Nehru Medical College Research Articles

Health-Related Quality of Life Among Medical Students

Introduction: Medical education appears to perpetuate stress through its intense academic workload, working with patients and grading systems. Various studies show that the stressful life of medical students can attribute to development of various ailments and deterioration of quality of life. The World Health Organization has defined quality of life as “individuals' perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and their relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Aim: To determine the health related quality of life of medical students and assess their mental status. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate students of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College. A total of 235 students from 2nd year MBBS and Final year part 1 MBBS participated in the survey. The study was conducted after obtaining written consent from the participants and permission from the Head of the Department to conduct the study. Results: The students who participated ranged from the age group of 17 years to 24 years, maximum being 21 years (30%), 164 of them were females. Sixty two percent of the students belonged to 2nd year. According to Beck's Depression Inventory, 23%(53) evaluated to have mild mood disturbances. Overall scores for all 8 domains ranged between 78.2 and 60.2. The maximum score was obtained in the Physical Function domain and the minimum score was obtained in the Role Limitation Due to Emotional Problems domain. Conclusions: The study shows that the quality of life, health related as perceived by the participants is low. Various factors may be associated with this, including time constraints for social activities, heavy workload and limited contact with family and friends. Deteriorated quality of life may affect the attainment of knowledge by the students, their performances as well as their future competencies as a clinician.

Corneal biomechanical properties in hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease.

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to compare the corneal biomechanical properties of hyperthyroids without ophthalmopathy (HWO), thyroid eye disease (TED), and euthyroid participants.METHODS:In this prospective comparative study, one eye per patient included in the analysis and according to exclusion criteria, 38 eyes of 40 HWO patients, 31 eyes of 40 TED patients, and 150 eyes of 160 age- and sex-matched euthyroid participants were enrolled. All participants were evaluated by an endocrinologist and oculoplastic surgeon for evaluation of thyroid function and orbitopathy, respectively. Measurements of corneal biomechanical properties were performed using ocular response analyzer and Corvis ST tonometers.RESULTS:In the HWO group, applanation-1 length (A1 L), applanation-2 velocity (A2V) (P < 0.001), and corneal resistant factor (P = 0.043) were higher than the control group and corneal hysteresis (CH) was lower (P = 0.018). In the TED group, A1 L, A2V (P < 0.001), and highest concavity radius (HCR) (P = 0.027) were higher than the control group, and the CH (P = 0.007) and highest concavity deformation amplitude (HCDA) (P = 0.001) were lower. Furthermore, the level HCDA in the TED group was lower than HWO group (P = 0.011). The level of upper scleral show and palpebral fissure had a negative correlation with CH and HCDA. The amount of exophthalmos level had a positive correlation with HCR.CONCLUSION:Corneal biomechanical properties in the HWO and TED groups were different from the normal euthyroid individuals and may be taken into account in managing situation like glaucoma and refractive surgeries.

English

BACKGROUND There is a worldwide scarcity of cadaver for teaching as well as for research. Many private as well as government medical colleges relay only on unclaimed bodies, but this scarcity of cadaver cannot be replenished with the unclaimed bodies alone. Despite the importance of body donation for medical education, cadaveric donation remains suboptimal worldwide. Body donation programs are still in their infancy in our country. The success of these programs depends upon the ability of our health care professionals in motivating the society at large. Thus, it is crucial that our medical fraternity and health care professionals themselves support and favour this issue. Hence this study was carried out to know the attitude of medical fraternity towards body donation program. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the faculties of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sharad Pawar dental college and Ayurvedic college at Datta Meghe Institute of Medical science, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. Study duration was from July 2018 to July 2019. Inputs from all the study participants were obtained on the basis of questionnaire about the attitude towards body donation after taking their consent. The questionnaire was collected from the participants’ and the data obtained was assessed statistically. RESULTS The study revealed significant negative attitude of medical fraternity towards body donation. It was observed that 21.7 % male &amp; 3.7 % female faculties from medical colleges, 11 % male and 5.71 % female faculties from dental colleges and 25 % male and 10 % female faculties from Ayurvedic colleges were willing for body donation whereas 96 % of faculties from medical colleges, 92 % from dental colleges and 89 % ayurvedic faculties were not willing to donate their bodies for dissection purpose because they had an awful experience in the dissection hall. They had witnessed the dishonoured condition of the cadaver in dissection hall. 95 % of faculties from medical college, 92 % dental faculties and 90 % ayurvedic faculties stated that to get dissected on the table was an atrocious feeling. CONCLUSIONS The success of body donation programs depends upon the ability of health care professionals in motivating the society for voluntary body donation. Negative attitude of medical fraternity towards body donation may interfere with this role. Developing the practice of respecting and honouring the cadaver, from the very beginning of the career will help to change the attitude of medical graduates towards body donation. Competency no AN82.2 from volume 1 UG curriculum, module no 1.5 from ATCOM module may help to change the attitude of budding doctors. KEY WORDS Medical Fraternity, Body Donation, Competency No AN82.2, Module No 1.5

