Kazakh Society Research Articles

CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2016, Volume 72, Issue 12 CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTANAuthor(s): Saimova Sholpan ,Khairmukhanmedov Nurbek, Syrlybayev MaratJ. Ponte - Dec 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.12.11 Abstract:The article deals with the constitutional and legal aspects of inter-ethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The historical development of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan was described after the independence. Main factors influencing the nation state building process was identified and also urgent problems of the inter-ethnic policy were highlighted. Additionally, the challenges of the legal regulations in the sphere of the inter-ethnic policy, lack of the institutional and legal aspects of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan were discussed in this article. An analysis of the situation in this field has allowed to establish the constitutional and legal basis of the model of civil peace and social harmony of Kazakh society. Additionally, revealed the key role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan as the main social, political and legal institution in the sphere of inter-ethnic relations in Kazakhstan. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Identidad étnica y socio-lingüística: Conflictos multiétnicos en Kazajistán

Kazakhstan Republic is the ninth biggest country in territorial extension and it is also an important communication link between Eastern and Western countries because of its situation. The strong migration, both natural and forced movements since the 19th century, has influenced this country, has set it today as a melting pot of cultures and ethnic groups, having to live up to a total of 130 different ethnic groups. This circumstance has favored, from the Government of Kazakhstan, social policies, such as the creation of the «Assembly of peoples» where all ethnicities are represented, in order to try to establish a peaceful coexistence between different cultures which allows them to move from a multi-ethnic society to an inter-ethnic society. In this context is where the research is registered, the one which was commissioned by the Ministry of Culture of the Government of Kazakhstan to the Institute for Socio-Political Research, and to the authors of this article which have participated in this. The objective of this study was to detect those situations which we could call «significant multicultural situations» (Gimenez 1997) in the daily reality of the population and which could be at the origin of the multicultural conflicts. In short, those conflict situations where the distinctive cultural component is the central axis in which the social agents, involved in the problem, take part. The results of this research are those which are intended to present to understand multicultural reality and can help social policies that are designed to be able to take the step towards «interculturality» of Kazakh society and obtain a peaceful coexistence based on respect for each other.

Future Teachers Training For Innovative Activity in Higher Education Institution

This article describes the urgent need at present for flexibly thinking and non-standard acting educators, the formation of which is a holistic, multi-structural process aimed at formation of profound professional knowledge , skills and habits , mastery of modern IT, corresponding qualification standards. Kazakh society demands from young teachers not only a wide range of professional and pedagogical knowledge, the ability to work in small and large study groups and to communicate actively with colleagues and parents of their students, but also a whole number of other abilities designed to provide the efficiency of education and upbringing of younger generation. They include: humanistic orientation, personal and professional mobility, desire for self-education, self-development and self-improvement, creativity, spiritual maturity, capacity for reflection, social activity and tolerance, need to study their own activity, need for innovation ,etc., which are both the characteristics of a new type teacher and her/his value system. The specificity of various subjects, studied in a pedagogical HEI, requires a more detailed and specific design of the issue of the realization of professional -pedagogical orientation of academic disciplines, taking into account their special features. Not accidentally, V.A. Slastenin among issues, which require top- priority development in context of such fundamental problem of theory and practice of higher pedagogical education, mentions the problem of formation of socially active personality of a teacher, points out professional -pedagogical orientation of training. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s4p436

Famine and Kazakh Society in the 1930s

The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of famine in the 1930s and its consequences in the Kazakh steppe. The authors indicate the cause of the hunger which were laid mostly on economic mismanagement and Soviet struggle against the rich peasants. Statistics, concerning food and livestock revealed the wrong data and provided a false favorable situation. The authors considered Stalin's policy as deliberately implemented. It did not take into account the traditional relations: the existent nomadic and semi-nomadic economy. The Kazakh Steppes produced a small quantity of grain. As a result the fast sedentarization, which managed without the necessary conditions, led to the killing and dekulakization of more skilled and effective peasants who might help their poorer relatives overcome the crisis and survive. The Kazakh society lost around 40 percent of its population. The hunger also led to migration of thousands to the neighbouring regions.

