Joint Creation Research Articles

SYSTEM OF REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS TO PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BASED ON INTERACTIVE MODEL

Topicality. In modern conditions, science and technology play a decisive role in the effective development of the economies of advanced countries. At the same time, in Ukraine during the years of independence science has lost its influence on socio-economic development due to the lack of an effective system for converting research results into concrete economic achievements, and the state's inability to create the necessary conditions and incentives for knowledge transfer from scientific sphere to production. In contrast to the domestic practice of regulation, which is based on the linear model of innovation process (or "technology push" model), when innovation is understood as a process that begins with a new scientific research, progresses sequentially through the stages of development, production and successful sale of new products, processes and services in the market, in modern knowledge economy dominates an interactive model of innovation. According to this model innovations arise from the interaction between producers and consumers who share both codified and implicit knowledge, and knowledge transfer is considered as a complex, systematic process that involves interaction between different participants in the innovation process and involves the exchange and joint creation of knowledge. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to form the proposition for the application of the system of regulatory instruments for scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy, according to the interactive model, which is based on the best practices of developed countries, namely: identification and characterization of the factors that determine the application of the system of instruments; classification of tools for regulating the transfer of scientific knowledge according to various criteria; formulation of proposals for the use of tools to stimulate the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders, depending on the knowledge transfer channel and the type of tool, in accordance with the linear and interactive models. Research results. The article examines the main factors that determine the use of a system of tools to regulate the transfer of scientific knowledge to the national economy on the basis of an interactive model, in particular: levels of regulation (supranational, national, regional, institutional); knowledge transfer channels (publications, protection of intellectual property rights; joint and contract research; scientific expertise; mobility of scientists; creation of spin-off companies); the latest trends in regulation (departure from linear models in favor of interactive; departure from static practices in favor of dynamic; digital transformation); diversification of regulatory tools (depending on the country's competitive advantages, research, industry). Tools for stimulating the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders are proposed, depending on the model of knowledge transfer and the knowledge transfer channel that corresponds to it, in particular, financial instruments - economic transfers from the state to firms, universities or research institutes, provided that they cooperate; regulatory tools - aimed at stimulating the various parties involved in the transfer of knowledge, including regulations affecting intellectual property rights, obtaining degrees by scientists, etc.; soft tools (tools for shaping the environment) - focused on facilitating relations between stakeholders, mobilization, networking, integration, building trust. Conclusion. The promotion of scientific knowledge transfer activities in Ukraine should be done through the implementation of an interactive regulatory model, which is to introduce a system of instruments to create a favorable environment for the exchange and joint creation of knowledge through financial, regulatory incentives for knowledge transfer stakeholders. Taking into account interactive approaches to knowledge transfer will contribute to the development of modern knowledge economy in Ukraine, and will speed up its integration into the global economic space on an innovative basis.

Review: Debating Yoga and Mindfulness in Public Schools: Reforming Secular Education or Reestablishing Religion? by Candy Gunther Brown

Review: <i>Debating Yoga and Mindfulness in Public Schools: Reforming Secular Education or Reestablishing Religion?</i> by Candy Gunther Brown

Time, being, discourse: Elements of professional friendship in the collaboration between a costume designer and a choreographer

This article examines joint creation in contemporary performance making by analysing the collaboration between two prominent Finnish artists – costume designer Karoliina Koiso-Kanttila and choreographer Carl Knif. Using personal interviews along with performance analysis framed in relation to the Aristotelian term ‘friendship’ as components of this case study, the author draws conclusions from the process of a solo performance and its costume that foregrounds elements of friendship: sharing time, being and discourse. Viewing this relational understanding between parties as an asset, this study introduces elements of a positive approach and tools to achieve such in the making of dance performance.