Analysis of primary cesarean sections in NTSV (Nulliparous, Term, Single, Vertex) in a tertiary care hospital in South India

Introduction and Aim: Globally, rising caesarean section rates have become public health concern. Cesarean section analysis and audits using Robson ten group classification system have identified the main drivers of Cesarean section rates (CSR) are the gravidas with previous CS and the nulliparous with term singleton foetus with vertex presentation (NTSV).1-10 Given the low rates of vaginal birth after a cesarean section, once a woman undergoes her first CS, she is extremely likely to have repeat CS in subsequent pregnancies. This increases the burden of high risk pregnancies and increased CS rates subsequently. Reducing primary cesarean sections in NTSV is the key for improving overall health statistics of the institutions. Hence, this one year prospective study was conducted to know the factors contributing to CS in NTSV population in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods: The study is prospective observational study which is conducted in labour wards of department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at teaching hospital attached to KLE Academy of Higher Education’s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, from January 2016 to December 2016. Results: Total number of gravidas who delivered during study period, were 6236, out of which 2494 (40%) were NTSVs. The CS among NTSVs were found to be 849(34.01%). The main indications for emergency cesarean sections in NTSV were fetal distress, non-progress of labour, failed induction i.e. 44.76%, 16.65% and 15.31%, respectively. Conclusion: The primary cesarean sections among the NSTV is an important contributor to the overall cesarean sections of the health institute. The main indications of CS were fetal distress, non-progress of labour and failed induction. There is a need to develop standard clinical protocols for management of these conditions and emphasise vaginal delivery in NTSVs. Also strategies like training the obstetricians in interpretation and management of suspicious and non-reactive

Surgery for Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Hospital Stay: A Prospective Study

Background: With the new changing lifestyles and the control if infectious diseases, cancer is soon emergingto be one of the leading causes of deaths in developing countries like India. Surgical procedure showsimprovement in survival period for a patient at stage II and III after correcting the nutritional status of thepatients. There is a decline in post-operative complication with patients who underwent surgery. Hence thisstudy was undertaken to study the curative and palliative surgeries in the patients of gastric adenocarcinomaand their hospital stay.Methodology: This was a prospective study in which 50 of gastric adenocarcinoma patients who wereadmitted in the surgery department at Datta Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and ResearchCentre, Nagpur in collaboration with Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of MedicalSciences, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra were studied.Results: Majority of patients presented with Stage II (88%) while 12% presented with stage III. 82% patientsunderwent curative surgeries while 18% underwent palliative surgeries. The duration of hospital stays forGastric Adenocarcinoma surgery for Stage II ranges from 6-8 days (median 7 days) whereas for Stage IIIit is 7-8 days (median 7.5 day). A total of 50 patients who underwent surgery for histologically provengastric adenocarcinoma. Out of 50 patients a majority i.e. 88% presented in stage II while 12% presented instage III.Conclusion: On the basis of our observations we concluded that the patients presenting earlier in stage IIundergo curative surgeries most often and mean hospital stay post-surgery around a week.

