Kurchatov Institute Research Articles

The Collimated Propagation Causes of Astrophysical and Laboratory Jets

The use of Z-pinch facilities makes it possible to carry out well-controlled and diagnosable laboratory experiments to study laboratory jets with scaling parameters close to those of the jets from young stars. This makes it possible to observe processes that are inaccessible to astronomical observations. Such experiments are carried out at the PF-3 facility (“plasma focus,” Kurchatov Institute), in which the emitted plasma emission propagates along the drift chamber through the environment at a distance of one meter. The paper presents the results of experiments with helium, in which a successive release of two ejections was observed. An analysis of these results suggests that after the passage of the first supersonic ejection, a region with a low concentration is formed behind it, the so-called vacuum trace, due to which the subsequent ejection practically does not experience environmental resistance and propagates being collimated. The numerical modeling of the propagation of two ejections presented in the paper confirms this point of view. Using scaling laws and appropriate numerical simulations of astrophysical ejections, it is shown that this effect can also be significant for the jets of young stars.

Abstract P-13: Structural Studies of Insulin Receptor-Related Receptor Ectodomain

Background: The insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) was originally discovered due to its high homology to the other family members (insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor). We determined that IRR can be activated by mildly alkaline extracellular media and has typical features of the ligand-receptor interaction, including its specificity and dose-dependence. Since pH-sensitive properties of IRR are determined by its ectodomain; therefore, we chose as an option to study the soluble extracellular domain IRR. Methods: The investigation carried out in Titan Krios 60-300 TEM/STEM (FEI, USA) CryoEM, equipped with direct electron detector Falcon II (FEI, USA) and Cs image corrector (CEOS, Germany), at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV. Data processing and 3D reconstruction were carried out using computing resources of the Federal Collective Usage Center Complex for Simulation and Data Processing for Mega-Science Facilities at NRC “Kurchatov Institute.” Results: The obtained 2D classifications of particles of the ectodomain IRR at a neutral pH form several 3D models. This indicates that the ectodomain has several possible conformations, which is consistent with our previously obtained data using SEC-SAXS and AFM. In the future, additional careful data processing is required, as well as studies of the IRR ectodomain in mildly alkaline pH. Conclusion: In this study, we presented the structural characteristics of the IRR ectodomain obtained by CryoEM. These results are an important step towards understanding the mechanism of functioning of the IRR.

Research and development of hydrogen energy systems at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;nanostructured electrocatalysts;ensuring hydrogen safety.The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.

Hybrid x-ray laser-plasma/laser-synchrotron facility for pump-probe studies of the extreme state of matter at NRC "Kurchatov Institute".

We developed a hybrid optical pump-x-ray probe facility based on the "Kurchatov's synchrotron radiation source" and terawatt (TW) femtosecond laser. The bright x-ray photon source is based on either synchrotron radiation [up to 6 × 1014 photons/(s mm2 mrad2 0.1% bandwidth)] or laser-plasma generators (up to 108 photons/sr/pulse). The terawatt (TW) femtosecond laser pulse initiated phase transitions and a non-stationary "extreme" state of matter, while the delayed x-ray pulse acts as a probe. The synchronization between synchrotron radiation and laser pulses is achieved at 60.3MHz using an intelligent field-programmable gate array-based phased locked loop. The timing jitter of the system is less than 30ps. In laser-plasma sources, the x-ray and laser pulses are automatically synchronized because they are produced by using the same laser source (TW laser system). We have reached an x-ray yield of about 106 photons/sr/pulse with 6-mJ sub-ps laser pulses and using helium as a local gas medium. Under vacuum conditions, the laser energy increase up to 40 mJ leads to the enhancement of the x-ray yield of up to 108 photons/sr/pulse. The developed hybrid facility paves the way for a new class of time-resolved x-ray optical pump-probe experiments in the time interval from femtoseconds to microseconds and the energy spectrum from 3 to 30 keV.