PARTICIPATIVE DIGITAL CULTURE OF THE FUTURE TEACHER: THE POSSIBILITIES OF EDMODO EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM

This article reveals the features of using the Edmodo educational platform as one of the tools for the formation of a participatory digital culture of a future teacher. The authors present the stages of work on this platform, describe the current results of a pedagogical experiment on the implementation of a system for the formation of a participatory digital culture of a future teacher. The article contains an overview of the multidimensional implementation of educational tools, ways of combining and complementing them, elements of the analysis of reviews of types of users' involvement in the process of participation. The authors emphasize the active position of the personality of participants in the educational process in a participatory aspect when changing and sharing educational digital content. The article defines the role of participation as a key link in the tandem of mediated communication between subjects of educational activity in the digital space. The authors present the results of an experiment in which 125 students of the "Foreign language: two foreign languages" major were trained to use the Edmodo platform as part of the "Teacher's professional guidelines" discipline. The training in the use of this digital tool was based on a participatory approach, which implies taking into account the personal qualities of users in the process of joint creation, implementation, analysis and interpretation of the current and final results of digital content.

Analysis of Social Identity and Co-Creation Activities on the Behavior of Members of Coffee Enhancement Communities in KisahKitaNgopi Café

The existence of a community will have an impact on the community brand being carried. Participation and recommendations of members depend on the identification of community members. Social identification has an impact on co-creation activities by exchanging knowledge among community members. The community targeted in this study was the Komunitas Penikmat kopi who interacted at Café KisahKitaNgopi. The purpose of this study was: 1) to analyze how social identity influences the co-creation activities by coffee connoisseur community members in the KisahKitaNgopi Café; 2) to analyze how co-creation affects the intentions of the coffee connoisseurs in the Story of Coffee Café; and 3) to analyze how social identity influences the intentions of the Komunitas Penikmat kopi at the Story Cafe. Research subjects were members of the Komunitas Penikmat kopi in Surabaya and Sidoarjo who were customers at Café KisahKitaNgopi during the data collection period and could be contacted to fill out the questionnaire and recommend other community members as respondents. There were 170 respondents. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Structural Equation Modelling using AMOS. Results of the study: 1) social identity had a significant positive effect on the co-creation activities of coffee connoisseurs at KisahKitaNgopi Café; 2) co-creation activities had a significant positive effect on the intentions of the Komunitas Penikmat kopi in the Story of Cafe Kopi; 3) social identity had a significant positive effect on intentions in the Komunitas Penikmat kopi at the Story of Cafe Kopi.&#x0D; Keywords: social identity, joint creation, intention to behave, community

THE INTERACTIVE MODEL OF THE STATE REGULATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY AS A FACTOR OF ITS INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

Topicality. In modern conditions, science and technology play a decisive role in the effective development of the economies of advanced countries. At the same time, in Ukraine during the years of independence science has lost its influence on socio-economic development due to the lack of an effective system of converting research results into concrete economic achievements, and the state's inability to create the necessary conditions and incentives for knowledge transfer.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the interactive model of scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy as a basis for developing practical recommendations for state regulation in this sphere, in the conditions of transition to the knowledge economy.Research results. The conceptual base of the interactive model of scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy is substantiated. In particular, the characteristics of the knowledge economy that determine the features of state regulation of the scientific knowledge transfer, namely, the emphasis on the dissemination of knowledge, not on their creation; resource approach to knowledge, and their focus on action. The classification of types of knowledge in the knowledge economy is given, and the special role of implicit knowledge is emphasized, which requires direct contact for its transfer or active participation and presence of persons who possess it. The models of the innovation process in the knowledge economy are considered and the predominance of the interactive model of innovations is shown, according to which the innovation arises as a result of interaction between knowledge producers and consumers of knowledge, which exchange both with codified and implicit knowledge.An interactive model of scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy has been developed and its distinction from the linear model of scientific knowledge transfer has been shown. Approaches to the state regulation of the scientific knowledge transfer have been formed, according to linear and interactive models based on the concept of "market failures".Conclusion. State regulation of the scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy of Ukraine should move away from a narrow understanding of this activity as the commercialization of technology, and reduction of regulatory measures in this area to intellectual property rights protection and "technology push" measures. There is a need for a broader understanding of knowledge transfer as an interactive process involving interaction between different stakeholders, and state regulation in this area should be aimed at mitigation the risks associated with the coordination and network failure of knowledge transfer actors; funding infrastructure and activities aimed at stimulating interaction between knowledge transfer stakeholders, encouraging the exchange and joint creation of knowledge.