Social Structure, Practical Needs and Cultural Inheritance: The Case of Osman Batur, His Behaviourial Logic and Social Interactions

Cultural traditions influence historical processes in the form of structural norms, as well as the ideologies, behavioural types and judgement standards of social actors. This article studies how people react and what social results have emerged from their interactions in a rapidly changing society based on the case of Osman Batur in the Kazakh society in Xinjiang, China, in the 1940s. Although Osman passed away 60 years ago, his influence lives on and the debate on this historical figure continues: whether “East Turkistan Republic” in the 1940s was a separatist rebellion or revolutionary movement, and whether Osman was a national hero who defended China’s unity or a counter-revolutionary bandit. This debate will continue under new conditions and influence ethnic relations in the 21st century.

Batyrs: Historiographical Survey

The paper analyses the historiography of the batyr's role in maintaining the integrity of the Kazakh state in the first quarter of the XVIII - the second half of XIX century. The researchers demonstrate the degree of study of the theme and peculiarities of approaches in the development of the institute of batyrs and its role in the unity of the Kazakh khanate. The researchers identified contemporary tendencies and directions in the study of theoretical problems of the role of batyrs as a social institute ('institution' should have been more appropriate) in the life of Kazakh society. Certain aspects of the problem, such as the term batyr, the social structure of the Kazakh society, the role of batyrs as a public institution in the life of Kazakh people. Modern Kazakh historiography is characterized by a trend away from dogmatic stereotypes, expansion of range of issues under study and attraction of oral folklore materials on the topic that interests people.

Role of Biys in Historical Consciousness Kazakh Society

The objective of the paper: to analyze the biys' speeches to reveal their role in the historical consciousness formation of the Kazakh people. The tasks: to characterize the content-conceptual information of the biys' speeches. Also to describe the means of the rhetoric mastery building. Resolutions: In the research done, there were resolutions made: the biys played an important part in the formation of the historical consciousness of the Kazakh people. They stood out as the precedent personalities who left behind the traces of their activities in the social life of the people and its culture. Their language is exact, expressive and versatile and that testifies to their rhetoric mastery. The biys' names are the cultural signs behind which there are many historical events, situations. They express both the knowledge about the personal characteristics of the biys and the knowledge about their rhetoric mastery and art as the political activists.

Islamic Obligation in Kazakh Customary Law (For Example, the Institution of Family and Marriage)

This article reveals the impact of Sharia law in customary (consuetudinary) law of Kazakh people, which formed the basis for regulations of social and legal relations in Kazakh society in XV-XVIII centuries, including the place and role of Islamic obligations of the institution of marriage and family. After accepting Islam in the Middle Ages, Kazakh people were not fully adopted all the rules of Sharia, but retained its obligations in their consuetudinary law. This influence particularly affected the institution of family and marriage. Islamic obligations formed the basis of many traditions and regulations that were set by this institution. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the mechanisms of the Islamic obligations in consuetudinary law of Kazakh people in XV-XVIII centuries, particularly in the institution of family and marriage. In this regard, authors tried to form an objective view, through a systematic analysis of the place and role of Islam in the institution of the family and marriage in consuetudinary law of Kazakh people.

