Isozymes Research Articles

Changes in creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in children and adolescents with vasovagal syncope

Objective To investigate the changes in creatine kinase (CK) and its isoenzymes (CK-MB) in children and adolescents with vasovagal syncope(VVS). Methods The VVS group included 150 patients with unexplained syncope or prodromata[69 males and 81 females, aged from 4 to 17 years old, with the average age (11.21±2.40) years old], who had been diagnosed as VVS by using head-up tilt table test(HUTT)in the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from October 2015 to August 2017.The healthy control group included 99 healthy children[58 males and 41 females, aged from 4 to 17 years old, with the average age (10.78±2.26)years old]with gender and age-matched.The differences in serum CK and CK-MB levels between 2 groups were compared, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the predictive value of CK and CK-MB for diagnosing VVS. Results (1)Compared with the healthy control group, both CK[(93.77±33.01)U/L vs.(125.02±58.06) U/L] and CK-MB[(21.31±6.99) U/L vs.(26.93±8.78) U/L] levels decreased in the VVS group, and there were statistically significant differences(all P 0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, CK decreased in all the 3 types of VVS (all P<0.05), while CK-MB decreased only in the vasodepressor type and mixed type (all P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with the healthy children and adolescents, the serum CK and CK-MB levels will decrease in children with VVS, which indicates that CK and CK-MB may be involved in the pathogenesis of VVS. Key words: Vasovagal syncope; Creatine kinase; Creatine kinase isoenzyme; Child; Adolescent

Genetic diversity of core vs. peripheral Norway spruce native populations at a local scale in Slovenia

We investigated the levels of genetic diversity and population differentiation among core and peripheral populations of Norway spruce along an altitudinal gradient (from inversions to upper tree line) using isoenzymes (ISO) and nuclear simple-sequence repeats (SSR) markers on overlapping set of populations. Twenty-seven to seventy trees from 11 and 7 populations were genotyped with isoenzymes and SSRs, respectively. The results partially conform to the expectations of the central-peripheral hypothesis (CPH) and are consistent for both marker sets. Genetic differentiation among peripheral populations was low but significantly different from zero (FST-ISO = 0.013, FST-SSR = 0.009) and higher than that among core populations (FST-ISO = 0.007, FST-SSR = 0.005), conforming to central peripheral hypothesis. Contrastingly, levels of genetic diversity assessed by both richness and equitability measures did not significantly differ between peripheral and core populations (AR-ISO = 2.20 vs. 2.14, AR-SSR = 17.16 vs. 17.68, HE-ISO = 0.183 vs. 0.185, and HE-SSR = 0.935 vs. 0.935 for peripheral and core populations, respectively).

Effect of Shengmai injection on the efficacy and Th1/Th2 balance in children with viral myocarditis

Objective To study the effect of Shengmai injection on the efficacy and Th1/Th2 balance in children with viral myocarditis. Methods 126 cases with viral myocarditis were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 63 cases in each group.The two groups were given bed rest, oxygen inhalation, nutrition, myocardial and prevention of complications.On the basis of the above treatment, the observation group was given Shengmai injection, 1 time a day, and 10d for 1 course.The two groups were treated for 2 courses.The serum creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), troponin I(cTnI), interleukin-4(IL-4), and interferon gamma(IFN-γ) were measured before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the control group was 81.0%, which was significantly lower than 90.5% of the observation group (χ2=6.78, P<0.05). Before treatment, CK-MB and cTnI of the control group were (142.92±36.51)IU/L, (6.31±0.66)μg/L, respectively, which after treatment were (29.16±2.62)IU/L, (2.71±0.51)μg/L, respectively.Before treatment, the CK-MB and cTnI in the observation group were (140.18±33.14)IU/L, (6.42±0.58)μg/L, respectively, which after treatment were (13.42±1.29)IU/L, (1.62±0.38)μg/L, respectively.The serum levels of CK-MB and cTnI were significantly lower in the two groups after treatment(t=12.306, 14.072, 4.172, 8.334, P<0.05, P<0.01), and the decrease was more significant in the observation group(t=4.118, 2.462, all P<0.05). Before treatment, the IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-4/IFN-γ in the control group were (22.34±9.46)μg/L, (52.19±13.26)μg/L, (0.42±0.12), respectively, which after treatment were (15.26±8.17)μg/L, (60.48±15.23)μg/L, (0.25±0.09), respectively.Before treatment, the IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-4/IFN-γ in the observation group were (23.09±8.84)μg/L, (51.19±14.06)μg/L, (0.45±0.17), respectively, which after treatment were (9.15±5.48)μg/L, (69.42±16.03)μg/L, (0.13±0.05), respectively.The serum IL-4 and IL-4/IFN-γ in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower(t=11.626, 15.306, 3.014, 5.771, P<0.05, P<0.01), and compared with the control group after treatment, which in the observation group decreased significantly(t=4.992, 3.042, P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of serum IFN-γ in the two groups after treatment were significantly higher(t=2.774, 3.618, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, IFN-γ in the observation group increased more obviously after treatment(t=2.148, P<0.05). Conclusion Shengmai injection in the treatment of children with viral myocarditis can improve the curative effect obviously, which may be related to the improvement of Th1/Th2 balance. Key words: Myocarditis; Shengmai; Cylokines