BUSINESS AND EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRAINING

"This article examines the area of intersection of interests of universities and employers, shows the qualifications of graduates of regional universities, their readiness for innovative professional activities, work on the latest path and career growth. The possibility of interaction in the active participation of universities in activities to increase the competitiveness and growth potential of companies, as well as in the joint creation of business incubators is shown. The dynamics of employment of graduates of the Kyzylorda State University named after Korkyt Ata on biological education, employment opportunities for graduates were noted. The most promising areas of business and education development in general are shown. The technologies of distance learning and social networks are shown, new opportunities for online learning are presented; the formation of individual educational trajectories and interdisciplinary integrated learning. It shows the training of specialists in the field of biology on the basis of educational programs, the rights of teachers, if possible, the formation of the main elements of doing business in the process of teaching general education subjects for students of the educational program of biology, promoting the development of the local and national economy in educational programs. training specialists capable of planning and conducting research in this area, including those capable of commercializing the results. "

Gender, Collaboration, and Authorship in German Culture: Literary Joint Ventures 1750–1850 ed. by Laura Deiulio and John B. Lyon

Reviewed by: Gender, Collaboration, and Authorship in German Culture: Literary Joint Ventures 1750–1850 ed. by Laura Deiulio and John B. Lyon Karin Baumgartner Laura Deiulio and John B. Lyon, eds. Gender, Collaboration, and Authorship in German Culture: Literary Joint Ventures 1750–1850. New Directions in German Studies, vol. 27. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. 332 pp. This collection offers "collaboration" as a lens through which to scrutinize literary production in the long eighteenth century, in opposition to continued [End Page 379] scholarly insistence on single authorship, in particular by the concept of authorship as literature by "a single (male) genius." The editors remind their readers that the model of single authorship is undergirded by capitalist conditions that created both copyright and literary ownership. The editors and the twelve articles "demonstrate that cooperative work is quite common in literary and artistic production" and the "modes of collaboration are as varied as the artist who practice them." Indeed, several of the articles themselves are collaborations between academic authors. Yet, sadly, the volume is theoretically underdeveloped as the editors acknowledge: no single theoretical approach to the concept of collaboration emerges. Accordingly, collaboration is defined broadly; for example, as joint creation within the confines of a marriage with varying degrees of power differentials between husband and wife. Other collaborations might more aptly be called mentorship or intertextuality or even the "sharing of ideas." Some authors define collaboration as two authors working together; others view plurivocality in texts as collaboration. The messy theoretical underpinnings of collaboration are addressed explicitly only in the opening article. As the concept of the single author-genius was just developing in the eighteenth century, Margaretmary Daly argues that the coauthored texts of Johann Christoph and Luise Adelgunde Victoria Gottsched elude the theoretical models that describe single authorship. This model cannot account for the lived creativity shared by the husband and wife team nor can it account for the editing, rewording, and translating that happens between the first draft and publication. Daly appropriately suggests that the work of literature should be viewed as a function (just like the author function) and not an attributable product. Many of the authors grapple with the issue that voice in collaborative texts is problematic. Does collaboration lend itself to a unified voice or does the ensuing product retain its polyphonic structure? In her analysis of Bettina Brentano-von Arnim's work Die Günderode, Karen R. Daubert traces the most innovative model of collaboration presented in this volume. Die Günderode collapses historical authors and fictional characters in a plurivocal work that challenges normative views of authorship, documentary history, and literary transmission. Brian Tucker applies the same concept to the collaborative diary written by Clara and Robert Schumann. While Daly shows that it is impossible to tease apart the voices of the two Gottscheds, Tucker writes that the Schumanns retained their individual voices creating a dialogue rather than one unified voice. The article by Rob McFarland and Michelle Stott James presents a third model of plurivocality, which describes how the author Elise von der Recke created a virtual collaboration with her younger self in her book about Count Cagliostro. Monika Nenon poses the question of how women developed their voices in the eighteenth century. While many women nurtured male authors, she claims that some of these relationships were mutual, as in the case of Sophie von La Roche and Christoph Wieland. Collaboration in this instance led to the publication of La Roche's famous novel. With her network analysis, Nenon shows that women could be powerful members of literary circles. Salons and sociability also emerge as important loci of collaboration in Tom Spencer and Jennifer Jenson's article about Sophie Mereau. Mereau viewed collaboration—defined as sociability—as necessary for the socialization process of her female characters. Several of the essays are engaged in dissecting the works of male authors to find the contributions of women. Adrian Daub and Eleanor ter Horst attempt to [End Page 380] recover the theoretical contributions of the lesser-known partner in a literary marriage. They both argue that the husbands' works were influenced by theoretical ideas developed by their wives. Daub recuperates Dorothea's contribution to Friedrich Schlegel...

