Kazakh Society Research Articles

ОПИСАНИЕ "ЭПОХИ" В ПРОЗЕ ТОЛЕНА АБДИКОВА (DESCRIPTION OF THE ERA IN THE PROSE OF TOLEN ABDIKOV)

The article describes the features of the creative style, philosophical concept, psychology in the works of the writer, publicist, state and public figure Tolena Abdika. National cognition in the novels and short stories by Tolen Abdikov is projected from the peculiarities of national mentality, national consciousness, sense of nation, and the language of the Kazakh nation. The uniqueness of imagery is scrutinized as the symbol of national traits. In his works Tolen Abdikov singles out the transformations and violations of the national consciousness which the Kazakh society has undergone, emphasizing them as topical problems. We can take any of his works and notice writer’s bravery inherent to the real hero, sensivity inherent to the real writer. In general, what meaning the time wouldn’t give in composition, the space has the same degree. The writer wanted to show philosophy of in the work and at the beginning of the composition tried to guide to the reader's thoughts. Tolen Abdikov skillfully describes the internal psychological world of the characters through the presentation of their emotions, such as laughter and lamentation. T.Abdikov works are characterized by the depiction of a tragic nature of events connected with coldness, envy, and cruelty in human interactions, which makes the reader think about how these problems can be solved. The works of T. Abdikova are valuable not only from pure creative imagination, but also because of a deep study of the material of life, analysis and weighing

FOUNDATION OF NOMADIC LIFE

In this article, in the context of identifying the content of a new little-known historical source, the features of the life of the Kazakh pastoralist society at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries are revealed. The revealed material is a collection of statistical data that allow to reveal the characteristic features of the nomadic life of Kazakhs in the specified chronological framework from the point of view of scientific analysis conducted by contemporary researchers of the socio-cultural processes under consideration. The identified historical source, according to the author, is a unique and undoubtedly of scientific interest material scientifically substantiating the numerous laws of Kazakh society. Due consideration is given to its aspects, such as traditions, customs, ways of farming, economic, ethnographic, geographical relationships and a number of others. The revealed material allows us to take a new look at the multifaceted structure of Kazakh nomadic life and, in contrast to the established opinion, to state the original author's view of the significance of various types of livestock in the life of the indigenous population and their relationship and mutual relationship.

THE ESSENCE OF «SOCIAL ANXIETY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

The study of social anxieties requires careful research due to the development of modern society. Modern Kazakh society is unique in its own way,and besides, it is not without causes of social anxiety. Moreover, a comprehensive study of social anxieties provides a person with broad opportunities for knowledge and creativity. On the other hand, the coronavirus pandemic has made its own adjustments to the modern world, which is unstable in its development, it remains uncertain and unpredictable, which does not allow a person to feel completely protected, and this all creates anxiety.

JUDICIAL AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS IN TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS’ VIEW (XIX CENTURY)

The article discusses the coverage of the Court of Biys and judicial procedural rules in Kazakh customary law by Russian pre-revolutionary researchers. The authors noted that after political, administrative and legal reforms of the Russian government, the Court of Biys did not lose its significance in Kazakh society and played the role of a regulator of the socio-economic life of the nomadic community. At the same time, the merit of biys in the settlement of conflicts arising both within and at the intercommunal level between the Kazakhs is noted. According to researchers, the Court of Biys, with all its simplicity and primitiveness, contributed to maintaining the stability of society by finding a compromise and justice through customary law. Transparency, openness and publicity of the court and the trial, the authority and respect for the beating on the part of nomads guaranteed its vitality, despite the changed political and legal conditions that arose as a result of the entry of Kazakh society into the Russian Empire.