Legal awareness of modern Kazakhstan society

Abstract: The paper presents the arguments of scientific relevance of legal awareness of modern Kazakh society. This article deals with the problems related to legal awareness of Kazakh society. The purpose of this article is to consider the legal awareness peculiarities of modern Kazakhstan society, connected with the transition from a to-talitarian society to legal state as also to identify the social and psychological factors that influence the effectiveness and impact of rights. Keywords: legal awareness, society, Kazakhstan.Legal Awareness as a category of theory of state and law means the sphere of public, social group and indi-vidual consciousness related to the reflection of legal phenomena, which is determined by socio- economic conditions of the society. In mankind history ideas about the basic functions of legal awareness -as cognitive, evalu-ative and regulatory- were developed, which impact the forming the legal awareness of the civil society.In the modern world legal awareness as relation of people to the right is one of the most essential ques-tions of theory and practice in state activity. Today, the Republic of Kazakhstan stands on the threshold of im-portant socio-political events. The transitional period of state is completed, and it was underline in the speech of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. А. Naz -arbayev on the opening of the third session of Parlia-ment of the Republic of Kazakhstan [1, 1–2]. Enter-ing into WTO, in the number of fifty most competitive countries of planet, is steps on the way of becoming of Kazakhstan as a center of stability and integration in the region of Central Asia. It requires from Kazakhstan soci -ety obligatory compliance with principles of progressive development and of dynamical growth. Forming of legal awareness comes forward as a requesting factor of inter -nal stability of society. Without the developed sense of justice it is not possible to have positive legal reforms, to create wholesome civil society as also to provide inter -nal integrity and external sustainability of state. These and other social processes are a mortgage for having se-cure and sustainable state. As a result, the study of legal awareness, as also its essence, conformities to law and dynamics of development comes forward as grounds for theoretical working of range of problems related to the construction of legal state–socially oriented with sustainable parameters of progressive development. Due to the complex of different relations the necessity of increasing of legal socialization is caused by growing attention from the side of state policy, law enforcement authorities, labor teams and socio-political institutes for prevention of law-breaking in the republic. That is why; we have to work out newly the questions about objective and subjective factors, which determine consciousness of personality, as also about correlation of knowledge and convictions in its structure, about the orientation of aims and valued orientations, about nature of social activity and other components of consciousness and behavior. To our opinion, it is appropriately noticed by scientists, that “heritage of totalitarianism will be felt long; especially it gives about itself to know in a modern transitional period. Moral and legal illnesses of society went so far and got such threatening character, and became the powerful brake for conducting economic, socio-political, legal and another reforms” [2]. Forming of legal awareness takes place under influence of histori -cal experience of society, and also of social experience of different individuals and groups. Legal awareness has a certain structure consisting of two levels — ordinary and theoretical. Ordinary legal awareness, which inher -ent to most people, includes fragmentary ideas about law, frequently incorrect, burdened by prejudices. A theoretical level forms scientific knowledge about law and its essence, about the origin, legality, as also about law and order, legal state and legal responsibility. At this level legal awareness has integral system of views to the nature of law. Ordinary legal awareness forms during ev -eryday life of people, while their intercommunication, participating in trials, mutual relations with law enforce-ment authorities. Prevailing of moral estimation of legal norms is characteristic for ordinary legal awareness [3]. Theoretical basis of research was a study of scientific and educational literature, materials of scientific con-ferences and other materials, reflecting the questions

Kazakh Initiatives on Cooperation with European Union

The author of this article presents initiatives of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop cooperation with the European Union that was initiated through 2000 - 2009. In 2000 the Republic of Kazakhstan proposed to EU Comment cooperation doctrine in Central Asia. The purpose of the doctrine lied in expanding cooperation in the areas of trade, economy and investment; in granting access to commodities and services from European markets; in developing collaboration in the areas of energy, transport, communication, finance and banking. In 2006 Kazakhstan introduced a new set of prepossess to the new European Union Strategy for Central Asian 2007-2013 that was developed under the chairmanship of Germany of the EU in the first half of 2007. The Strategy covered areas of cooperation such as regional integration, economic development, democratization, energy and security. In 2008 under the instructions of the President of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs in cooperation with other ministries developed a state programme "Path to Europe" for 2009 - 2011, which aided the priorities of cooperation between Kazakhstan and the European Union. "Path to Europe" has become a key initiative of the Kazakh foreign policy that was successfully implemented, as well as the most important document aimed at modernization of the national economy and the Kazakh society. In the beginning of2009 using the accumulated positive experience of cooperation with the EU and experience of a number of countries in Europe and Asia, Kazakhstan devised and submitted a concept of a new treaty which was supposed to replace the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement of 1995. The Republic of Kazakhstan's influence eventually persuaded the European Union to agree on the necessity of devising the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.

Etiquette Rules and Intercultural Relations in Kazakh Society after Independence from the Soviet Union

Etiquette Rules and Intercultural Relations in Kazakh Society after Independence from the Soviet Union

Place and Role of the Biy Council and People's Assembly in the Traditional Kazakh Society of the XVIII-XIX Centuries (Following the Data of the Pre-Revolutionary Russian Historiography)