Preface

The Joint XXIV International Scientific Youth School “Coherent optics and optical spectroscopy” & “Diamond based quantum information and sensing” (COOS 2020) took place virtually via the program Microsoft Teams in Kazan Federal University, 10-11 December 2020, Kazan, Russia. The virtual format of the School was chosen due to the covid-19 restrictions. The organisers were at Kazan Federal University and Tatarstan Academy of Science, Kazan. The School had the plenary session of invited speakers with 30 minutes, oral presentations of students, postgraduates, and young scientists lasting 15 minutes, and a poster section in a separate channel of the School’s command in the Microsoft Teams. The presentation process remained unchanged, questions were asked at the end of the speech in oral form and written form (in the School’s chat). The School follows the global tendency to comprehensive studies of matter properties and its interaction with electromagnetic fields. Since 1997 more than 100 famous scientists from USA, China, Germany, Sweden, Australia, Ukraine, Belarus and Russia had plenary lectures presentations. There were about 70 participants with presentations at the joint scientific School in 2020. This is the right place, where young scientists had an opportunity to participate in hot discussions of the latest scientific news. Many young people have submitted interesting reports on photonics, quantum electronics, laser physics, quantum optics, traditional optical and laser spectroscopy, non-linear optics, material science, nanotechnology, and educational technologies in the natural sciences. Here we are publishing the full-size papers prepared from the most interesting lectures and reports selected by the Program Committee of the School. Plenary sessions were offered by the following invited speakers: Ildar Gabitov, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA• Intra-channel interaction of pulses in high-speed fiber-optic lines Taras Plakhotnik, Queensland University, Queensland, Australia• The challenge of intracellular temperature Sergey Sazonov, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia• Bending and modulation instability of wave packets Askhat Basharov, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia.• The need for an effective Hamiltonian in the theory of open optical quantum systems Rustem Shakhmuratov, Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia• Methods for creating short pulses by filtering phase-modulated radiation Phil Hemmer, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA• Biological sensing applications of fluorescent diamonds and phosphors Ivan Scheblykin, Lund University, Lund, Sweden• Photoluminescence of organo metal halide perovskites at micro and nano scale Pavel Melentiev, Institute for Spectroscopy RAS, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia• Ultrafast, Ultrasensitive Detection and Imaging of Single Cardiac Troponin T Molecules Quan Li, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong• Diamond based quantum sensing for biological applications Aleksei Zheltikov, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia• All-optical brain thermometry with fluorescent diamonds W Fedor Jelezko, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany• Fluorescent nanodiamonds for quantum sensing and hyperpolarisation enhanced MRI Victor Nikiforov, Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russia• Creation of YVO4: Yb3+, Er upconversion nanoparticles for their use as luminescent probes in biological applications Alexey Leukhin, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia• Computer simulation and results of field experiments for constructing aerospace radar images under various modes of antenna aperture synthesis Sergey Kharintsev, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia• Thermoplasmonics: optical heating of resonant metal nanostructuresList of PROGRAM COMMITTEE, ORGANIZING COMMITTEE, EDITORIAL BOARD are available in this pdf

Radiation tests of the prototypes of the fiber-optic collector for ITER plasma diagnostics

Fiber bundles will be subjected to gamma-neutron irradiation in ITER Port Interspace & Cell areas, and the highest radiation dose will be accumulated in their head parts (collectors). Radiation tests have to be done to prove their radiation hardness. The paper is devoted to the radiation test of the fiber-optic collector prototypes at Co-60 gamma source. The collectors were manufactured using Epo-Tek 353ND optical glue, which is intended for a long-term use at temperatures up to 300 °C (decay temperature 412 °C). The irradiation was performed in the Kurchatov Institute in the continuous mode of the Co-60 gamma source. The aim of the tests was to investigate the influence of gamma-irradiation on the samples’ transparency and integrity. The test results showed that the fiber collector prototype based on silica fibers and EPO-Tek 353ND epoxy has a sufficient radiation resistance after the irradiation up to dose of a few kGy.