ETHNOGRAPHIC BASIS OF KAZAKH RITUAL SONGS RELATING TO MATCHMAKING

This article analyzes the ethnographic nature of ritual songs associated with the marriage customs of the Kazakh people. Studies have been conducted based on the history of the development of family and marriage on the paths of human development. In the Kazakh society, the social and social significance of creating a family is revealed, in accordance with the stages of the emergence and development of customs and traditions associated with marriage, the semantics of matchmaking is comprehensively and systematically disclosed. The single aspects of matchmaking with the life of the people from ancient times to the present day have been considered. The values ​​of such ancient customs in the marriage ceremony of the Kazakh people were revealed, such as swearing “emitting blood”, treating the liver with fat tail fat, the significance, meaning and place of such ceremonies as, for example, sending a messenger, giving a dowry, paying a ransom to a bride, giving a gift to the house were examined the bride, the bridegroom's first visit to the bride’s house in Swatovst. The cognitive and educational nature of each sign associated with the matchmaking was analyzed. At the same time, conclusions are summarized as a result of analysis, comparison of the conditions of change and modernization of these traditions.

THE PROBLEM OF "CONCEPT" IN THE WORKS OF TANJARYK GADIOLI, IT IS REFLECTED IN THE WORKS OF THE POET

In the works of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly the concepts of "woman", "man", "truth", "native land", "country" are found, the world of the poet. There is a subtle psychology, the attitude of the poet to the Motherland, the native land, love, a sense of patriotism. With the help of the study of linguistic personality T. Zholdyuly, we recognize the linguistic personality, isolated by the nature of the national cultural existence, the national spirit of patriotism, the beauty of the environment, the mastery of the fine arts of the national worldview. Having studied the linguistic personality of the poet, it is possible to clearly see the national existence and worldview of the people. Clearly, from the Civil personality of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly there is an aspiration to influence, movement in the Kazakh society. In this direction in his works there are many own word combinations, author's metaphors and comparisons, which represent the national character. The staging of the lexical layer of the poet's works: Kazakh national cultural environment, existence, truth, worldview and worldview. In further study at the cognitive and pragmatic levels, allowing us to fully recognize the language personality, allows us to recognize the language personality as a poet, artist, master of the artistic word.

MODERN POLYLINGUAL SITUATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

The article is aboutthe role of the English language in multilingual education. “Kazakhstan in the modern world should be perceived as a highly educated country whose population uses three languages: the Kazakh language is the state language, the Russian language as the language of national communication, English is the language of successful integration into the global economy,”these words of President N.A. Nazarbayev in fact were one of the main tasks for the modern Kazakhstani education, which should become competitive, quality, so that the graduates of schools could continue their studies in foreign universities.The Kazakh language is an agglutinative language, Russian is inflectional, English is inflectional. It should be noted that in the Kazakh society a conscious understanding of the need for a multilingual education has been formed, not only at the state level, but also at the personal level.

FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF THE POLITICAL AND VALUE CONTENT OF THE POLICY OF INTERETHNIC HARMONY

The article reveals in more detail the features and problems of regulation of the processes of formation and development of interethnic harmony in the context of state policy of Kazakhstan. It is shown that the regulation of the formation of interethnic consent of Kazakhstan should be considered as a national and political process, during which the influence of both external and internal factors of personal development of each of them should be taken into account. The article also notes that in the process of modernization of the Kazakh society, the regulation of interethnic harmony between them acts as the most important means of implementing the ideas and principles of the national policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The practice of Kazakhstan shows that only the subject of regulation of interethnic harmony, which is well aware of the requirements of an integrated approach, is able to be guided by them in their educational activities, is able to effectively regulate the process of formation and development of interethnic harmony. At the same time, a comprehensive study of the characteristics of different social groups of people, nationalities and skillful account of the identified features in working with them is necessary.

