and the labor market are studied. Social entrepreneurship is defined as a specific type of entrepreneurial activity, with a social purpose and mission, which is aimed at solving problems and obtaining social, economic, innovative effects and effects of sustainability and scale. The dual nature of social entrepreneurship is defined, which, on the one hand, is aimed at solving the problems of humanity by achieving the goals of sustainable development, and on the other hand - is one of the areas described in them and which requires support. It is pointed out that social entrepreneurship has a much broader impact on the labor market than ordinary entrepreneurship. A descriptive model of the impact of social entrepreneurship on the labor market is proposed, identifying three types of impacts that depend on the delay in time. Based on the model of influence and the results of statistical analysis, the key directions of social entrepreneurship development are proposed: youth entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of persons of pre-retirement age; women's entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship of special categories of the population; entrepreneurship of labor re-emigrants. A promising area of further research is the development of a strategy for the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, taking into account the needs of the labor market.

Зарубіжний та Вітчизняний досвід підготовки фахівців сфери обслуговування

The article gives a selection of the best examples of domestic and foreign experience of training specialists for the service sector, in particular – restaurant business and tourism, their analysis and determination of dynamics and perspective directions of this training to ensure the labor market in Ukraine. It was found that the comparative study of normative documents and materials from the experience of countries with developed traditions of hospitality and travel – Great Britain, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, the USA and especially Turkey – confirms the need to revise the traditional approaches and technologies of training specialists in the field of service in Ukraine, taking into account features of the modern labor market (mobility, international integration, informativeness, conformity of training of specialists to high educational standards, etc.). It is determined that the preparation of specialists in hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine takes place at universities (aspects of management of the branch), colleges, technical colleges and colleges (mastering a profession by social profile) and at primary level, in lyceum classes or ZSO (mastering initial knowledge of service); but still has some disadvantages, which necessitate the analysis and application of the achievements of foreign experience in this field.

Youth unemployment in the system of social economic relations

Unemployment is a complex and socially acute macroeconomic problem. Youth unemployment in the current transformations of social and labor relations becomes especially relevant and requires a comprehensive study. Scientific understanding of the content and forms of youth unemployment is an important basis for developing practical measures to reduce it and effectively use the potential of youth in socio-economic development. The subject of the article is the phenomenon of youth unemployment, the aim is to reveal the features of modern youth unemployment in the current transformations of the labor market and develop practical measures to reduce it. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: the reasons for the tendency to increase youth unemployment in the context of digitalization of the economy; the basic forms in which there is youth unemployment are characterized; the structure of youth unemployment is analyzed; the main directions of overcoming unemployment due to the improvement of youth policy in the labor market are proposed. To solve these problems, the following research methods were used: general scientific foundations and fundamental provisions of economic theory, interdisciplinary approach to a more meaningful disclosure of the unemployment category, behavioral scientific approach used to explain the behavior of young people in the labor market. The results of the study are: substantiation of the institutional imperfection of the labor market, which creates contradictions in the system of youth unemployment; characteristics of social exclusion of youth and other negative trends in the labor market in Ukraine. Conclusions. Ways to minimize youth unemployment through the formation of an innovative model of social and labor relations, the cultivation of inclusive institutions and active youth policy of the state are substantiated.

ІННОВАЦІЙНА ПРАЦЯ ТА ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЯ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ

The key task of ensuring growth of the state's digital economy is a stimulation of innovations. There is still a gap in innovation mentality and institutional commitment to foster innovations, despite the fact that the country has built an infrastructure for innovations. The lack of qualified personnel to promote innovations, the shortage of professionals at all levels, and the lack of incentives for innovative work hinders the development of the state's innovation market. The aim of this article is to define the essence of the concepts of "innovative work", "digitalization" and the specifics of the labor market's transformations and employment in Ukraine with respect to the impact of digital technologies. In the conducted research we used a few scientific theoretical methods such as system analysis (to clarify the main categories of research), logical abstract method (to apply theoretical generalizations and conclusions on the transformation of the labor market and assess the impact of digitalization on the labor force) and graphical method (to represent visually Ukrainian employment and its structure). We provided an interpretation of the "digitalization" concept and its innovative impact on the labor market in Ukraine. It is clarified that digitalization provides the society a full access to digital infrastructure and high-quality public and social services. We studied the influence of digitalization on the labor market, changes in working conditions and employment changes as well as we investigated the required skills of modern workers. We found that the employment growth in the Ukrainian labor market did not always correlate with the increases of GDP growth rates. Additionally, we investigated the structure of employment of the state's population according to various criteria. There was observed a gradual growth of the service sector share in the structure of the country's GDP as well as the shares of professional, scientific and technical industries, including the information and telecommunication technologies sectors. At the same time, the state's investments into the research and development activities and its labor force have been significantly decreased recently and it certainly reduced the competitiveness of Ukrainian innovation market. We defined the requirements to innovative work which are fostered by development of digital technologies. Finally, we justified the necessity to invest in training and education of the state's personnel with the aim of developing their digital competencies