Metrological studies of the characteristics of multilayer surface coatings using synchrotron radiation

The investigations of multilayer surface nanostructures characteristics was performed with synchrotron radiation sources, characterized by an intensive, calculated continuum. It plays an important role in nanoelectronics metrological base. The main research were carried out at electron storage rings «Siberia-1» (Kurchatov Institute) and MLS (PTB, Berlin) with low electron energy, in a wide wavelength range, including visible range, AUV, VU, EUV and to exclude the X-ray radiation influence. The methods of the radiometers, photodiodes, filters and multilayer mirrors characteristics measurements are based on the synchrotron radiation absolute spectral characteristics and accelerated electrons number variation. The metrological investigations with synchrotron radiation was concentrated on: – absolute spectral responsivety of silicon photodiodes with multilayer filters for integral radiometers applications; – spectral transmittances of surface layers of photodiodes in the extreme ultraviolet region; – spectral reflectance coefficient of superlattice. The characteristics of photodiodes and filters on a synchrotron radiation source are measured using a monochromator and a reference detector. The use of a synchrotron radiation channel makes it possible to study the spectral transmittance of thin films and multilayer structures formed in the in situ mode. To form multilayer nanostructures directly on the receiving surface of photodetectors, an ion-plasma sputtering module is used. The optical scheme of the channel provides for the possibility of using monochromators of grazing incidence for the range of photon energies from 25 to 100 ev and normal incidence for the range of photon energies from 4 to 25 ev. At a photon energy of 40 ev, the absolute spectral sensitivity was 70 ma / W for a photodiode with a surface multilayer filter applied. To develop an experimental technique for measuring the spectral reflection coefficient of multilayer mirrors, and to create standard samples, the Mo/Si system was studied. Computer modeling of multi-layer coatings allows us to calculate the optical characteristics of superlattices in the extreme ultraviolet region. The obtained results of measurements of the spectral reflection coefficient of a multilayer coating in the photon energy range of 65–100 ev indicate a resonance reflection character with a max-imum at an energy of 83.5 ev and an energy width at a half-height of about 6.5 ev. The working wave-length of the reflecting mirror corresponds to the calculated one, which confirms the effectiveness of the adopted model.

Modern Methods of Neutron Radiography and Tomography in Studies of the Internal Structure of Objects

The fundamentals, experimental possibilities, and applications of the methods of neutron radiography and tomography in studies of the structural features of large objects in various fields are reviewed. The main principles of neutron imaging are considered. Specialized experimental stations at the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research are described, and their main parameters are presented. The experimental capabilities of these neutron facilities, including methodological approaches to variation of the neutron radiographic contrast with neutron energy dispersion, are described. A detailed review of the scientific results obtained on neutron radiography and tomography facilities is presented; these results concern engineering and technological objects, internal structure of meteorites, paleontological samples, and cultural heritage objects.

Neutron Study of Internal Stress in Materials and Components

The development and current state of instrumentation for the neutron diffraction study of internal stresses has been considered. During the last 15 years, significant progress has been achieved in the experimental techniques based on stationary and pulsed neutron sources. Specialized stress diffractometers have been developed, which make it possible to solve many engineering and technological problems, as well as problems of fundamental materials science. Two Russian neutron stress diffractometers are considered: FSD on the pulsed reactor IBR-2 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and STRESS on the IR-8 reactor at the Natioanl Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute.” Examples of studies performed on these devices are presented.

Ecosystems of Siberian Arctic Seas–2020: The Kara Sea (Cruise 81 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh)

Cruise 81 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh was organized by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology and took place from August 27 to September 25, 2020 under the Program “Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic.” Participants included 76 scientists from the institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University, VNIRO, and the NRC Kurchatov Institute and specialists from the Emergency Situations Ministry. Coordinated hydrophysical, hydrochemical, biooceanological, geochemical, and radioecological research was carried out over the Kara Sea, on the shelf near the St. Anna Trough, the continental slope, the Novaya Zemlya depression, and bays of the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya. The condition of disposed radioactive waste in bays of the archipelago was assessed.