Analysis of liver function and myocardial enzyme level of 395 cases with infantile rotavirus enteritis

Objective To detect the damage incidence rate of liver and myocardium in infantile rotavirus(RV) enteritis. And to provide the basis for prevention and cure of liver and myocardium damage in infantile RV enteritis. Methods The liver function and myocardial enzyme detection results of 395 patients with infantile RV enteritis were collected. These results were compared with those of 40 healthy kids from health examinations. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate amino transferase(AST), serum creatine kinase(CK) and serum creatine kinase isozyme(CK-MB) from infantile patients were (34.49±29.13)U/L, (52.44±24.10)U/L, (141.75±132.22)U/L and (48.69±32.53)U/L, respectively, which were higher than those of the healthy control [(16.00±3.24)U/L, (29.90±3.76)U/L, (101.82±64.56)U/L and (22.32±8.98)U/L, t=4.008, 5.901, 3.982, 5.64, all P<0.05]. The abnormal occurrence rates of ALT, AST, CK and CK-MB in infantile patients were 19.49%, 73.16%, 12.15%, 73.16%, respectively, which were higher than those in healthy controls(2.50%, 20.00%, 0.00%, 0.00%), the differences were statistically significant(χ2=7.128, 47.397, 5.464, 300.239, all P<0.05). The incidence rates of liver and myocardium damage were 19.49% and 73.16%, respectively. Conclusion There are higher incidence rates of liver and myocardium damage in infantile RV enteritis. So for the infantile RV enteritis patients, it is necessary to detect the liver function and myocardial enzyme level. The treatment for infantile RV enteritis should be included liver and myocardial protection except antivirus and correcting dehydration. Key words: Enteritis; Rotavirus infections; Liver function tests; Cardiomyopathies; Child

Clinical observation of arrhythmia after treatment with recombinant human interleukin 11 in elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

Objective To analyze the arrhythmia after treatment with recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL-11) because of down-regulating platelet in elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and to investigate the possible mechanism of arrhythmia induced by in MDS patients. Methods The data of 2 MDS patients with arrhythmia after rhIL-11 therapy were analyzed retrospectively. The patients' hemoglobin, electrocardiogram (ECG), myocardial enzymes, cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) changes, as well as cardiac ultrasonography and Holter monitoring during arrhythmia were dynamically observed before and after use of rhIL-11, at the time of arrhythmia and restoring sinus rhythm after the withdrawal of rhIL-11. Results Before the use of rhIL-11, blood platelet count of patient 1 and patient 2 was 2×109/L and 3×109/L respectively. Arrhythmias occurred in the two patients at 11st and 14th days respectively. ECG showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, and dynamic ECG monitoring showed that syncope was caused by sinus arrest due to cardiac cardiogenic syncope. Heart ultrasound prompted ejection fraction (EF) values in the normal range. Creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzymes, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cTnⅠ had no obvious increase or decrease after rhIL-11 treatment, but NT-proBNP was increased significantly. After discontinuation of rhIL-11 and diuretic treatment, no syncope occurred. ECG restored sinus rhythm, and NT-proBNP was decreased significantly. Conclusion rhIL-11 in elderly MDS patients may induce arrhythmia, which can be restored after drug withdrawal, limited sodium diet and diuretic treatment, but much attention should be paid to the heart-related symptoms and signs, dynamic monitoring of NT-proBNP and timely treatment. Key words: Myelodysplastic syndromes; Recombinant human interleukin 11; Arrhythmia