Animation creativity as a factor in the development of children’s giftedness

The main premise of the study is the objective need to find new means for the development of children’s personality in the modern educational process. Scientific and technological progress, the active use of technology and gadgets by children, even young children, the expansion of the use of distance learning and communication, artificial intelligence, and social networks are the realities in which we already live. Therefore, high relevance is gained by the means that are based on information technologies on the one hand but have the potential for the development of children’s personality on the other. What can be considered as one such instrument is animation creativity of children that involves the process of children jointly composing, creating, and discussing a cartoon of their own making. The assumption of the potential effectiveness of animation creativity as a means of developing children’s giftedness is based on the fact that in the process of joint creation of a cartoon, children show and develop several abilities as they create the script, images of characters, their characters and appearances, as they are involved in filming, montage, editing, as well as the presentation and promotion of the finished animated film. Children interact with one another and with technical devices, learn to listen to and hear each other, substantiate their opinion, carry the responsibility for collective work, distribute responsibilities between each other, and bring the creative idea to fruition in the finished product. The goal of the study is to conduct an empirical study to determine the effect of the author’s children’s animation technique on the development of figurative thinking in older preschool-age children. Methods: observation, conversation, measurement, creative tasks, comparative analysis of experimental data.

The Role of New Technologies in Value Co-Creation Processes: Healthcare Management and the National Health System as a System of Services

Technologies may affect the emergence of value co-creation phenomenon within the national health system. The aim is to explore how the exchange of resources between actors connected through multi-level relationships, whose interactions are mediated by technology, can lead to the joint creation of new value and potential innovation. By analyzing the definition of value co-creation, the paper presents the National Health System as a complex service system and proposes a conceptual framework, then applied to the case study to identify: 1) the enabling factors for value co-creation; 2) the network mechanisms and the information interests of the various actors that lead to the continuous renewal of resources, to value co-creation and to innovation. Results allow the conceptualization of the enabling factors for co-creation management and guide managers to identify tools, resources, and technologies that promote value co-creation by improving understanding of the different types of activities performed by actors during the joint exchange of resources and the mechanisms that promote the active involvement of users and patients.

ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ПЕДАГОГА И РЕБЕНКА КАК ФАКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ТВОРЧЕСТВА СУБЪЕКТОВ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The article deals with the development of creativity of a teacher and a child in joint activities to transform the subject space of an educational organization. The level of preschool education is chosen as the level of education, since working in a preschool organization requires constant creativity from the teacher — in communicating with children, in developing events, in planning joint activities. Improvisational characteristics of the professional activity of a kindergarten teacher are one of its leading features. The most important role in the organization of interaction between the teacher and the pupils is played by the developing subject space of the kindergarten group. This article deals with the specifics of the development of creativity of the subjects of the educational process in the conditions of joint visual activity. This aspect is not chosen by chance. The visual activity of a child has great opportunities in the formation of many mental spheres of a preschooler: attention, perception, memory, imagination, motor development, self-management, self-realization and other properties and qualities of intelligence and personality. This applies not only to preschool age, but is also valuable for a younger student who creates more complex drawings, collages, products of application, modeling. At the same time, the works performed by children and presented to others (peers, parents, teachers) create a special atmosphere of joy and the desire of children to improve their achievements, creativity. The teacher is constantly looking for new ideas in the design of the group space, thereby stimulating the process of children's creativity, developing his own pedagogical creativity. The article also presents one of the options for evaluating the activity of preschoolers in the process of joint creation of a kindergarten group with a teacher developing a spatial-subject environment.