A Spectrometer for Studying Single Crystals Using the Method of Synchrotron Radiation Diffraction at Near-Backscattering Angles

A spectrometer has been developed at the beamline EXAFS-D station of the Kurchatov synchrotron-radiation source at the Kurchatov Institute National Research Center for the precision determination of relative variations in the lattice parameters of single crystals. The spectrometer allows measurements of small (up to 3 × 10−7) relative variations in the lattice parameter, which may be caused by stoichiometry violation or external actions, e.g., inverse piezoelectric effect. The method of X-ray diffraction in a geometry that is close to backscattering at angles as large as 179.5° is implemented in the spectrometer. Using a synchrotron source, it is possible to select the radiation wavelength for tuning the spectrometer to the near-backscattering diffraction geometry. The equipment of the spectrometer allows simultaneous monitoring of the lattice-parameter variation and mapping of the elemental composition over the crystal surface.

Development and Construction of Track and Identification Systems for Experiments Aimed at Studying Extreme Properties of Nuclear Matter in Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Investigation of properties of nuclear matter at extremely high temperature and/or extremely high baryon densities under laboratory conditions is one of the fundamental lines of research in high-energy physics. Throughout the past decades, such investigations have been performed in collisions of ultrarelativistic heavy ions in several experiments at modern accelerator complexes, including the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL, USA) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Switzerland). In the near future, it is also planned to launch investigations of this kind at the FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research at Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany) and NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility at Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia) accelerators. In order to implement such investigations, it is necessary to create sophisticated detector systems that are able to record events featuring high-multiplicity product particles and to measure reliably their properties. The present article gives a brief survey of all detector systems that have already been created and are being developed at Laboratory of Relativistic Nuclear Physics at Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (National Research Center Kurchatov Institute) for the PHENIX (BNL, USA), ALICE (CERN, Switzerland), and CBM (GSI, Germany) experiments aimed at studying nuclear matter under extreme conditions.

Restoring size of detonation nanodiamonds from small-angle x-ray scattering of polychromatic synchrotron radiation beam

Over the past two decades, LIH SB RAS and BINP SB RAS have jointly conducted experiments on time-resolved (TR) small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) with detonating high explosives. The purpose of these experiments is to restore the dynamics of carbon species condensation to diamond nanoparticles by analyzing series of SAXS patterns behind the detonation front measured in real time with fast detectors. This knowledge is crucial for the development of reliable detonation models. In this paper, we compare SAXS patterns of identical nanodiamond samples measured at the TR-SAXS extreme state of matter end-station (BINP SB RAS) in the static mode under realistic conditions simulating fast real-time measurements with polychromatic SR beam and traditional SAXS BioMUR beamline at the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation (SR) beam. These experiments confirm that the size of scattering inhomogeneities determined in dynamic experiments with single bunch exposure with polychromatic SR beam is correct.

Current status of tokamak T-15MD

Abstract At the present time, the preparation to physical start-up of tokamak T-15MD is completed in the National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The main parameters of T-15MD are: R = 1.48 m, a = 0.67 m, B = 2.0 T, Ipl = 2.0 MA. The magnet system is capable to maintain without overheating (more 60 °C) the plasma current of 2 MA for 4 s, 1 MA for 20 s, 700 kA for 40 s, 500 kA for 80 s, 300 kA for 160 s and 250 kA for 400 s. Plasma current drive can be maintained either by injection of fast neutrals or by electron cyclotron (EC)-, ion cyclotron (IC)- and low hybrid (LH) - waves. In August 2019 the electromagnetic system, consisting of TF and PF coils, together with vacuum vessel have been assembled in experimental hall. Power supply system of Tokamak T-15MD includes: two substations 110/10 kV, two substations 10/0.83 kV, thyristor convertors and different equipment. Total power consumption during the pulse with plasma current 2 MA and additional plasma heating of 20 MW will consist of 300 MVA. Power supply system is in the commissioning. Tokamak T-15MD will be operate using the information and control system. All the information and control system equipment, required for the implementation of physical start-up of tokamak T-15MD, is available. For plasma control the 250 different electromagnetic probes are installed inside vacuum vessel. The gyrotron with frequency 82.6 GHz and power of 1 MW will be used for pre-ionization.