Yesevi Topraklarında Ateizm ve Kültürel Sekülerlik Politikaları: 1920-1940 Yılları Arasında Sovyet Yönetiminin Kazakistan’daki İslam Politikası

Kazakh Turks have enriched their cultural structure in their negative social life since the VIII century, after the acceptance of the acceptance of Islam and sharia values in the steppe. Various propagandamethods were carried out against the Islamic values adopted by the Kazakh society with this cultural momentum, which lasted about 10 centuries, the annexation of Tsarist Russia and the colonial administration that followed, and the policy of atheism, which was adopted by the Soviet Communist party for 70 years. In the early years, the Soviet administration carefully treated the religious feelings of the nativeKazakh Turks. On the one hand, the Bolsheviks pledged to “protect Muslims” and their rights, on the other hand tried to destroy their democratic principles. In the second half of the 1920’s, the“violent attack” policy against Islam started in the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The totalitarian system, which strengthened until the end of the 1920’s, implemented a politicalcampaign against the clergy. The organs of the OGPU (United States Political Administration under the People’sCommissariat Council of the USSR) used various methods to prevent the unification of the country’s Muslims and the political empowerment of religious and clergymen and their National intellectuals. The Bolsheviks made decisions regarding the registration of religious associations, opening andclosing mosques, and managed to control cultural legislation. This new communist order led to restrictions and violations of public rights and initiated harsh administrative control over all religious activities of the country. Within these restrictions, Islam was attacked more than other religions. Afterthe establishment of the communist administration in Kazakhstan, the first period of famine began in 1921–1922, the policy of collectivization after 1926, the new economic policy and the second period of hunger, followed by the policy of exposing the elite and genocide of the local population. Thus, in this article, the ban on Muslim religious organizations, the persecution of mollas and imams,the closure of mosques, the role of Islam in Kazakhstan, and the issue of famine were classified based on archival documents.

On the Specifics of Studying Organized Crime at the Present Stage

This article studies the key aspects of combating organized crime at the present stage. Based on the analysis conducted, the authors describe organized crime as a complex, criminally legal and social phenomenon. They provide their understanding of organized crime, its causes and conditions, as well as indicate possible social consequences. Within the context of the article, the authors prove the difficulty of counteracting the phenomenon and emphasize its social danger since it undermines the foundations for the well-being of the Kazakh society. The scale and growth rate of organized crime in recent decades has turned it into one of the main factors hindering the country's economic and social development, causing civil mistrust in the law enforcement system and government bodies at all levels; therefore, citizens of Kazakhstan are anxious about their life and well-being. The article provides suggestions on studying modern organized crime based on both the international and Kazakh experience. From the perspective of general science, this article conducts studies in the field of criminology and criminal law and contributes to the methodological enrichment of the phenomenon of organized crime in theoretical and practical aspects. This approach helps better understand this phenomenon, determine its typical features and develop and apply countermeasures. At the same time, the authors do not claim a monopoly of absolute truth but rather attempt to study organized crime from a new perspective, which allows dwelling on the essence of this social phenomenon.

The Image of the Kazakh People and the Kazakh Steppe in the Treatise of A.I. Levshin «Description of the Kyrgyz-Cossack, or Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky, Hordes and Steppes»

The article analyzes the image of the Kazakh steppe and the Kazakh people, created by the famous scientist and statesman A.I. Levshin in his fundamental work -"Description of the Kyrgyz-Cossack, or Kyrgyz-Kaisatsky, hordes and steppes." In the work of the researcher, the steppe appears as a huge, remote, little-studied space, an anhydrous and poor in vegetation desert, economically suitable, first of all, for the development of nomadic cattle breeding. A.I. Levshin's perception of the Kazakh people, like other representatives of the European educated society, takes place within the framework of an enlightening worldview and its characteristic opposition of “savagery” and “civilization”. At the same time, the researcher to a greater extent used such theoretical model of comprehension the “wild” people, according to which the Kazakh society is at a lower stage of world-historical development than the civilized society to which the author relates. Kazakhs, in the perception of A.I. Levshin, these are “halfwild predators”, “nomadic robbers”, albeit not without completely positive qualities.