This work is aimed at studying the issue of representation of degree of biys' influence on the khan authority, including one performed through the Byi councils and people's assemblies, by the Russian pre-revolutionary researchers of the traditional Kazakh society. Biys in Kazakh steppes were not only the judges, but also served as clan leaders and were the driving force of the Kazakh society. Their role can be traced in on the works by the pre-revolutionary researchers of the region. Pre-revolutionary sources of the XVIII-XIX centuries show that all the issues of the inner and outer policy of the Kazakh clans were solved by the biys. Here we should point out the fact that such a strong position of biys is characteristic not only for the times of decay of khan authority in the steppe (the second half of the XVIII century), but also for the period of a quite strong centralized authority of the Tauke-khan era. Some sources call the Tauke-khan era the golden century. He shared his authority for many issues with biys and didn't take any serious measures for the Kazakh steppe administration without biys' advice. The degree of biys' influence of the khan authority can be traced in the question of a khan election, which vividly illustrates the force and significance of the biy-batyr class while his electing. Analysing the works of the pre-revolutionary researchers which explain these institutions almost completely, the author make a conclusion that such government authorities allowed controlling the khan's activity and decisions in such a way that no important conclusion could be made regardless of the people's interests. In the conclusion the author summarises that the biy council and people's assembly gradually decline their importance while the Kazakh grounds entering Russia.

Problems of Social Integration for Repatriates in Kazakhstan

The integration of repatriates in Kazakhstan’s society has recently been the subject of much debate in the government, media, and general public. This study explores challenges associated with the social integration (i.e., adaptation) of Kazakh repatriates and provides broad recommendations for how to ameliorate them. The challenges faced by repatriates are now recognized as being highly important to not only the repatriates themselves but also Kazakh society as a whole. In light of Kazakhstan’s potential labor shortage, it is in the country’s economic interests to attract foreign Kazakhs and Uzbeks who can participate in the labor market. In this situation, national security should be designated a priority. Further, to accommodate a large-scale influx of foreign Kazakhs, the nation must consider what forms of social policy are appropriate to meet the needs of this group. This consideration is necessary because presently, the state can afford only a small quota for resettlement and living expenses. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2625

Socialization of the High School Students in Children's Discipular Organizations

At the present stage of its development Kazakh society is going under deep social changes. Personality of students is influenced by negative realities that have wider extension outside of the education system. The science considers socialization as a process of forming personality features that are specified by status and required by society. Also socialization appears as mastering by the person of certain system of knowledge, values and standards that are appropriate in his society or social group. They allow him to function in that society as a fully equal member.

Language planning in Kazakhstan

The political, economic and sociocultural changes that took place after the break-up of the USSR continue to impact the linguistic landscape of Kazakhstan. The historical linkages to the Russian Empire and then the USSR, both of which were characterized by policies of Russification, have resulted in the existence of a highly multilingual society that features widespread bilingualism in Kazakh and Russian. The on-going bilingualism in Kazakhstan continues to significantly affect the growth rate of the national consciousness and the identity of Kazakh society. The focus of the study reported in this article was to understand how the complex pattern of language planning programs is reflected in the linguistic landscape of Kazakhstan and particularly in Astana, the new capital city, by examining how visual public signs (ergonyms) indicate the heterogeneous characteristics of the society and how different agencies work on the problems of language use and attitudes in the country.

The Role and Features of Analytical Journalism in Kazakh society in the Era of Social Media

In this essay, the authors discuss truth as the key quality of journalism and argue that analytical journalism is the way to reach the truth. They separate analytical journalism from news making and reporting, and argues that these require different types of expertise. They discusses several issues that should be addressed in order to improve the area of analytical journalism in Kazakhstan, which include improving the general professional level of journalistic education and the necessity for deeper knowledge in other areas, such as the economy, politics, and literature in order to be able to examine events fully. The analytical journalist, in the opinion of authors, should not only have good knowledge of the field and be able to analyze events professionally, but also be able independently and candidly to process the information.

Społeczny i kulturotwórczy wymiar pielgrzymowania Jana Pawła II na przykładzie pielgrzymki do Kazachstanu

