Labor Market In Ukraine Research Articles

Employment of young people with disabilities: The potential of social partnership of universities, municipalities and the labor market of Ukraine.

This study analyzed the existing global experience of university and labor market partnerships concerning the employment of youth with disabilities. It was found that current cooperation models are implemented locally, in a fragmented manner, and are limited to interactions between universities and large enterprises. The research aimed to explore the current state of meeting the needs of students with disabilities in terms of providing educational services and employment opportunities and to analyze the interaction between universities, municipalities, and the labor market to improve employment opportunities for young people with disabilities. The study considered a survey of three target groups from different regions of Ukraine (105 students with disabilities, 321 university faculty members, and 102 enterprise managers) conducted to study the current state of needs satisfaction in providing educational services and employing people with disabilities. The findings indicated a lack of coordination among stakeholders, an absence of systematization, and organization in addressing the issue of improving the employment of youth with disabilities. The research enabled the identification of existing and desired connections between the subjects of social partnership. A social partnership model between universities, municipalities, and the labor market was developed to improve the employment of youth with disabilities. The study results are promising, as implementing the social partnership model will broadly impact society.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНКЛЮЗИВНОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. In the conditions of war, Ukraine faces numerous challenges that affect the socio-economic situation and the functioning of the labor market. At the same time, the formation of an inclusive labor market, which is able to provide equal opportunities for all citizens, including vulnerable groups of the population, which will contribute to social cohesion and economic stability of the country, becomes particularly relevant. This requires the formation of conceptual approaches to the creation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of wartime and the challenges facing the country. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in wartime conditions based on the identification of the main challenges for attracting vulnerable population groups to the labor market and the development of ways to overcome them in order to ensure the social and economic stability of the state. Methods. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, which includes the analysis of scientific literature, regulatory and legal framework and statistical data. The research uses methods of comparative analysis to determine barriers in the labor market, a systematic approach to determine the conceptual foundations of inclusiveness, and a method of logical generalization to determine practical ways to solve the identified problems. Results. The article identifies the need for the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine in the conditions of war, when socio-economic instability affects access to employment for various population groups. The main barriers to the participation of vulnerable population groups in the labor market, including veterans, internally displaced persons, people with disabilities, youth and women, have been identified. The analysis of the modern legal framework showed that there is currently a shortage of state support tools for their employment. The importance of cooperation between the state, business and the public sector to create equal employment opportunities has been proven. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an inclusive labor market are defined: implementation of professional retraining programs, development of social entrepreneurship and adaptation of workplaces. The need for the formation of a state policy aimed at ensuring equal access to the labor market for all population groups and strengthening the economic stability of Ukraine has been proven. Conclusions. The importance of the formation of an inclusive labor market in Ukraine as a key element of socio-economic stability in the conditions of war has been proven. The proposed conceptual principles ensure the expansion of opportunities for vulnerable population groups, the reduction of unemployment and the increase of social cohesion.

ПРОБЛЕМА ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ ТА БЕЗРОБІТТЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС

The article examines the issues of employment and unemployment of the population in wartime. The essence of the concept of employment and unemployment has been defined in accordance with the current legislation. An analysis of the economically active population of Ukraine and Khmelnytskyi region was carried out according to the data of the State Statistics Service. The dynamics of labor force indicators by age categories in terms of division by gender in Ukraine as a whole and in the Khmelnytskyi region were studied. The results of the calculations showed slight differences in the indicators of Ukraine and Khmelnytskyi region in percentage terms. Negative trends in the labor market of Ukraine with a decrease in the indicators of the workforce and employed population and an increase in the number of persons classified as unemployed and persons not included in the labor force were noted. The indicators of the labor market of Ukraine during the period of the full-scale invasion are presented and analyzed based on the results of sociological research. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of measures to increase employment of the population in war and post-war times. Unemployment and employment of the population are an integral part of human life. In the conditions of the pre-war period, the issue of unemployment was the main problem of the labor market, therefore, a number of state support programs were created to overcome unemployment in Ukraine. During the war, the issue of unemployment only worsened. The results of the study of the dynamics of indicators of the economic activity of the population of Ukraine in general and Khmelnytskyi region, in particular, proved the similarity of the indicators of the economically active population of Ukraine and Khmelnytskyi region. According to the "labor force" indicator, there is a slight difference in the decrease in the number of the labor force in Ukraine and in the Khmelnytskyi region. According to the "employed population" category, there is an advantage of the reduction of this indicator in the Khmelnytskyi region over the indicator in Ukraine. According to the category of the unemployed population, there is a preponderance of the decrease in the number of unemployed in the Khmelnytskyi region over the indicators in Ukraine in the extreme periods of the study. Sociological surveys play an important role in labor market research. They help to find out the real state of economic activity of the country's population. The data of a complex sociological study reflect an increase in the number of the unemployed population by almost three times compared to the pre-war period. This increase was due to external and internal migrations of the population of Ukraine, closure of businesses and the inability of the population to work in a certain territory of Ukraine. However, business is starting to recover and the number of unemployed people is decreasing every month. In the western part of Ukraine, there is an increase in the equation of competition for a vacant position. A high level of unemployment is observed in the southern and eastern parts of Ukraine. In order to improve the situation on the labor market of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods, it is necessary to develop a strategy for motivating the employment of the population of Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN TRENDS IN LABOUR MARKET TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE

The article examines the main aspects of transforming the labor market in Ukraine in the context of the destructive impact of the war and the associated economic instability. The primary factors affecting the labor market, such as migration processes, changes in the structure of employment, digitization of the economy, and the introduction of the latest technologies, are considered. The consequences of military operations on the transformation of the labor market are analyzed. Current trends in the demand for new professions, demographic changes, and the impact of state regulatory policy on employment support are explored. The prospects for developing the labor market in the context of Ukraine's European integration and the potential for increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian workers in the European labor market are determined. The necessity of enhancing the adaptability of the workforce to modern challenges and optimizing state employment programs to ensure sustainable economic development of the country in the future has been demonstrated.

The impact of mass migration on the demographic situation and the labor market in Ukraine

The impact of migration on the country’s demographic status is particularly significant in the context of the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The purpose of the academic paper is to assess the interrelation between migration processes and the demographic situation in Ukraine, and the social relations arising from migration processes in Ukraine and resulting in changes in the demographic situation in Ukraine are the objects of the research. The following methods were used in the research: analysis, synthesis, generalization and formal logical method. The academic paper raises significant issues regarding the impact of a full-scale invasion on migration processes and the demographic structure of the population in Ukraine. It is stated that the causes of migration processes can be divided by date – the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine. The reasons outlined have led to a change in demographic indicators in terms of gender and age indicators of the population in Ukraine. The academic paper also analyzes the Strategy of the State Migration Policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2025 in order to determine whether it contains state mechanisms and tools to improve the demographic situation. The scientific novelty is the author’s proposal to develop a Plan for the mutual influence of migration and demographic policies of the state in order to improve the latter.

LABOUR MARKET IN UKRAINE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A YEAR OF FULL-SCALE WAR

The main purpose of this research article is a comprehensive study of the transformational impact of a full-scale war on the labour market, with a special focus on the challenges posed by labour force dynamics in the context of the Ukrainian economy. Through rigorous analysis and empirical research, the paper aims to identify and highlight the multifaceted changes that occur in the labour market during conflict, shedding light on the complex relationship between war-induced factors and the composition of the labour force. By examining these dynamics, the paper aims to make a valuable contribution to policy and strategic decision-making aimed at mitigating the negative effects of war on the labour market, which will ultimately contribute to sustainable economic recovery and development after the conflict ends. Methodology. This research article uses secondary analysis of data from the State Employment Service, as well as the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The practical implementation of the conclusions outlined in this article involves the formulation of targeted recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of state policy on the labour market in Ukraine, in particular, with a focus on the restoration of human resources in the post-conflict period. Drawing on the findings of a comprehensive analysis of war-induced labour market changes, these practical recommendations aim to offer actionable strategies for policy makers and stakeholders. Emphasising the need for rapid and adaptive interventions, the authors call for evidence-based decision-making to address the identified challenges. The practical implementation of these recommendations aims to guide the development and implementation of policies that will not only mitigate the immediate impact of the war on the labour market, but also contribute to the long-term sustainability and stability of the Ukrainian labour force. Value/Originality. Current trends in the labour market are analysed. The main threats to the labour market of Ukraine and the impact on the supply and demand of labour under martial law are identified. The author proposes to regulate the professional and qualification imbalance in the labour market through the system of advanced training or retraining of employees seeking employment in a profession in demand in the economy; spreading new forms of employment and supporting self-employment; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent conditions and remuneration.