Popliteal Artery Diameter: A Cadaveric Study

Introduction: Femoral artery proceeds as a popliteal artery from the osseo-aponeurotic opening of theadductor magnus to the caudal margin of the popliteal muscle. It passes through the adductor canal, theadductor hiatus then through the popliteal fossa ends at the lower margin of the popliteal muscle, in furthercourse it divided into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Popliteal aneurysm i.e. abnormal dilation ofthe whole or part of the popliteal artery causes edema and pain in the popliteal fossa. The popliteal arteryserves as bypass grafts in specific location i.e. above or below-knee. It is also often affected by penetratingand blunt trauma of the lower limb. As a consequence, the exposure of this artery is frequently and neededexploration of either in emergency or in elective vascular procedures.Material and Method: The present Study was carried out in the department of anatomy at Jawaharlal NehruMedical College in Collaboration with department of anatomy and Datta Meghe Medical College, NagpurMaharashtra. Total 102 lower limbs of 51 cadavers were included in the study.Observation and Results: In males the mean diameter of popliteal artery at it origin is 6.7 ± 0.7mm onright and 6.6 ± 0.6 mm on left respectively, whereas in females the mean diameter on right is noted as 6.4± 0.5 mm and on left it is 6.2 ± 0.3mm. At proximal to termination the mean diameter of popliteal artery inmales is observed to be 6.9 ± 0.7mm on right and 6.8 ± 0.7mm on left, while in females it is noted to be 6.6± 0.5mm on right and 6.4 ± 0.4mm on left respectively.Conclusion: To conclude the data from the present study is useful for the vascular surgeons, radiologists.

TO ASSESS THE MATERNAL ANAEMIA, INTRA-UTERIAN GROWTH RESTRICTION AND NEONATAL OUTCOME IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BIHAR

Aim: To assess the maternal anaemia, intra-uterian growth restriction and neonatal outcome.&#x0D; Materials and methods: a prospective, observational study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar India. A total of 240 consecutive clinically suspected cases of IUGR with singleton pregnancies at 34-40 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Their socio-demographic profile and hemoglobin levels were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed.&#x0D; Results: Of 240 study subjects with IUGR at 34-40 weeks, 70.4% were anaemic, (48.8% had mild, 20.8% had moderate, 0.83 % had severe anaemia) while 29.6% were not anaemic. Significantly, the ratio of anaemic to non anaemic in antenatal IUGR pregnancies was 2.48:1. A birth weight of less than 2.5 kgs was recorded in 84% of pregnancies with moderate anaemia and 83.8% pregnancies with mild anaemia. Out of the 240 clinically diagnosed cases of IUGR 71.25% (n=171) were from the rural background and 28.75% (n=69) were urban area.&#x0D; Conclusion: Mild to severe anaemia in IUGR may increase the chances of low birth weight and adverse neonatal outcomes but larger studies with standardized definitions and measurements of exposure outcomes to bring about uniformity are required to determine an accurate assessment of association between low maternal hemoglobin and IUGR

EVALUATION OF THYROID FUNCTION STATUS IN SONOGRAPHICALLY SUGGESTED FATTY LIVER SUBJECTS

Objectives: The liver metabolizes thyroid hormones and thereby influences the regulation of their systematic endocrine effects. On the other hand, thyroid hormones play an important role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. Several studies addressed the association between thyroid function tests and non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The results of those studies indicate that hypothyroidism might be related to non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The recognized link between hypothyroidism and elements of metabolic syndrome may explain this relation. The present study was performed to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver subjects. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the Department of Medicine of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College &amp; Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar during the period of June 2019 to May 2020. A total number of 155 consecutive patients having sonographically detected fatty liver from the above mentioned hospitals were included in this study and they were divided into three grades depending on the sonographic criteria. Data were analyzed between these three grades in respect of age, sex, BMI, thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4 and TSH), fasting lipid profile and serum liver enzyme levels. Results: 82 (52.9%) patients had grade 1, 50 (32.3%) had grade 2 and 23 (14.8%) had grade 3 fatty liver. The mean age was found 39±10.9 years in Grade 1, 39.5±10.4 years in Grade 2 and 41.4±7.1 years in Grade 3. The difference was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) among three groups. Male to female ratio was almost 2:3 in the whole study subjects. The mean BMI was significantly higher in grade 3 (p&lt;0.05) followed by grade 2 and grade 1. 128 (82.6%) patients were euthyroid, 23 (14.8%) were subclinical hypothyroid and 4 (2.6%) were hypothyroid. In Anova test, the mean FT3 and FT4 were significantly declined (p&lt;0.05) with increased grade but the mean TSH level was significantly increased (p=0.001) with increased grade of fatty liver. The Spearman’s rank correlation test shows that no significant but a negative correlation (r= -0.101; p=0.175) was found between FT3 and fatty liver of the study patients, but a significant negative correlation (r=-0.277; p=0.001) was observed between FT4 and fatty liver of the study patients. On the other hand a significant positive correlation (r=0.325; p=0.001) was observed between TSH and fatty liver of the study patients. Conclusion: In this study it has been found that thyroid hormone levels are significantly decreased with increasing grades of fatty liver detected by ultrasound. The underlying pathophysiology for this association is still not clear, however several mechanisms have been proposed. So the findings of this study will inspire other researchers to evaluate the thyroid function status with the severity of sonographically suggested fatty liver in larger scale.