Linguistic, historical continuity: onyms in the modern language (based on historical monuments and modern language)

The article reviews the works of other scholars on the study of historical written monuments. Sci￾entists conducted research on the text of historical pennants, morphology, functional styles, character image, etc. In addition, the features of the use of onyms, including precedent names found in historical written monuments of the Middle Ages and the modern Kazakh language, were identified.The analysis of the results obtained on the basis of the questionnaire. All categories of onyms are revealed, features of their functioning in Proverbs and sayings, phraseological units of the modern Kazakh language, and also in works of modern poets are defined. Modern poets masterfully use precedent names for the”red word”. The analysis of precedent names was carried out, and their lexical and semantic classification was determined. Associations of these names in cognition of modern Kazakh society depending on background knowledge are revealed. Based on this identified that the precedent names, depending on the background knowledge of readers of medieval and modern Kazakhs the same perception. According to the source of a certain time, the precedent names were influenced by such extralinguistic factors as ideology, mentality, history, religion. Over time, precedent names, turned into symbols of love, began to be replenished with new names. The use of antithesis by poets to enhance the synergy of precedent names is defined. It is revealed that precedent names that lost their relevance in the times of socialism are revived again in the present.

The role and principles importance of the biys court activity as an institution of Kazakh customary law for modern legal relations

The article reveals the unique customs and traditions of the Kazakh people, which were based on the principles that lay down the legal regulation of social relations, condition social justice in resolving disputes and other conflicts arising in the process of economic activity and everyday life. The principles on which the Kazakh society was founded, which are the basis of Kazakh customary law in modern conditions can be char act erased as humanistic. On the basis of these principles, the formation of a fundamental principles number is possible that, taking into account the historical roots, will allow modernization of modern law. Despite the fact that the principles of customary law worked effectively in the historical period of the existence of the Kazakh Khanate and semi-nomadic farming, in modern conditions it is possible to modernize and use them in the modern legal culture as a historically established system of authoritative legal values. These are legal values that stipulate certain types of legal punishments and rewards, principles of mutual relations of the parties in civil, family, labor and other legal relations based on the equality of the parties and voluntary rights and obligations determination. The article substantiates the possibility of using the principles of adversariality, transparency, the predominance of property responsibility as the main punishment type, and the wider use of legal incentive measures in modern conditions.

IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURY AND THE POLICY OF TSARIST RUSSIA IN KAZAKHSTAN CONSEQUENCES OF INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY

During the period of colonial policy in the Russian Empire, the influence on the Kazakh land is reflected, as well as the main results of changes in the mechanism of adaptation and ways of countering the traditional structure of Kazakh society during the period of colonization. The role of the colonial policy of the Empire is described in the XVIII - XIX centuries with administrative and political reforms carried out by tsarist Russia in Kazakhstan. At the same time, the ethno – social structure of the Kazakh society has undergone significant changes in the system of socio-economic relations, changing all the realities of the traditional economy. During the first half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries, the political influence of a significant social group of warriors - batyrs was explained in Kazakh society. The article uses sorting, analysis, and comparison methods. The article presents new sources and reviews the works of the first and modern researchers.

THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF NESIPBEK DAUITAYULY'S STORY “АЙҒЫРКІСІ”

The great writer Nesipbek Dauitayuly occupies a special place in our literature. Evidence of this is the owner of many literary awards, a sought-after writer. The writer's works, written in the years following independence, are valuable because the problems of Kazakh society are rooted in them. One of the main tasks of the writer is to familiarize himself with the work of national interest. The author takes upon himself the story “Айғыркісі”, which makes this task the main one in terms of content. The article provides an analytical analysis of the story of the writer “Айғыркісі”, based on the laws of the theory of literature. The study of the subject matter, content and form of the story, the system of artistic images, plot and composition, the language of the work, the use of means of expression, grinding has been carried out. The story analyzes the details of modernist, folklore, magical motives. The ways of presenting the author's concept and trends are analyzed. The author explains the purpose of the use of human-animal contact in a work of art. The analysis of the characters helpless aesthetics is carried out. The ways of conveying the concept of good and evil in the content of the story are analyzed. Thus, they determined the aesthetic value, the artistic world, and the stylistic nature of the narrative.

HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF THE KAZAKH TRADITIONAL SOCIETY

The article deals with the problems of traditional Kazakh society. The analysis of its ideological content, socio-political structure, national values is shown. The role and place of formation of values, which are the main historical thinking, national culture of a traditional society, are defined. The problem of a comprehensive study of the structure of a traditional society was determined by traditional modernization. The idea of restoring the national ideology, spiritual sources, which is the cornerstone of history and culture, has been defined. It has been made a historical analysis of research in this direction. The historical conditions, economic and cultural prerequisites for the transformation of traditional Kazakh society are considered. Socio-economic changes contribute to the renewal of spiritual culture, its ideological rearmament. The worldview basis of this process was education. It is shown that in the educational teachings both elements of the experience of the ideological and theoretical development of mankind and peculiar features of national self-consciousness were accumulated.

Сохранение кобызового наследия в XX веке

The article traces the development of the kobyz performance traditions in the XX century. The kobyz ancient form and stage-by-stage process of its “Europeanization”, adaptation for orchestral performance are described. The author’s analysis of this process, its positive and negative consequences for art is presented. The history of the creation and functions of the prima-kobyz is revealed. The paper describes national efforts to preserve the ancient kobyz art undertaken as a response to the Europeanization process and based on the educational and pedagogical potential of the Kazakh society.

Q-pop as a Phenomenon to Enhance New Nationalism in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan

Q-pop refers to popular music that was developed by applying or combining western music composition techniques on the basis of the musical elements in Kazakhstan. Even though Western and South Korean pop music played an important role in the creation and development of Q-pop, reviews or research about the topic itself as well as how Q-pop changes Kazakh society have not been conducted comprehensively. This study aims to compensate the research gap by investigating the new popular culture phenomenon that is termed as Q-Pop with ‘Q’ standing for Kazakhstan, and ‘Pop’ meaning popular music. The issue of the new ideology of ‘Q’, the prefix of Q-pop, will be critically examined by the recognition of new nationalism in Kazakhstan. This study also discusses how the way of listening has changed in relation to the form and content of popular music in Kazakhstan. Based on this analysis, the study intends to examine Q-pop’s challenges in the present and its potential in the future.

Российская интеллектуальная элита XVIII — середины XIX в. об экономике казахов

The article analyzes the assessments of the Russian intellectual elite of the XVIII — the middle of XIX centuries of the economic activity of the Kazakh people. The relevance of the work is due to the poor study of the economic and economic activities of the Kazakhs as an integral part of the perception of the steppe population by Russian officials, scientists and travelers of the period under consideration in historiography. This process was influenced by several factors: political and socio-economic changes in Kazakh society, resulting from Russian politics in the region, the dominance of the philosophy of the Enlightenment in the worldview of imperial intellectuals. During the period under review, the assessments of the economic activity of the steppe population were not static and evolved continuously. If at the beginning of the 18th century the economy of the Kazakh people was seen by observers only as cattle breeding and the exchange of goods, then in the middle of the 19th century it was assessed by eyewitnesses as a combination of cattle breeding, agriculture, fishing, seasonal work and trade. In addition to diversifying the types of economic activity of Kazakhs, Russian observers noted the social stratification of Kazakh society and the emergence of new social categories of the population.

Разработка мобильного приложения «Open Kazakhstan» на платформе Android

This article discusses the development of the mobile application «Open Kazakhstan» on the Android platform. This is a unique multimedia guide for mobile phones, designed in social and cultural services and tourism for the South Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this article, the author described the conceptual scheme of the «Open Kazakhstan» mobile application, which allows you to save time and money for tourists, find attractions and will become an indispensable assistant while traveling. «Open Kazakhstan» is a geographic information tourism system that was developed in the CRM Docker Compose and WordPress systems. The author, studying the market of mobile applications for tourism, came to the conclusion that the mobile application «Open Kazakhstan» will be in great demand in the Kazakh society.