Development of agricultural competences as a priority factor of the sustainable development of Ukraine’s economy

Statement of the problem and its relevance. The intensification of crisis phenomena in the modern labor market in Ukraine is characterized by the insufficient level and number of specialists in the agricultural sector trained by the higher education system, the strengthening of the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor in Ukraine and abroad, large-scale destruction and risks, low labor efficiency and an insufficient and unstable level its payments in the agricultural sector. The current state, problems, and prospects of strengthening agro-economic competencies are studied. The purpose of providing modern educational services is to train future personnel capable of managing a modern enterprise based on environmental friendliness and circularity, to carry out the production and sale of environmentally safe food products that meet the needs of consumers, considering force majeure circumstances, changes in the culture of consumption and projected needs for strengthening the sustainability of business processes for future generations. Education for sustainable development requires the immediate development and implementation of a comprehensive program of continuous training and education of students in ecology, environmental protection, and rational nature management. Recently, as a result of the war, Ukraine has suffered significant losses of economic, ecological, social, and educational potential. This hurt the socio-economic indicators of the country's development, living standards, and population size. Changes to the legislation on several educational measures for adapting young people to new conditions and post-war reconstruction are proposed, and the main elements and competencies adapted to the modern risk conditions of economic development in the agrarian sphere are substantiated. Ukrainian agriculture can realize significant potential only by training young people with a high moral and ethical level who share the world values of sustainable development and care for the environment, an environment important for full entry into the global food market. Knowledge is of excellent importance for recovery and further sustainable socio-economic development in the information society's formation conditions. Their formation takes place as a result of the educational sector fulfilling its mission of socio-economic upliftment. Keywords: sustainable development, agrarian education, competitiveness, sustainable development strategies, post-war competences of the growth of the agro-industrial sector, efficiency of agricultural enterprises, modernization of institutions of higher agrarian education, agrarian economy.

DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCLUSIVE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

The article examines the modern determinants of the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine, which are determined by a complex of specific factors that affect the process of integration of people from socially vulnerable population groups. It has been proven that one of the key components of the inclusive labor market are socio-economic conditions that form the foundation for the development of an inclusive economy. It was determined that the degree of economic development, the level of unemployment and the availability of financial resources directly affect the formation of an inclusive labor market. In addition, an important role in the formation of an inclusive environment is also played by legal regulation, including the interaction of national public administration bodies with the international labor organization. It has been proven that normative acts aimed at protecting the rights of socially vulnerable persons create the necessary conditions for their active participation in economic activity on the labor market. It was determined that the development and improvement of such normative legal acts is a strategic task for ensuring the sustainable development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine. Socio-cultural factors that determine society's attitude towards socially vulnerable persons and shape openness and tolerance in the working environment are considered. It was determined that an effective policy of differentiation and acceptance of diversity can contribute to the creation of a positive climate for inclusive employment, promoting the development of diverse talents and skills among employees in order to strengthen the relevance of their qualifications to the demands of employers. It has been proven that educational opportunities for persons with disabilities play a key role in their integration into the inclusive labor market. It was found that the system of providing high-quality education and professional training, as well as the implementation of special support programs in general, contribute to the growth of the competitiveness of this group of workers in the labor market. It was determined that organizational aspects, such as the creation of specialized employment centers, functional support of enterprises that implement inclusive practices, as well as the development of corporate responsibility, contribute to the effective solution of the problems of integration of socially vulnerable persons in the field of work. It is proved that all the mentioned determinants are closely interrelated and interact with each other, forming a complex system of factors that influence the development of the inclusive labor market in Ukraine.