Evolution of marketing concepts: from marketing 2.0 to a value marketing strategy

The evolution of marketing, which has brought marketing of the third generation to the first positions nowadays is presented in the article. Marketing 3.0 aims not only to meet the immediate needs of consumers, but also to create new marketing values together with consumers. Changes in the company’s operating environment, and especially changes in consumer behaviour, mean that the challenge for companies in the new marketing is to get to know their customers better - their needs, wants and fears - in order to reach not only their minds but also their hearts and souls. Such a strategy requires a vision, a mission, as well as the values of the companies. The expectation of companies to be more authentic and transparent means that value must be the basis for their functioning. But relying on values alone is not enough for a company’s marketing policy. Firms must change the whole value creation model. Customers as well as other interested parties who are dissatisfied with the existing opportunities offered by the business in the field of solving societal problems, want to cooperate in this field with the enterprises - they want to take part in value creation and new solutions. The author has justified the importance of creating a value portfolio and integrating them into a unified holistic system in the process of forming a value marketing strategy on the principles of reasonableness, fairness, and spiritual consumerism. The hierarchical structuring of value marketing, which companies invest in their products and convey to consumers, was carried out. It was concluded that third-generation marketing involves the cooperation of companies in value creation and problem solving, which are of concern to people. The joint creation of economic and social value not only enables the satisfaction of the deep-seated needs and expectations of the customers, but also the concern for social wellbeing.

Зборка полісуб’єкта спільного створення інноваційних цінностей

The fundamental prerequisite for the harmonization of socio-economic processes is the development and implementation of an internally coordinated system of views that can set up responsible innovation activities that are implemented on the principles of sustainable development. Achievements in cognitive sciences and postnonclassical management indicate that the paradigm of co-creativity can make a significant contribution to the formation of a new system of views on innovation. The purpose of the article is to analyze and substantiate the theoretical and empirical foundations of the assembly of a polysubject focused on co-creation and expanding the cognitive heterogeneity of the subjects of innovative development to activate the innovative processes of the enterprise and increase the relevance of the created innovations. The article examines the main stages of the assembly of the polysubject of the joint creation of innovative values with their filling in the reference points with indicative signs of group dynamics, fixing the qualitative changes in the community. The constellation of the factor of the effective functioning of polysubject environments for the joint creation of innovative values, which are localized according to the main stages of assembly, is presented. The paper shows that the polysubject of cocreation of innovations is able to generate relevant values to the extent that it is able to reproduce the main spectrum of consumer constructs in the properties of the objects being created. A prerequisite for relevant results of innovation activity is the co-creation of subjects with high cognitive complexity, which together form a cognitively heterogeneous poly-subject, capable of leveling the complexity and uncertainty of market and innovation processes with its own variety of constructs. The conditions for effective interaction of a cognitively heterogeneous polysubject is the prerogative of the moderator of co-creativity, who should be focused on maintaining a high level of diversity of subjects – on the one hand, and on the other, to provide semantic and communication connectivity of actors for effective intersubjective interactions.

«Неправильные» китайцы и «захваченный» город: оспаривание городского пространства как выработка практик взаимодействия с другим

На материалах Иркутска анализируется процесс конструирования оспариваемых городских пространств в связи с изменением миграционного потока из КНР. Анализ построен на основе двух серий полуформализованных интервью в логике идей «права на город» Дэвида Харви, Анри Лефевра, Дона Митчела и представлений Георга Зиммеля о чужаке. Проводится сравнительный анализ двух типов городских локальностей, определяемых горожанами в качестве «мигрантских» и «китайских». В городе, знакомом с миграцией из Китая с конца 1980-х–начала 1990-х гг., сформировались устойчивые локальности, описываемые в качестве «китайских»: рынки, автомастерские, автомойки, лесопилки. «Китайскость» таких локальностей описывала не столько доминирующую группу, сколько репертуар допустимых практик взаимодействия с другим. Массовый въезд туристов из Китая в 2015–2019 гг. привел к появлению новых городских пространств, описываемых жителями и медиа в качес­тве «китайских». Такие локальности получили иные визуальные маркеры, которые стали символом нарушения сложившейся ранее конвенции о возможных местах и способах взаимодействия горожан и мигрантов. Меняющаяся символика интерпретируется принимающим сообществом как признак изменения пространства репрезентаций и вторжение в «обжитое пространство» горожан. Если в первом случае «китайские» локальности выступают «местом встречи», площадкой совместного создания и использования городской инфраструктуры, то во втором – пространством конфликта, борьбы за город, выливающейся в локальные бои за историю. Парадоксальным образом ключевыми акторами в конструи­ровании ситуации оспаривания пространства во втором случае оказываются горожане и местные медиа, тогда как мигранты включены в этот процесс лишь пассивно. Переопределение мигрантских локальностей города от места контакта к пространству оспаривания права на город может являться механизмом выработки нового спектра практик взаимодействия. Смена модели поведения Другого требует нового репертуара допустимых исполнений, и именно конфликт позволяет определить новые границы допустимого и одобряемого. Если приезжие не участвуют в конструировании такого конфликта, то за них это делают «местные».