Correlation of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and glycogen phosphorylase enzyme BB in brain with septic myocardial injury

The incidence of sepsis is on the rise, and the mortality is also high.Myocardial injury caused by sepsis is one of the important causes of death.However, there is no clear and unified diagnostic criteria to sepsis complicated with myocardial injury.The clinical diagnostic criteria of myocardial injury is mainly based on cardiac ultrasound, myocardial markers and so on.But the measurement of ejection fraction is needed to consider the impact of preload and afterload of left ventricula, also the subjective level of operators.So cardiac markers play an important role in the detection of myocardial injury in sepsis and can reflect the severity of myocardial injury and sepsis, especially in the early diagnosis and prognosis.Heart-type fatty acid binding protein and brain glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme type exhibit higher sensitivity, specificity and stability compared to other traditional cardiac markers in the clinical diagnosis of myocardial injury, which are worth to be studied and applied in the clinical diagnosis of myocardial injury. Key words: Sepsis; Myocardial injury; Cardiac markers; Heart-type fatty acid binding protein; Brain glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme type

Effects of polyphyllinIon the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375

Objective To investigate effects of polyphylin Ⅰon the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell line A375, and to explore their mechanisms. Methods Normal human melanocytes isolated from healthy human foreskin were divided into 6 groups to be treated with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 mg/L polyphyllinⅠrespectively. A375 melanoma cells were divided into 4 groups, i.e., control group, 1.5-, 3.0-, 6.0- mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ groups, to be treated with 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/L polyphyllin Ⅰ, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate the effect of polyphyllinⅠ on the proliferation of normal human melanocytes and A375 cells. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was conducted to observe the morphology of apoptotic cells, flow cytometry to estimate cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis rate, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe assay to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , rhodamine - 123 staining to evaluate changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, spectrophotography to detect the level of ATP in A375 cells, as well as levels of lactic acid and glucose in the culture supernatant of A375 cells, and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax) , cleaved-caspase-3, cyclin D1 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) . Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparisons among groups and Student-Newman-Keuls-q (SNK-q) test for multiple comparisons. Results CCK8 assay showed that the treatment with polyphyllin Ⅰat concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/L for 48 hours had no effects on the proliferation of normal human melanocytes, but significantly inhibited the proliferation of A375 cells. The survival rate of A375 cells was significantly lower in the 1.5-, 3.0-, 6.0-mg/L polyphyllinⅠgroups than in the control group (P < 0.01) . After the treatment with polyphyllin Ⅰ, distinct apoptotic morphology of A375 cells was observed under fluorescence microscope. Additionally, along with the increase of polyphyllin Ⅰconcentrations (0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg/L) , there were gradual increasing trends in the apoptosis rate of A375 cells (4.25% ± 1.27%, 10.03% ± 1.49%, 36.62% ± 1.97%, 44.11% ± 2.47% respectively, F = 665.7, P < 0.01) , the percentage of A375 cells at G0/G1 phase (54.13% ± 2.57%, 67.35% ± 3.79%, 74.39% ± 3.29%, 82.29% ± 3.99% respectively, F= 71.81, P < 0.01) , the level of ROS in A375 cells (P < 0.01) , the level of glucose in the culture supernatant (P < 0.01) , and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 (both P < 0.01) , while gradual decreasing trends were found in the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP in A375 cells (both P < 0.01) , the level of lactic acid in the culture supernatant (P < 0.01) , and the protein expression of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and PKM2 (all P < 0.01) . Conclusion PolyphyllinⅠcan effectively induce A375 cell apoptosis by promoting the production of ROS in A375 cells and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and arrest A375 cells at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting the expression of PKM2 and Cyclin D1. Key words: Melanoma; Cell line, tumor; Apoptosis; Reactive oxygen species; Cell proliferation; Polyphyllin Ⅰ