Deshadowing of the labor market as a component for provision of state social security

Methods. During the research, a set of general scientific and specific methods of cognition were used, in particular: methods of logical generalization and scientific abstraction – to clarify the conceptual apparatus of the research; systematic analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction – to identify the specifics of the influence of labor market trends on the state of shadowization of the economy of Ukraine, to identify threats to national security, as well as to systematize the directions of shadowization of the labor market in Ukraine. Results. The main causes of the shadow labor market in Ukraine are analyzed. The features of informal employment are outlined and the threats to the economic security of the country, which are caused by the development and increase in the volume of informal employment, are determined. The main vectors of actions in the policy of deshadowing of the labor market are highlighted. It is well-founded that the state should facilitate the legalization of informal employment in the country, encourage formal employment, regulate the issue of deshadowing the economy, ensure the dominance of the official labor market. Attention is focused on the deshadowing of the labor market as a priority task of the government in view of the emergence of such problems as illegal use of labor, concealment of real incomes, ignoring the conclusion of labor contracts and the development of wages in the form of «payment in envelopes». It was determined that the state policy of deshadowing the labor market should contain two mutually agreed components: administrative and motivational. It was established that the most effective measures of the authorities should be: establishment of clear control over compliance with labor legislation, prevention of manifestations of informal employment and payment of shadow wages, strengthening of responsibility for violations in this area. Among the main tasks, the reduction of the tax burden, balancing the demand and supply of labor force, focusing on the development of small entrepreneurship and others have been identified as the most important. A set of measures aimed at the deshadowing of the labor market in Ukraine is outlined, the need for coordinated activity and cooperation of authorities in terms of reducing and legalizing informal employment in Ukraine is substantiated. Novelty. A set of measures for the deshadowing of the labor market in Ukraine has been determined, the implementation of which will ensure the creation of conditions for raising the standards of decent work as a basis for legalizing labor relations and increasing wages by overcoming the contradiction between a high level of human capital development and an insufficient level of social capital. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the process of carrying out the policy of economic deshadowing as a component of Ukraine's national security.

Üzleti kilátások értékelése Ukrajna autóiparában: nemzeti és regionális vonatkozások

The study examines development trends and business perspectives in the automotive industry of Ukraine and particularly in Transcarpathia. The trends of the labor market in Ukraine have been identified, the state of migration processes, the level of unemployment in the regions of Ukraine have been assessed. The results of a comparative analysis of the level of the minimum wage in Ukraine in terms of regions, categories and positions are presented. The standard salary of back-office workers and management in the automotive sector was studied. The evolution of the regulatory and legal provision of state regulation of the development of the automobile industry in Ukraine is traced. Radical changes in the state policy of the development of the automotive industry of Ukraine were revealed: from constant support of car manufacturers and stimulation of car production to bureaucratic barriers, obstacles and existing risks and threats. It is stated that since 2014, Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has led to a significant decline in the car industry. The effectiveness of the activities of the largest automotive industry companies in Zakarpattia Oblast was studied for the period 2018-2022. The financial indicators chosen for analysis were the capital-to-asset ratio, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net profit margin (NPM). A conclusion was made about the positive trend of increasing the volume of activity and improving the financial stability and profitability of companies over the past 5 years. From the point of view of investors, the most attractive is Eurocar, which demonstrates positive dynamics of the indicator and has the highest value of ROE among the selected companies at the end of 2022, namely 19.6%. Proximity to the border with the EU, cheap labor and sufficient raw materials make the western oblasts of Ukraine especially attractive for partnership with European auto giants. The need to create an automobile cluster in the region was emphasized.