EVALUATE THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT ETIOLOGIES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.

Aim: prevalence and the various direct and indirect etiologies of maternal mortality.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The present 1 years retrospective hospital based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur,Bihar,India&#x0D; Results: A total of 56 deaths were analyzed. The mortality rate in study period was 333 per 1,00,000 live births. Maximum maternal deaths (60.7%) were reported in the age group 21-25 years. More deaths were reported in multiparous women (67.9%) as compared to primiparous women (32.1%). Most of them were unbooked cases (60%). Hemorrhage (30.4%), eclampsia (16.1%), sepsis (12.5%) and embolism (7.1%) were the major direct causes of maternal death. Anemia (16.1%) was the major indirect cause of death.&#x0D; Conclusions: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death followed by hypertensive disorders and sepsis. Anemia continues to be the most common indirect cause. Majority of maternal deaths were preventable by proper antenatal care, early detection of high risk pregnancies and their timely referral to tertiary care centre.&#x0D; Keywords: MMR, Hemorrhage, Sepsis, Anemia

TO EVALUATE THE OUTCOME FOLLOWING PROXIMAL REALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR HABITUAL PATELLAR DISLOCATION: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY.

Aim: to evaluate outcome following proximal realignment procedure in habitual patellar dislocation.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur from jan 2019 to December 2019 among 18 patients who underwent proximal realignment for habitual patellar dislocation with a minimum follow up of 6 months and a maximum follow up of 2 years. Radiological assessment was done by measuring sulcus angle and congruence angle and pain was assessed using VAS scale.&#x0D; Results: mean age of the study population was 18.64 years and 55.6% were male and rests 44.4 were female. Mean pre and post operative sulcus angle (132.46, 132.58) and Congruence angle (62.86, 17.81). Two the cases showed recurrence.&#x0D; Conclusion: we conclude that following proximal realignment procedure for habitual dislocation of patella radiological parameters were brought back to normal. There were no significant changes in sulcus angle.&#x0D; Keywords: patella, habitual dislocation, outcome, proximal realignment

Clinical Study of Right Iliac Fossa Mass Pathology At: Central Vidarbha Region

One of the most common problems experienced in surgical practice, which challenges the surgeon and needs the ability to diagnose through knowing the anatomy and pathological process that can occur inside the abdomen, is a mass in the right iliac fossa. The purpose of this research was to examine clinical appearance, differential diagnosis and treatment methods for patients with the right iliac fossa.Study was carried out in the Dept. of General Surgery at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (M), Wardha , Maharashtra , between August 2018 to December 2019. 43 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination, and were subjected to various investigations.In the present study appendicular mass constituted 60.46%, appendicular abscess 09.30% ,ileocaecal tuberculosis 06.97 % , carcinoma caecum 13.95 % , intussusseption02.32%. Patients presented with constitutional symptoms like pain , fever , vomiting , weight loss.Appendicular lump remains the most common entity in right iliac fossa mass patients. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is one of the most common differential diagnosis to be considered for pain abdomen evaluation in rural population. Conservative treatment followed by interval appendicectomy remains the main management modality in appendicular lump. The rare cause of mass in right iliac fossa as intussusception should be kept in mind.

Patients’ case scenario as well as approaches and strategies adopted to manage COVID-19 pandemic at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 and spread like a wild fire to the entire globe and was declared as global pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. With no available cure and vaccine, this disease has taken a mammoth toll on the human life; therefore, SMS (‘Social Distancing’, use of ‘Mask’ and regular hand washing with ‘Soap’) has emerged as a sole tool to prevent its spread. The Indian government declared the first lockdown from March 25th 2020 with subsequent second, third and fourth lockdowns up to 31st March 2020 to decrease the disease transmission and flatten the disease transmission curve. Aligarh Muslim University is one of the prestigious central and residential universities in India. It is located in Aligarh district adjoining national capital region. The university has an attached tertiary care ‘Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Hospital’. This narrative review discusses the various steps and procedures taken up by the university and hospital administration, other functionaries, faculty members and doctors in tackling the serious pandemic until 22nd June 2020. The proactive role of administration, dedication and hard work of health care professionals and innovation of some academicians has given a new vista of opportunities to tackle this global health pandemic. The recovery rate of coronavirus patients at AMU hospital is recorded as 71.9%, which is much higher than national average recovery rate (56%). Thus, AMU model gives some positive insights to fight the current global pandemic.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p. S 28-S 35