Pielgrzymowanie Jana Pawła II było świadectwem wiary i ukazaniem wolności zwłaszcza religijnej oraz wartości kultury narodów, które nawiedzał. Podstawowym tematem pielgrzymek były prawa człowieka. Podczas pielgrzymki do Kazachstanu we wrześniu 2001 roku papież wyraził swoją solidarność z narodem kazachskim i jego bogatą kulturą. Przyjechał do tego kraju jako apostoł Chrystusa i z duszpasterską troską mówił o istotnych sprawach dotyczących Kościoła i społeczeństwa w Kazachstanie. Wielokrotnie podkreślał fundamentalne znaczenie kultury i potrzebę poszanowania ludzkiej godności oraz wolności sumienia i wyznania. Ukazał wielką siłę, która płynie z wiary i podkreślał, że nie można ulec terrorowi, złu i nienawiści. Wezwał do troski o kulturę i jedności wspólnoty narodów zamieszkujących Kazachstan. Zwrócił się także do młodych, by nie zapomnieli o znaczeniu wiary w życiu człowieka. Przywołując postać sługi Bożego ks. Władysława Bukowińskiego, Jan Paweł II ukazał wielką wartość jego świadectwa wierności Bogu, Kościołowi. Poprzez swoje słowo i spotkania papież podniósł naród kazachski na duchu, umocnił go w wierze i wlał w jego serca nadzieję na rozwój materialny i kulturalny. Zapewnił o swojej jedności z nim i nieustannej za niego modlitwie.

Kazakh Economy in Xvii-Xviii Centuries

By the middle of XV century in Dasht-i Kipchak reinforce ethnic, political association Kazakh tribes and clans and appeared Kazakh Khanate. The main written sources of the event are the “Tarikh-i Rashidi” Haydar Dulati, “Turkic chronicle” Abulgazi, “Jamie at-Tauari” Kadyrgali Zhalayri, “Bahr al-Asrar” Mahmoud Waly “Tauari and guzida-yi nusramet - name”unknown author, etc. At the beginning of the century the Kazakh Khanate XVI strengthened economically and geographically expanded to include a large part of the territory of ethnic Kazakhs. When Kasim Khan khanate population reached 1 million. By mid-century, the Kazakh Khanate XVI strengthened and improved its system of governance. When Tauke Khan formed and acted Khan Board. Changed the social structure of the Kazakh society, transformed Institute sultans biys warriors. The main occupation of the Kazakhs were nomadic herding. All grazing land was not distributed to the season: winter-kystau, spring- koktem, autumn-kuz and summer - zhailau. Cattle, the main wealth of the Kazakhs, gives them food, materials for clothing and shelter, and also served as means of transport and exchange for necessities with neighboring nations. Kazakhs are mainly bred sheep, horses and camels. Kazakhs, especially Bai had several thousand head of cattle. Kazakhs were a great experience and the grazing of livestock in the whole year. Along with the nomadic Kazakhs cattle engaged seminomadic cattle, that is agriculture. Kazakhs are mainly grown millet (container). Significant place in the economy of the Kazakhs held various crafts and homemade crafts, most of which was related to livestock products Surfacing. The main form of nomadic dwelling was yurta. The main food products were livestock - meat and milk.

Adolf Januszkiewicz jako pośrednik oraz spoiwo łączące kulturę kazachską i europejską

The paper is devoted to the role played by Adolf Januszkiewicz, a poet and insurgent in the November uprising, in Polish-Kazakh relations. Agraduate of Vilnius University, Januszkiewicz was among eminent Polish activists sent by the Tsar into exile in Siberia and Kazakhstan. Over twenty years spent in close contact with the inhabitants of the Great Steppe shaped Januszkiewicz’s peculiar attitude to the Kazakh nation. His journals and letters have been translated into several European languages. They still remain an interesting source of knowledge about the culture and customs of Kazakhs then. They are highly appreciated in Kazakhstan as an example of the thorough approach taken by an educated representative of a progressive European culture towards the life of a nomadic people. The positive image of Poles generated by the 19th century exiles has laid the foundations for the friendly attitude the Kazakh have had towards successive groups of Poles who found themselves in their country. At present, the sizeable Polish minority is well integrated with Kazakh society. The legacy of such activists as Adolf Januszkiewicz provides excellent foundations for the advancement of Polish-Kazakh relations.

Lexical Interferences of Kazakh-Russian Bilingual Children of Preschool Age: A Sociolinguistic Survey

Abstract After gaining its independence, Kazakhstan, like any other post-soviet republics, gained a range of new characteristic features one of which is a Kazakh (autochthon) and Russian bilingual society. The article deals with the problems closely connected with sociolinguistic aspects of child speech formation and its development in bilingual society of modern Kazakhstan. During the process of the scientific work, being a teacher of English, the author of the article has been observing the verbal behaviour of children of pre-schools for the last six years. As a result of the data gained, reasons of lexical interferences’ formation of child speech were cleared out; and the source language/languages of linguistic interferences was identified.