Інноваційні аспекти багатосуб’єктного управління програмами соціального захисту

The article is devoted to the search for innovative ways of updating the management mechanisms of social protection programs. The theoretical basis for substantiating the management model as a whole is an interdisciplinary theoretical-methodological basis, founded on the fundamental tenets of the concepts of social protection, social justice, social involvement, as well as high-level management theories (governance theories). The hypothesis of the research, which became the reason for writing this article, was the assumption that the complexity and multidimensionality of the social sphere needs to be provided by an appropriate multidimensional model of management. It is this kind of multidimensional (or multi-subject) management, using modern innovative approaches, that seems to give advantages and increase the effectiveness of social programs. The purpose of this article is to develop methodological principles for building an innovative model of social program implementation, based on the principles of multi-subject management, aimed at achieving a balanced distribution of powers and responsibilities of interested subjects of various levels and their inclusive interaction. To substantiate the main theses and conclusions of the article, a complex of analytical methods was used, including synthesis and analysis of available sources of information, logical framework analysis of problems and their possible solutions, the method of comparisons and analogies for adapting existing experience to real conditions in Ukraine. As examples of successful implementation of social programs and projects based on multi-subject management, the experience of implementation of EU programs, as well as the relevant experience of some countries of North and South America, was used. The article offers the author’s interpretation of the essence of multi-subject management in the field of social protection and develops its basic three-dimensional model. The analysis of many sources of information made it possible to propose general innovative mechanisms for implementing the principles of multi-level management, namely those related to the information support of the management process. Based on the assessment of the current situation on the labor market of Ukraine, the prospects for its development, a set of expected problems that will need to be solved is formulated and a list of specific measures and mechanisms is proposed that will ensure the effective interaction of various management entities in the process of implementing support programs for the unemployed and individuals who are looking for work. Particular emphasis is placed on the aspects of inclusive management, and in this regard, proposals regarding the mechanism of involving the unemployed and employers in the management process are considered in more detail.

СТАН РИНКУ ПРАЦІ ТА МОТИВАЦІЯ ПЕРСОНАЛУ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

In the article, the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and employee motivation are analyzed, existing problems regarding these issues are identified, and ways to address them are outlined. Materials prepared by the Razumkov Center, administrative data from the State Employment Service, data from recruitment agencies and job search resources, as well as information from the European Business Association, and the results of surveys of HR specialists from various sectors of the country's economy were used for the analysis of the Ukrainian labor market in wartime conditions. Based on the works of Kolot A.M., Nazarova G.V., and others, the practical significance of increasing work motivation in crisis conditions is revealed. The interest of scholars and researchers in the chosen topic confirms its relevance and the need for further analysis. The following methods were used for the analysis of the labor market and work motivation: mass statistical observation, comparative and abstract-logical methods to formulate conclusions and proposals. As a result of the research, the authors concluded that the labor market in Ukraine has undergone significant influences in wartime conditions, significantly altering its structure and dynamics. Currently, it is characterized by the following specific features: instability and uncertainty, rising unemployment, changes in the sectoral structure, mass migration of labor force from Ukraine abroad, increased demand due to military needs for specialists in defense and medical fields, etc. Identifying current problems in the Ukrainian labor market allows identifying ways to stabilize it, including rapid restoration of destroyed objects, creation of new jobs, providing support to the unemployed and displaced persons, as well as implementing retraining, qualification improvement programs and work motivation to ensure population adaptation to changed conditions. Measures to stabilize the labor market and increase work motivation in wartime conditions are of great importance both for the effectiveness of solving military tasks and for supporting stability and development in all areas of the country's life.