Pseudoedematous striae: An undescribed entity

Dermatologic TherapyVolume 33, Issue 4 e13754 Letter Pseudoedematous striae: An undescribed entity Shyam B. Verma, Corresponding Author skindiaverma@gmail.com orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-0517 Nirvan Skin Clinic, Vadodara, India Correspondence Shyam B. Verma, Nirvan Skin Clinic, Makarapura Road, Vadodara, Gujarat 390015, India. Email: skindiaverma@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorBhushan Madke, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorRajiv S. Joshi, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorUwe Wollina, orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2913 Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Shyam B. Verma, Corresponding Author skindiaverma@gmail.com orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-0517 Nirvan Skin Clinic, Vadodara, India Correspondence Shyam B. Verma, Nirvan Skin Clinic, Makarapura Road, Vadodara, Gujarat 390015, India. Email: skindiaverma@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorBhushan Madke, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University), Wardha, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorRajiv S. Joshi, P.D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorUwe Wollina, orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-2913 Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Dresden, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 June 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13754Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume33, Issue4July/August 2020e13754 RelatedInformation

TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND ITS OBSTETRICS AND NEONATAL OUTCOME IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

Aim: to study the effects of teenage pregnancy on obstetrics and neonatal outcome.&#x0D; Materials and methods: The present prospective comparative interventional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. Total 60 patients were divided in to two groups.&#x0D; Results: Majority of the patients (66.9%) were in the 18-20 years of age group. Pre-eclampsia was observed in 26.7% of the patients who didn’t receive vitamin D supplement whereas the group I which received supplementation showed on pre-eclampsia in 6.7% of the patients (p=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study concludes that there is significant role of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women in prevention of pre-eclampsia.&#x0D; Keywords: pre-eclampsia, vitamin D, neonatal outcome, teenage

OUTCOME OF PROXIMAL FIBULAR OSTEOTOMY IN ISOLATED MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

Aim: Outcome of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in isolated medial compartment Osteoarthritis of Knee.&#x0D; Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Orthopedics Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur from july 2018 to jan 2019. 36 patients amounting to 50 knee joints (male and female between 40-60 years age group) with medial compartment OA Knee were recruited. Medial joint spaces along-with visual analogue score for pain were recorded pre-operative, immediate post-operative and at final follow up.&#x0D; Result: Significant improvement in mean visual analogue pain score (VAS), from 7.02 preoperative to 3.39 at the final follow up was observed (p-value &lt;0.001). Medial joint space opening from 1.01 to 4.11 at final follow up was observed.&#x0D; Conclusion: The objectives as well as functional outcome after proximal fibular osteotomy were satisfactory.&#x0D; Keywords: Medial compartment Osteoarthritis Knee, PFO

A micro-epidemiological report on the unstable transmission of malaria in Aligarh, India

India contributes approximately 70% to the malaria burden of Southeast Asia. The transmission of disease in the country is generally hypoendemic, seasonal and unstable. Most researchers focus upon the hyperendemic malarious regions with stable malaria transmission. There is paucity of data regarding malaria transmission in hypoendemic regions, here we are presenting an epidemiological picture of clinical manifestations through a hospital-based survey in Aligarh, India, during 2016–18. Two thousand sixty-eight patients were diagnosed with malaria infection in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JNMCH), out of which 1104 were enrolled for clinical analysis. Ninety per cent of the cases were reported during July–November, and the rest in the dry season. A progressive increase in the prevalence rate was observed during the study period, i.e. 4.8, 7.57 and 8.7% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Of the total cases, 75.77% had vivax malaria, while rest suffered from falciparum malaria. The risk of disease was significantly higher in the age group 0–15 years compared to all other age groups (p < .0001). The infection rate was higher in males (61%) compared to females (39%) p < .0001. Overall 8.6% of the patients had severe malaria who fulfilled the WHO criteria. The increasing rate of malaria infection during the study period and a considerable no. of severe vivax malaria cases warrant an efficient disease monitoring system, pointing towards the need to carry out micro-epidemiological studies in order to estimate the real burden of malaria in the country.

