Modern aspects of the labor market functioning in Ukraine: problems and solutions

Abstract

The article analyzes the main trends and problems of the labor market in the conditions of transformational processes taking place in the country's economy. In particular, attention is focused on the high level of unemployment, the uneven distribution of the labor force between regions, the outflow of qualified personnel abroad, and the imbalance between demand and supply in the labor market. The authors examine the impact of global crisis phenomena, such as the Covid-19 pandemic and war, on structural changes in employment and wages. The work identifies key problems that limit the effective functioning of the labor market, including low wages, insufficient adaptation of the education system to the needs of the market. Special attention was paid to the problem of increasing the level of employment of IDPs, encouraging IDPs to open their businesses or self-employment based on microcredit, grants, training in entrepreneurial skills and consulting, an analysis of key factors affecting the employment of IDPs was carried out, as well as state support programs that stimulate the relocation of enterprises from dangerous regions to safer ones, will allow saving jobs and avoiding the reduction of production capacities. The authors offer several ways to solve the outlined problems, including raising the level of social standards, stimulating small and medium-sized businesses, introducing effective state employment programs, etc. The need for retraining, training in new professions and adaptation to market requirements is indicated. The article examines the role of international cooperation in solving migration problems. The authors also drew attention in the article to the fact that employers are forced to offer comprehensive packages that satisfy both financial and non-financial needs. Although salary remains an important factor in today's conditions, candidates are increasingly paying attention to other aspects: opportunities for training, career growth, vacations, work environment, corporate culture. The authors proposed several strategic steps that can help stabilize and develop the labor market. Thus, the article highlights a comprehensive approach to the analysis of modern challenges in the labor market of Ukraine and offers recommendations for its stabilization and further development.