Дефіцит робочої сили в Україні: причини та шляхи подолання

The publication examines and analyzes the main factors of deterioration of the situation in the labor market of Ukraine and focuses on the problem of labor force shortage in conditions of imbalance and uncertainty in the labor market. The subject of the research is the tendency of transition from the excess supply of labor force along with high unemployment, which has formed in the labor market of Ukraine, to the high level of unsatisfied demand for vacancies, which numerous experts assess as a shortage of labor force. The aim of the article is to determine the nature of the problem, causes, degree of acuteness, prospects for development and measures to overcome. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the shortage of labor force as a local phenomenon that has the character of a tendency that is constantly present in the Ukrainian labor market in various quantitative values, individual professional niches and territories. From the methodological point of view, the demand for labor force is analyzed in correlation with the dynamics of tension in the labor market, and in empirical terms, the basis for its study was the information selected according to special criteria from various organizations that are constantly engaged in the recruitment of personnel in the labor market or comparative analyses of labor demand and supply. A comprehensive study of the labor market of Ukraine is carried out and numerous evidences are provided that the labor force shortage, which has been formed for several years under the influence of objective and subjective reasons and exacerbated during the wartime, is threatening, while the country has considerable untapped labor reserves. A set of signs of the real presence of a shortage of labor force has been identified and substantiated. The possibilities and actual ways to overcome the imbalances between the demand for labor force and its supply are shown. In the context of identifying the causes of the labor force shortage, the sources of possible coverage of the personnel shortage have been identified. It is concluded that the key factors in covering the personnel shortage are the reserve sources of labor, considered by the authors according to three aspects: factors of formation, professional structure, and efficiency of use.

РИНОК ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ВИРІШЕННЯ

The study focuses on the changes in the structure of employment, unemployment rates, migration processes, as well as on the analysis of qualification requirements and skills that have changed under martial law. This will allow developing recommendations for the government, business, and educational institutions on effective strategies for adapting the labor market to new realities, ensuring employment stability, and stimulating the country's economic recovery. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze the impact of crisis factors on the Ukrainian labor market, identify the main problems and trends that have arisen as a result of the war, and develop ways to address them. The results of the study show that the Ukrainian labor market has proved to be particularly sensitive to the changes caused by the hostilities that began in 2022. During this period, there was a pronounced reduction in the number of jobs, especially in non-budget sectors, and a rapid increase in unemployment. A significant decline in the number of employees was recorded in various industries, including the construction and real estate sectors. In contrast, some industries, such as agriculture, showed greater resilience, maintaining stable employment levels. Employers face challenges in recruiting staff, pointing to a lack of qualified candidates and their inadequate training. Among the key trends observed in the labor market in 2022-2023 are the growing demand for universal competencies, the importance of English language proficiency and artificial intelligence skills. The development of remote work has also become a significant factor affecting the employment and recruitment processes. In general, the labor market in Ukraine shows the ability to adapt and recover from the military turmoil, but continues to face a number of challenges that require focused attention and strategic intervention from the government, business, and educational institutions. This study aims to identify the key problems faced by the Ukrainian labor market and suggest possible solutions, which is important for the country's further economic recovery and development.

Modern aspects of the labor market functioning in Ukraine: problems and solutions

The article analyzes the main trends and problems of the labor market in the conditions of transformational processes taking place in the country's economy. In particular, attention is focused on the high level of unemployment, the uneven distribution of the labor force between regions, the outflow of qualified personnel abroad, and the imbalance between demand and supply in the labor market. The authors examine the impact of global crisis phenomena, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and war, on structural changes in employment and wages. The work identifies key problems that limit the effective functioning of the labor market, including low wages, insufficient adaptation of the education system to the needs of the market. Special attention was paid to the problem of increasing the level of employment of IDPs, encouraging IDPs to open their businesses or self-employment based on microcredit, grants, training in entrepreneurial skills and consulting, an analysis of key factors affecting the employment of IDPs was carried out, as well as state support programs that stimulate the relocation of enterprises from dangerous regions to safer ones, will allow saving jobs and avoiding the reduction of production capacities. The authors offer several ways to solve the outlined problems, including raising the level of social standards, stimulating small and medium-sized businesses, introducing effective state employment programs, etc. The need for retraining, training in new professions and adaptation to market requirements is indicated. The article examines the role of international cooperation in solving migration problems. The authors also drew attention in the article to the fact that employers are forced to offer comprehensive packages that satisfy both financial and non-financial needs. Although salary remains an important factor in today's conditions, candidates are increasingly paying attention to other aspects: opportunities for training, career growth, vacations, work environment, corporate culture. The authors proposed several strategic steps that can help stabilize and develop the labor market. Thus, the article highlights a comprehensive approach to the analysis of modern challenges in the labor market of Ukraine and offers recommendations for its stabilization and further development.