CHALLENGES OF KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT FOR UNIVERSITY SCIENTISTS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM

The article is devoted to the issues of knowledge exchange management between university scientists and employees of small firms in entrepreneurial ecosystems. It is confirmed that in recent decades the role of the third component of the university's mission, which is associated with the exchange of knowledge, has increased, and this changes requirements for joint creation of a cognitive product with external stakeholders, including entrepreneurship.It has been shown that the challenges for university teachers in increasing knowledge exchange are related to strengthening the component of applied research and development related to specific business projects. As a part of the exchange of knowledge, university employees must not just transfer their work to entrepreneurship, but to achieve its assimilation by employees of companies. In the same way, university scientists are faced with the task of more meaningfully studying and processing knowledge on the subject of activities of companies. This approach to joint applied research and development is a challenge for teachers, who, in addition, within education must create a pedagogically developed content knowledge of the subjects, and within the scientific component of the university's mission – to perform basic research. It is shown that three types of knowledge that correspond to modern ideas about the mission of universities are related but different, which requires appropriate changes in their management.The problematic aspects of assimilation and dissemination of explicit and implicit or tacit knowledge within the joint groups of university scientists and employees of small firms are considered. It is substantiated that in the exchange of the results of cognition with the use of material carriers, what is transmitted loses the property of knowledge to be the justified belief, because it goes beyond the mental content of the author's mind. It is proved that on the way of knowledge exchange there are not only organizational and methodological barriers, but also cognitive-communicative gaps. It is established that the socialization and externalization of knowledge in management systems has a cognitive-communicative basis to fail the desired completeness. Cooperation of different activities and knowledge is potentially a means of non-standard and useful solutions in innovative entrepreneurship. But such cooperation and co-production of knowledge is a source for incompleteness of understanding the others, which counteracts the common achievements and requires the attention of managers.

CYBERSECURITY AND INNOVATIVE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The article considers interaction of innovation, cybersecurity, and digital education environment. It has been demonstrated that comprehensive digitalization of society is being accompanied by changes in the innovative potential and educational needs of Ukraine, especially in the development of the human intellectual capital and its protection in the digital environment. Human capital in innovation plays a significant role, especially in the digital age. Young people are considered as a vulnerable group that could be the main goal of cyber cognitive operations and as the weakest link of the System. The analysis of the Global Innovation Report has revealed that the real level of digitalization in Ukraine does not match its actual human potential and creative outputs. Ukraine has faced gaps in the triangle "human capital (potential) - technological support of innovations - creative activity" that should be eliminated to increase the national Global Innovation Index (GII). Human talent and competence (as a capital) are developed in the learning process. It has been noted that a joint project is the weakest link in terms of intellectual capital and the intellectual property right. Personal information about the project competitors is usually not defended. The issues of innovation in the digital learning environment exacerbate the issues of cybersafety of the education process participants.The traditional cybersecurity approach is unable to detect and tackle new sophisticated attacks. The authors have developed a general model of cyber threats in the field of education and mitigation of their impact.The new strategy in cybersecurity is proposed: not only prompt defence, but threat hunting and resilience training of users. Threat hunting can be presented by two approaches: threat detection (reactive) and threat discovery (proactive), as components of the proposed model. The resilience training of users is associated with threat awareness and special cybersafety training. A general model of cyber threats in the field of education and ways to avoid them is presented. Special attention should be paid to the strengthening of the role of media in educational processes in digital environment, as a current area of cyber hazards. The role of media in stimulating horizontal communication in the educational process is growing. Participants in the digital environment are confidently turning from passive consumers to prosumers, and the media are becoming an information intermediary with a double function: a platform for providing access and information exchange in the educational process and technological tools for joint creation of products (creative commons).