Накопление нейтральных липидов и β-каротина дрожжами Yarrowia lipolytica на среде с сахарозой в качестве источника углерода

Recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica yeast has been used as a host strain for the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScSUC2 gene and Y. lipolytica YlHXK1 gene encoding invertase and hexakinase, respectively. The expression was carried out on the background of the enhanced pathway of the synthesis of neutral lipids. This allowed the yeast to efficiently utilize glucose as a single carbon source. The engineered strain accumulated neutral lipids in amount of 50.7% of biomass dry weight, when cultured in tubes in minimal medium with nitrogen limitation and high sucrose content. The next metabolic engineering step was the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 editing system to introduce a heterologous β-carotene synthesis pathway by the expression of the Mucor circinelloides genes CarRP and CarB, encoding the bifunctional enzyme phytoene synthase/licopene-β-cyclase (carRP) and phytoene dehydrogenase (carB), as well as an increase in the expression level of the Y. lipolytica YlGGS1 gene, encoding geranyl diphosphate synthase enzyme. The β-carotene production on a sucrose-containing medium was shown for the first time; it amounted for 24.0 mg/g dry biomass, or 406.9 mg/L, on the 5th day of cultivation in tubes in a rich medium with a sucrose portioned supply (50 g/L). The corresponding values for a rich medium with a higher sucrose concentration (90 g/L) were 21.9 mg/g dry biomass and 625.8 mg/L. Yarrowia lipolytica, β-carotene, sucrose, CRISPR-Cas9 The plasmids pdKu70Yl-URA3, pLTet-SP-CAT, pARS-Cre-reverse, pMW-att-Cm and pGPD1Yl were kindly provided by Ph.D. I.A. Laptev ("Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA NRC). The work was carried out using the equipment of the Multipurpose Scientific Facility of the "Russian State Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»-GOSNIIGENETIKA. The work was supported by state assignment no. 14 of 25.07.2012 AAAA-A20-120093090016-9. The quantitative analysis of lipids and β-carotene was carried out by V.A. Zolottsev within the framework of the "Long-Term Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation (2021-2030)".

Поиск природных штаммов дрожжей - продуцентов глицерина

Screening of glycerol-producing yeasts resistant to high osmotic pressure of substrates has been carried out among collection strains and strains isolated from natural sources associated with bee habitat. In total, more than 170 strains of osmotolerant yeasts were investigated which belong to 9 genera and the following13 species: Candida apicola, C. magnolia, Debaryomyces hansenii, D. marama, D. polymorphus, Hansenula ciferri, Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, Pichia farinose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Starmerella bombi, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Zhygosaccharomyces rouxii. The Kluyveromyces lactis VKPM Y-4429 strain producing 77.4 g/L of glycerol for 24 h of cultivation on media with a high glucose (300 g/L) and NaCl (5-6%) content was selected. These conditions cause osmotic shock, and as a consequence, a higher glucose conversion to glycerol. glycerol biosynthesis, fermentation, osmotolerant yeast, screening The work was supported by the State Assignment № AAAA-A20-120093090016-9 and the work was carried out using the Unique Scientific Facility of the "All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»---GOSNIIGENETIKA (NBC VKPM).