Монетарні впливи на ринок праці в умовах невизначеності

The aim of the article is to study the features of the impact of monetary policy on the domestic labor market during the wartime. The main trends in the labor market of Ukraine both before the full-scale invasion of the russian federation and under martial law are determined. The indicators of official statistics on the number of unemployed are studied, assumptions about the real level of this indicator are made, and short-term trends in the revival of registration of persons in the employment center as unemployed or job seekers are predicted. The impact of the bank rate policy pursued by the central bank on employment of the population has been proved. It is determined that the overall impact of changes in the bank rate in the country depends on the ratio between small and large enterprises, as well as on the share of employees with high and low levels of education. Reserve requirements for banking institutions are mentioned as a monetary instrument for influencing the labor market. It is emphasized that one of the main obstacles to doing business in wartime is the lack of working capital. It is calculated that in the structure of loans granted by the banks of Ukraine, the dominant value (more than 70%) belongs to economic entities. Considerable attention is paid to business lending (including within the framework of the state program «Affordable Loans at 5-7-9%») as a prerequisite for the creation of new jobs. The problems of growth in the volume of non-performing loans during the wartime are considered. The catastrophic position of Ukraine in the ranking of countries by the level of NPLs in the total volume of loans issued, compiled according to the World Bank data, is underlined. The trends in the level of NPLs in Ukraine before the full-scale invasion and the reasons for the growth in the volume of non-performing loans in 2022–2023 are analyzed. It is proved that the high cost of credit resources limits the availability of working capital in business and forces it to optimize wage costs, which leads to a decrease in the level of remuneration and reduction of jobs. It is substantiated that the monetary aspects of the influence on the preservation of the labor potential of the nation acquire special importance during the war.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯРИНКУПРАЦІУ СІЛЬСЬКОМУ ГОСПОДАРСТВІ УКРАЇНИВУМОВАХВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

Abstract. The article examines the problems of the deterioration of the Ukrainian labor market in rural areas during the implementation of martial law, analyzes the main changes that have taken place in the labor market, develops proposals for improving the state regulation of the labor market and directions for its stabilization.Today, in Ukraine, an important factor is the formation of the national market, based on the economic characteristics of the industry and taking into account the international experience of markets, in particular the labor market in rural areas.The peculiarities of the labor market in rural areas, along with the general ones, give rise to specific problems that require more thorough research and justification of the regulation of thistype of market as a permanent process of managing its functioning in order to ensure the positive evolutionary development of labor relations in various areas of the rural economy.The armed conflict caused the destruction of transport, social, and industrial infrastructure and significantly affected the real sector of the economy. All this slowed down economic activity inthe region and caused certain structural changes in the employment of the population, that is, only increased the variation in the sectoral structure of employment, which is most often associated with the political situation for a certain time.We see that there is a decline in the prestige of some professions and the growth of specialists in the direction of professionally mobile workers. Due to the lack of financial resources, employers are limited in their ability to expand their staff, so the demand is not for the number ofworkers, but for skills and qualifications, which is growing quite quickly.Real successes of effective policies on the labor market can be considered only those for which the costs of their implementation are more effective compared to the costs associated with unemployment. Therefore, estimates of the cost of the programs and the actual reduction in unemployment resulting from such policies are needed.According to the UN, since the beginning of the war, almost 7 million people have left our country, about 4 million Ukrainians have registered for temporary residence in EU countries.The start of the war and the introduction of martial law became the main factor affecting the state of the labor market in Ukraine. The following changes took place in the labor market:1. Competition on the market has increased significantly, due to the migration of the population from the occupied territories to the western and central regions of the country, stricter requirements have been imposed on employers in the selection of personnel, as a result, the workload for one workplace has increased.2. Changes in the structure of the country's labor potential, the number of the unemployed population increases, as a result of the destruction of industrial units or forced shutdown of enterprises during military operations. That is, the rate of migration of the population abroad decreased, 7 million people went abroad (according to UN data), which may lead to a labor shortage in the future.3. We observe the differentiation of the salary level and job offers relative to the regions.That is why the effectiveness of the state regulation of the labor market will largely depend on the interaction of local authorities with employers, business structures, territorial communities, and further research can provide a methodological basis, a mechanism for regulating regional labor markets.With the beginning of the war and the introduction of martial law, the labor market suffered significant losses and, according to the conclusions of many experts, there is no point in counting on the situation to improve.Keywords: labor market, rural area, government regulation, mechanism, martial law.