Pandemic of covid-19 as key impact factor on labor market in Ukraine

Pandemic of covid-19 as key impact factor on labor market in Ukraine

Professional gender segregation in the labor market of Ukraine

Professional gender segregation in the labor market of Ukraine

Професійна гендерна сегрегація на ринку праці України

Професійна гендерна сегрегація на ринку праці України

Evaluation of Social Security Level on the Labor Market of Ukraine and Directions of its Implementation

The need of ensuring of social security on the labor market of Ukraine in the context of principle of social equality is identified, the comprehensive rating assessment of key indicators of efficiency of the labor market in the regional dimension using the author’s approach is conducted in the article. In particular, among the main indicators of labor market efficiency were: indicators of the level of economic activity and employment of the population, the level of economic activity and employment of the working population, the level of unemployment, the average number of employees, the average wage, and the index of real wages. The main directions of crisis management on the labor market, taking into account the need to create an effective social security mechanism are substantiated in the results of research, including: ensuring of interaction of the labor market and the education services market by stimulating employers to cooperate with higher education institutions and forming a system of joint events with the aim of training highly qualified specialists and their further employment; introduction of the practice of financial encouragement of enterprises for the admission of young specialists – graduates of educational institutions (providing grants); tax benefits for youth employment enterprises; development of non-standard and innovative forms of employment (experience of Denmark and the Netherlands in combining labor market flexibility with non-standard forms of employment to address the unemployment problem); information assistance on setting up and running a business, training of internally displaced persons, retraining and professional development; raising social standards, reforming the pension system and improving the mechanism of social protection, especially for socially vulnerable groups; monitoring and control of poverty and income levels. It were determined that in order to improve the situation and neutralization of regional disparities, it is necessary to formulate an effective state policy, which will take into account not only the direct but also indirect factors of influence on the labor market, as well as provide an opportunity to improve the employment status and well-being of the population of Ukraine.. Keywords social security; labor market; social equality; employment; unemployment; economic activity of the population; rating.

NEURAL NETWORK FORECASTING OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE BY TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

The article examines new approaches to labor market regulation, in particular, research and forecasting labor supply and demand by type of economic activity. And it is also investigated that the imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market is observed in almost all types of economic activity. Has been established significance of the influence of seasonal factor on the processes of economic activity of the population. Using neural networks, obtained the predictive values of employment and unemployment in the labor market of Ukraine by types of economic activity based on data from the State Employment Service. Keywords: labor market, employment, unemployment, forecasting, neural network, management.

Problems and Trends of the Development of Labor Market in Ukraine

The article discusses mechanisms and models of state regulation of the labor market in Ukraine. The system of relations in the labor market is one of the most urgent directions of the socio-economic link of the state. The greatest influence on a state and dynamics of development of labor market provide socio-economic factors. The purpose of article is the research and assessment of the Ukrainian labor market, determine the socio-economic conditions for its development. It was noted not high position in a number of international rankings, a much higher level of remuneration in European countries than in Ukraine in recent years. It was analyzed the tendencies of labor migration of Ukrainian citizens under the conditions of European integration. Key problems in the development of the labor market in Ukraine include: low level of unemployment regulation, lack of clear structure of the labor market, insufficient number of jobs, lack of mechanisms for regulating the labor market, etc. It was investigated the main foreign models of regulation of employment and the labor market. It was considered the creation of a migration labor exchange to solve the problems of employment of Ukrainian citizens abroad. The implementation of this program will bring back into the labor market able-bodied unemployed citizens who already long time cannot find work in Ukraine and reduce the abuse associated with the shadow economy that does not declare their income. It was established that the effectiveness of solving the problems of the labor market and employment are substantially caused by state regulation. There are given the main directions of ensuring the efficiency of state management of the labor market of Ukraine on the basis of the conducted research of problems and tendencies of development, foreign experience. The directions include flexible employment policies at the national and regional levels, improving the system of continuing vocational education, creating appropriate legislation, promoting the development of the national economy and legalizing shadow employment.