Изучение экспрессионного потенциала новых штаммов дрожжей рода Komagataella

The expression potential of various strains from the Collection of the National Bio-Resource Center (BRC VKPM) collection belonging to the species Komagataella kurtzmanii, K. phaffii, K. mondaviorum has been assessed by the level of production of the heterologous enzyme Citrobacter freundii phytase. Heterologous expression in the K. mondaviorum strains was observed for the first time. The strains of K. phaffii Y-4288, K. mondaviorum Y-4331 and K. phaffii Y-4287 were identified with a high level production of the heterologous enzyme, a high growth rate, the ability to accumulate a large amount of biomass and moderate thermotolerance. It was shown that the average productivity of the transformants based on K. phaffii Y-4288, K. mondaviorum Y-4331, and K. phaffii Y-4287 strains exceeds that of the commercial industrial recipient strain K. phaffii GS115 Y-2837 by more than 3, 5 and 6 times, respectively. The K. phaffii Y-4287 and K. mondaviorum Y-4331 strains exhibited moderate thermotolerance and the ability to accumulate a heterologous product at 37° C. The high expression potential of the identified strains opens up the possibility of creating recipient strains on their basis for high-level production of heterologous proteins. Key words: Komagataella, Pichia pastoris, thermotolerance, expression of heterologous proteins Funding - This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant no. 075-15-2019-1658 dated October 31, 2019) and was carried out using the resources of the Unique Scientific Facility of the "All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»---GOSNIIGENETIKA.

Создание функциональных наноструктур под действием ионного облучения

The paper describes a method developed in National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” for creating different functional nanostructures using ion beam irradiation. As an example, the formation of an integrated resistive elements in a low-temperature NbN superconductor nanowire is demonstrated. The possibility of producing an insulating layer of aluminum oxide with a thickness of 15 nm on the aluminum surface at room temperature under 0.2 keV oxygen ions irradiation was shown.

Certification of a specialized source of gamma radiation spatially combined with modeling reference field of neutron radiation

The results of metrological studies of the field of the experimental channel of the research nuclear reactor OR (experimental base of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute”) with a capacity of 0.1–300 kW are presented. The empirical dependence of the contribution of the absorbed dose of gamma radiation during the raising and lowering reactor power in the total absorbed dose during the irradiation in the reactor and absorbed dose rate from a power reactor OR in the steady state. Based on these results, the absorbed dose and absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation can be pre-calculated. According to metrological studies results, the experimental channel of the reactor OR was certified in terms of the absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation as a specialized source of gamma radiation spatially combined with the modeling reference field of neutrons. The specialized source is designed for calibration of special-purpose measuring instruments and testing for radiation resistance of products operating in conditions of mixed gamma-neutron radiation of nuclear reactors.

Investigation of ligand-receptor interaction and biodistribution of a drug containing cattle retinal polypeptides in various administration routes

To investigate in vitro the interactions of a drug consisting of water-soluble polypeptide fractions produced on animal retina with a wide range of receptor targets, and to assess its biodistribution in the organs of laboratory animals. The biodistribution of the radioactively marked drug in different organs and tissues of laboratory mice in various routes of administration was studied at the National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute». Evaluation of the ligand-receptor interaction of the drug was carried out in the laboratory at Eurofins Pharma Discovery Services by the method of competitive radioligand binding. A significant effect of the interaction of the polypeptide drug was revealed with different subtypes of glutamate receptors: AMPA, NMDA, and mGluR1. As a result of an in vivo test, we have obtained biodistribution data of the drug for intravenous, intramuscular and parabulbar administration, and the dynamics of drug accumulation in the tissues of the brain and eyes. According to the study results, the peptide drug binds to receptors associated with the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Interaction with these receptors potentially provides the test subject with neuroprotective effect. The content dynamics of the studied drug in the blood of animals depends on the route of administration and the amount of drug administered. At the time point of 0.5 hours for intravenous and intramuscular administration in the dose of 1.7 mg/kg, the studied drug has sufficiently high bioavailability in the tissues of the brain and eye. The data suggest that the main route of excretion of the studied drug is through kidneys.