ФРІЛАНС ЯК ФОРМА ПЛАТФОРМНОЇ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ

In today's world, the digitalization of the economy and platform business models are becoming increasingly widespread, and platform employment and freelancing are gaining popularity, driven by the growing demand for remote work and flexible working conditions. At the global level, the main catalyst for the growth in popularity of platform employment in general and online freelancing in particular was the Covid-19 pandemic, when employers from many countries introduced remote work. This has led to a rapid increase in demand for freelance services and a revitalization of the freelance market. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of russia, the labor market in Ukraine has undergone many changes. Due to the occupation of the territories of Ukraine, the destruction of businesses and infrastructure, a significant number of people lost the opportunity to work at their place of residence, and many businesses, in turn, lost skilled workers who moved to safer cities and regions. In this context, employment through digital labor platforms, in particular online freelancing, is gaining relevance and is seen as a promising area. The article is devoted to the study of the development of online freelancing as a form of platform employment. The structure and key players of the freelance market are analyzed. The main players of freelance platforms are characterized. The forecast size of the global freelance market until 2026 is calculated. The conjuncture of the global freelance market is highlighted and the uneven distribution of supply and demand for freelance services between countries is indicated. It is proved that the United States is the main consumer of freelance services in the global market. At the same time, Ukraine ranks first in Europe in terms of the supply of freelance services, which is due to the high number of highly qualified specialists in the most popular specialties in this employment segment. The main factors contributing to the growth and popularization of this form of platform employment in Ukraine are analyzed. It is concluded that Ukrainian freelancers in the context of the pandemic and during the full-scale invasion of Russia have demonstrated high adaptability and flexibility, maintained and increased demand for online freelance services.

OKR AS TOOL OF STAFF EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT

The article examines the management system of setting objectives and evaluating the key results as one of the factors in improving employee satisfaction and effectiveness. The relevance of the research topic is justified by the current negative situation in the labor market of Ukraine and its continued stagnation, which negatively affects businesses. This trend requires companies to implement new tools to increase employee satisfaction and enhance employee effectiveness. This article investigates how implementing the OKR management system increases employee effectiveness. The scientific results obtained are practical proof of the direct impact of clear and understandable objective setting on employee performance, which directly influences the organization's achievement of its strategic goals. The importance of periodically evaluating and reviewing established goals and key results has been identified.

Аналітичні методи дослідження якості ринку праці України

In the context of diversification of characteristics and conditions of employment, qualitative parameters of labor market development are recognized by international organizations as a priority, which is reflected in numerous conceptions (for example, decent work) and methodological approaches – both scientific and institutional (research on the quality of work, quality of employment). Quality assessment is based on analytical approaches, the implementation of which in Ukraine faces a number of difficulties: lack of information support, no uniform approaches to assessment, insufficient methodical elaboration of a complex category of quality within the framework of qualiology and qualimetry. To overcome these gaps in the study, it is proposed to apply factor analysis (main components, with the rotation of solutions of factors), while using the information obtained as a result of processing microdata files of surveys on the labor force of the regions of Ukraine. The inclusion of qualitative features of the labor market development (gender parity, opportunities to combine work and family responsibilities, guarantees of formal employment, decent wages and acceptable working hours, in particular for persons with a high level of education, and others) in the factor analysis allows to identify problem processes that have the greatest impact on the formation of the quality of the labor market. The results of the calculations indicate the decisive influence of the existing deprivations on the formation of the quality of the labor market in Ukraine. The deprivations refer to compliance with decent wages and the existence of informal employment, including among people with higher education, opportunities for economic activity, as well as gender restrictions in the labor market. The problem of acceptable working hours, in particular for married women, is also significant. Such results should be taken into account when developing a policy of labor market regulation in the context of Ukraine’s post-war recovery, aimed at forming a qualitative maturity of the labor market.