Clinical profile of HIV sero-positives attending ICTC centre in district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh: A Descriptive Analysis

Background: HIV seems to be a major public health challenges for all over the world especially in developing countries like India. Objective: To study the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/AIDS attending a standalone ICTC centre at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A record-based study was carried out among the HIV-positive patients who were attending the ICTC center at Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, AMU Aligarh. Result: Prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 5.04% in and around Aligarh region. Males were more commonly affected than females with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of HIV positive patients (35.82%) belonged to 25-34 years of age group. Most common clinical presentation was fever (46.9%) among HIV positive patients followed by weight loss (36.88%) and diarrhoea (32.55%). Sexual transmission (61.19%) was the most common route of HIV transmission seen in our study. Most of the patients had a baseline CD4 count level below 200/μl. Conclusion: The majority of HIV/AIDS-affected persons were in the economically productive age group. The educational level, occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, and affected region were found to be associated. Heterosexual is the commonest mode of transmission. Most of the patients reported at an early phase of disease.

Anxiety in Cataract Patients, Benefits of Counseling on Patient Anxiety in Routine Cataract Surgery

To quantify the anxiety provoked by cataract surgery and to assess which stage has caused maximum anxiety (preoperatively, operation day, postoperative day) and if counselling in the preoperative stage after admission helped in alleviating the fears of the patient.Ophthalmology Department at Datta Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur in collaboration with Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, Maharashtra.A cross-sectional analysis of patients having routine cataract surgery under local anaesthesia. The hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scale was used to quantify the patient’s anxiety. All patients were operated by manual small incision cataract surgery under peribulbar block.50 patients (22 males and 28 females) were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients getting operated for the first time (35 patients) and second time(15 patients).Highest anxiety in both the groups was found on the preoperative group before counselling. Females were found to be more anxious than in males though not statistically significant.Pre-operative anxiety was significantly more in patients getting operated for the first time than n patients getting operated for the second eye(p=0.06).Post-operative anxiety in second eye patients was significantly more than in first eye patients(p-0.0003).Patients were not unduly anxious during any stage of the treatment. Patients scheduled for second eye had overall lesser anxiety than patients scheduled for first eye cataract surgery. Counselling helped in alleviating the fears of the patient and resulted in reduction of HAD score for anxiety.

INFLUENCE OF WORK LIFE BALANCE ON PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN JORDAN HOSPITALS

This paper examines the impact of WLB on performance of employees in Jordan hospitals. This study is a quantitative research and made use primary data using a research questionnaire as instrument was administered to a total number of 500 respondents selected from four governments and four privates hospitals namely: Al-Bashir hospital (Government), Al Mafraq Government Hospital (Government), Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital (Government),Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Government),Philadelphia hospital (private), Haramain Hospital (Private), Jordan hospital (private) and Fortis Hospital (Private) from Jordan. The result of the study reveals that impact of WLB on performance of employees was significant and joint impact of WLB and motivation significantly influence performance of employees. In conclusion, motivation plays an important role in encouraging employees to perform; a well-motivated employee has a possibility of performing better than an employee that is not well motivated.

Study Of Incisional Hernia At A Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Incisional hernia affects all age groups and involve both male and females. It can be defined as hernia which protrudes through surgical wound which was healed incompletely. Management of incisional hernia requires operative intervention most of the times it may laparoscopic repair with synthetic non-absorbable mesh or open anatomical repair.In partnership with Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College AVBR Hospital (Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences) Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, this work was performed in the Department of General Surgery at Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre ,Hingna , Nagpur. Over a period of 1 year 59 cases of diagnosed incisional hernia were included.33 males and 26 females were included. The mean age was years. Most common cause of Incisional Hernia (IH) post-operative wound infection(49.15%). In maximum cases history suggestive of emergency surgery(86.44%).Type of incision suggests maximum cases in midline incision (55.93%) followed by Pffanensteils incision (28.81%).Open mesh hernioplasty was the common procedure (57.62%) ,Lap mesh hernioplasty done in (25.42%)cases and (16.94%) cases were treated by suture repair. There was no evidence of recurrence in laparoscopic repair as open mesh hernioplasty has a recurrence rate of 03.57% and suture repair cases showed 33.33% recurrence.Incisional Hernia and its occurrence can be taken care of by implementing all standard aseptic precautions thereby avoiding chances of infection at the time of primary surgery wherein thorough peritoneal wash, proper techniques of wound closure and use of appropriate antibiotics is recommended. Management of IH with Laparoscopic mesh repair has its own advantage in terms of less hospital stay, negligible rate of recurrence though it is not cost effective at present scenario.