Comparative Analysis of Current Trends in Wage Dynamics in Ukraine and in the European Union

The purpose of the current research is the systematic analysis of the current state of the labor market in Ukraine in the context of the regional wage formation. Detailed literature reviews indicated lack of research on wage dynamics in Ukraine, which determines the relevance of the conducted study. During the research, the following methods have been used: general scientific methods of system analysis and synthesis; generalization, systematization, and grouping of data; modern statistical and mathematical instruments, in particular, methods of the system dynamics. Study results. The comprehensive empirical assessment of the wage dynamics revealed the presence of the significant gap in the labor market development between Ukraine and European countries. Similar findings were also confirmed by the estimation and realization of the elaborated system dynamic model of the Ukrainian labor market. Overall, there are several possible explanations of the occurred regional wage divergence in the labor market. On the one hand, it may be caused by the huge variation in housing costs between regions. The cost of living in metropolitan areas, innovation centers and business areas are much higher than in the periphery in Ukraine. On the other hand, not all factors are appeared to be mobile across regions. Moreover, it was also interesting to analyze structural changes in employment across all Ukrainian regions. Calculation of the CSC correlation value indicated that Ukrainian regions have experienced different scale of structural shifts in employment affected by macroeconomic and financial instability. Conclusions. An empirical assessment of the wage dynamics over the years and testing of the wage convergence hypothesis showed that EU members demonstrate income converging pattern: those with the lowest initial net income level (Romania, Bulgaria, Baltic states, Hungary, etc.) demonstrated the highest growth rate in wages. In contrary, regional wage analysis revealed that in Ukraine the highest growth rates are presented in the most industrially developed regions, such as Kyiv, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Luhansk (before ATO), Mykolaiv, etc. Such the pattern is called wage divergence and it is not a favorable phenomenon in the context of the sustainable regional development of the country. This trend only exacerbates existing internal imbalances in the regional development of Ukraine: highly developed regions and agglomeration continue to develop at a rapid pace, while the periphery is in a situation of economic and demographic stagnation. Consequently, the main goals of the state policy in the field of labor market stabilization should be enhancing wage bargaining by efficient activity of the trade unions; advanced revision of the tax legislation in order to formalize the shadow share of the labor market; the reduction of unemployment through the efficient use of labor resources and the creation of new jobs, which will favorably contribute to the country’s economic growth in the future.Article received 10.04.2019

Development of a method for forming a positive image of companies in the labor market of Ukraine

The object of research is the process of forming the image policy of enterprises in the labor market of Ukraine. One of the most problematic places of research is the theoretical justification and development of organizational and methodological recommendations on the process of forming the image policy of an enterprise in the labor market to attract potential employees.A review of publications devoted to the peculiarities of forming the image policy of enterprises in Ukraine shows that in order to successfully solve the problem of purposefully forming a positive image of an enterprise on the Ukrainian labor market, it is necessary:– a thorough analysis of the external and internal conditions of the enterprise’s activity;– development of image formation goals and justification of ways and means to achieve them.A methodological approach to the formation of a positive image of the enterprise on the labor market in the form of a sequence of stages and a set of methods is proposed. The difference from the well-known schemes of the image policy formation process is the reflection in the formation of the image policy of the constancy and continuity of this process. Long-term provision of the organization with human resources is one of the promising tasks for a modern enterprise, especially with a shortage of highly qualified personnel in the labor market. The principles of forming the internal image are highlighted: the principle of congruency, the principle of unity of command and standardization, the principle of compliance.To simulate the process of forming a positive image, a model for forming the image of an enterprise in the labor market is proposed. The basic elements of forming the image policy of the enterprise on the labor market for the various stages of cooperation with the corporation are given. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of image formation in the labor market in four areas: analytical, production, information and management.Further research is planned to be carried out as part of the assessment of the effectiveness of the use of visual and verbal means of forming the image of the enterprise, which can be reflected in the form of a passport of the image of the enterprise. The passport should be based on an assessment of the presence in the personnel policy of a particular enterprise of the basic components that form a positive or negative image of the enterprise in the labor market.