Poland’s defense preparations in the context of allied obligations. Legal, institutional, and instrumental aspects

Poland’s accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1999 was one of the most critical events in the Third Republic history. The integration process with NATO’s political and military structures is long-term and requires the constant commitment of all state structures and institutions. Participation in the joint creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Member States’ defense force means, under Article 3 of the Treaty, the states’ maintenance and development of individual and joint capacity to counter armed attack. Thereby Poland is also obliged to conduct defense preparations in the national dimension. It requires providing formal, legal, and organizational conditions for the country’s functioning in the event of increasing the national defense readiness. Such conditions are necessary to perform tasks as part of national defense carried out on its territory and the territory of other states – the Members of the Alliance. The content presented in this article attempts to present legal, institutional, and instrumental aspects of defense preparations in Poland in the context of allied obligations. They concern the need for all NATO Member States to maintain and develop individual and joint capabilities to counter an armed attack. Given the nature of the problem, it should be remembered that Poland’s integration with NATO takes place both in the defense sphere and in economic, social, legal, and political matters.

The Bologna Process and the Law on Higher Education and Science

Abstract The subject of the study is the Bologna Process, its assumptions and course. The article contains an analysis of the Act on university education and science in order to indicate solutions for the harmonization in Poland under the Bologna movement. This movement is characterized as an example of European integration (harmonization) in the sphere of higher education, which was initiated by the Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999. The main idea behind this declaration was the joint creation of the European Higher Education Area. The process initiated then goes beyond the scope of activities undertaken only by European Union governments. The analysis covers the following parts: The scope of the Bologna Process, Further European actors and the Sorbonne Declaration, The Bologna Process today, Implementation barriers was well as criticism. An integral part of the work is the Bologna Process and the Constitution for Science (Law on university education and science).

Introduction of Digital Resources in the Process of Training Musicians-Teachers in Educational Institutions of the People's Republic of China

The introduction to the article presents a theoretical analysis of the modern state of socio-economic relations development in the People's Republic of China and the role of information and digital technologies in this process. The authors considered the planned nature of the educational system based on the educational environment digitalization introduction, for example, in the plan «Modernization of Education in China by 2035» there were identified ten main strategic objectives for the modernization of education, where the main ones include: the creation of a digital educational space; using modern technology to accelerate reform of the teaching model for gifted and talented students; introducing digital formats of educational services, designing a mechanism for the joint creation of digital educational resources and exchange them; promoting changes in education, accelerating the formation of a modern system of education management and monitoring. The research purpose is to theoretically substantiate and highlight the introduction of digital resources in the process of training musicians-teachers in educational institutions of China. The main methods used in this study are the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and open state regulatory legal acts in the field of digitalization and digital support of the educational process. The results and discussion provide generalized information on the introduction of digital resources in the process of musicians-pedagogues training in educational institutions of the People's Republic of China. It is noted that, according to the tasks set, in general the Chinese educational system has positively reacted to the introduction of digital teaching means in the training of future music educators. Chinese scientists have created special platforms and computer products to comprehend the art of music. The acquaintance of future musicians-teachers with digital resources of student training happens gradually and taking into account their digital literacy. The conclusions provide generalized views on the training of musicians-pedagogues in educational institutions of the People's Republic of China on the basis of the educational process digitalization.

Manufacturing Parameters, Materials, and Welds Properties of Butt Friction Stir Welded Joints-Overview.

The modern and eco-friendly friction stir welding (FSW) method allows the combination of even such materials that are considered to be non-weldable. The development of FSW technology in recent years has allowed a rapid increase in the understanding of the mechanism of this process and made it possible to perform the first welding trials of modern polymeric and composite materials, the joining of which was previously a challenge. The following review work focuses on presenting the current state of the art on applying this method to particular groups of materials. The paper has been divided into subchapters focusing on the most frequently used construction materials, with particular emphasis on their properties, applications, and usage of the FSW method for these materials. Mechanisms of joint creation are discussed, and the microstructure of joints and the influence of material characteristics on the welding process are described. The biggest problems observed during FSW of these materials and potential causes of their occurrence are quoted. The influence of particular parameters on the properties of manufactured joints for each group of materials is discussed on the basis of a wide literature review.