SYSTEM OF REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS TO PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BASED ON INTERACTIVE MODEL

Abstract

Topicality. In modern conditions, science and technology play a decisive role in the effective development of the economies of advanced countries. At the same time, in Ukraine during the years of independence science has lost its influence on socio-economic development due to the lack of an effective system for converting research results into concrete economic achievements, and the state's inability to create the necessary conditions and incentives for knowledge transfer from scientific sphere to production. In contrast to the domestic practice of regulation, which is based on the linear model of innovation process (or "technology push" model), when innovation is understood as a process that begins with a new scientific research, progresses sequentially through the stages of development, production and successful sale of new products, processes and services in the market, in modern knowledge economy dominates an interactive model of innovation. According to this model innovations arise from the interaction between producers and consumers who share both codified and implicit knowledge, and knowledge transfer is considered as a complex, systematic process that involves interaction between different participants in the innovation process and involves the exchange and joint creation of knowledge. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to form the proposition for the application of the system of regulatory instruments for scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy, according to the interactive model, which is based on the best practices of developed countries, namely: identification and characterization of the factors that determine the application of the system of instruments; classification of tools for regulating the transfer of scientific knowledge according to various criteria; formulation of proposals for the use of tools to stimulate the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders, depending on the knowledge transfer channel and the type of tool, in accordance with the linear and interactive models. Research results. The article examines the main factors that determine the use of a system of tools to regulate the transfer of scientific knowledge to the national economy on the basis of an interactive model, in particular: levels of regulation (supranational, national, regional, institutional); knowledge transfer channels (publications, protection of intellectual property rights; joint and contract research; scientific expertise; mobility of scientists; creation of spin-off companies); the latest trends in regulation (departure from linear models in favor of interactive; departure from static practices in favor of dynamic; digital transformation); diversification of regulatory tools (depending on the country's competitive advantages, research, industry). Tools for stimulating the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders are proposed, depending on the model of knowledge transfer and the knowledge transfer channel that corresponds to it, in particular, financial instruments - economic transfers from the state to firms, universities or research institutes, provided that they cooperate; regulatory tools - aimed at stimulating the various parties involved in the transfer of knowledge, including regulations affecting intellectual property rights, obtaining degrees by scientists, etc.; soft tools (tools for shaping the environment) - focused on facilitating relations between stakeholders, mobilization, networking, integration, building trust. Conclusion. The promotion of scientific knowledge transfer activities in Ukraine should be done through the implementation of an interactive regulatory model, which is to introduce a system of instruments to create a favorable environment for the exchange and joint creation of knowledge through financial, regulatory incentives for knowledge transfer stakeholders. Taking into account interactive approaches to knowledge transfer will contribute to the development of modern knowledge economy in Ukraine, and will speed up its integration into the global economic space on an innovative basis.