The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation in the protective effects of preconditioning with endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by low dose tunicamycin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective To evaluate the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation (p-GKS-3β) in the protective effects of preconditioning with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by tunicamycin (TM) against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, TM [Rats were treated by TM (0.6 mg/kg) at 30 min before model established], I/R, and TM+ LY [Rats were treated by TM (0.6 mg/kg) and protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor LY294002 (10 mg/kg) before model established]. The models of I/R were established by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 0.5 h followed by reperfusion for 2 h. Blood samples were withdrawn from carotid artery after thoracotomy and 2 h after reperfusion. The levels of creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were detected. The expression of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and p-GSK-3β in the heart at the end of the I/R was examined by Western blotting in all groups. The myocardial apoptosis index (AI) was measured using terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling in all groups. Results The levels of CK-MB, LDH and AI in TM+ LY group were higher than TM group[(987±103) U/L vs. (746±99) U/L, t=2.945, P=0.006; (4 761±636) U/L vs. (3 681±518) U/L, t=2.789, P=0.008; (18.7±2.9)% vs. (14.4±2.8)%, t=2.864, P=0.007; respectively] at 2 h after reperfusion. The expressions of p-Akt, p-GSK-3β protein in TM group (0.613±0.068, 0.717±0.086 respectively) and TM+ I/R group (0.364±0.046, 0.452±0.053) were higher than I/R group (0.251±0.032, 0.232±0.031), but expressions in TM group were higher than TM+ LY group at 2 h after reperfusion (t=2.925, P=0.006; t=2.858, P=0.007; respectively). Conclusion Preconditioning with ERS induced by low dose TM attenuates I/R injury, which may be associated with GSK-3β phosphorylation level by Akt-GSK-3β pathway in rats. Key words: Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Preconditioning; Glycogen synthase kinase-3β

Bio-techniques for improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in walnut (Juglans regia)

Walnut, Juglans regia (L.) is an economically significant plant for its immense nutritive and economic value. The breeding character of walnut has lent it a wide diversity in genetic characteristics. The principal vegetative and common traditional agronomic traits together with biochemical characterization i.e., karyotyping and isoenzyme expression have been the early research methods. However, these techniques are time-consuming and susceptible to the environmental variations. Literature is meager in the distribution, applied applications in general and the use of agriculture biotechnology in particular in case of walnut plants. The bio-techniques like molecular markers are adequate in number and there is little or no diversity in the method employed for research on walnuts. Despite basic research method, the organization of information, its retrieval and presentation structures, form elaboration experienced immense advancement via molecular markers such as RFLP, ISSR, RAPD AFLP, SSR and SNP. This appraisal in its first part provides detailed information regarding the present scenario of data on biogeographical distribution, health benefits of walnut worldwide and current applications in the agroforestry management, biochemical evaluations and applied uses of a walnut tree which is relevant for both basic and applied research. The review in its second part sheds light on the application of sophisticated agricultural biotechnology techniques such as use of molecular markers to evaluate, realize the full potential of walnut for increasing its quality, quantity and for its sustainable production which cannot be obtained through usual breeding techniques to meet the demands of a projected world population.

The changes of laboratory indexes in children with hepatoblastoma between pre-treatment and post-treatment with pirarubicin chemotherapy

Objective To investigate the laboratory indexes changes of cardiotoxicity before and after pirarubicin(THP)chemotherapy in children with hepatoblastoma(HB). Methods The clinical data of 76 cases were collected whose were postoperative HB children and were given THP chemotherapy from January 2012 to June 2015 in our hospital.Changes of serum laboratory indexes including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and creatine kinase isoenzymes(CKMB)were analyzed by statistical methods between pre-treatment and post-treatment with THP. Results There was no definite cardiotoxicity case in 76 children with HB.The serum NT-proBNP level of pre-treatment was(80.93±74.13)ng/L and the level of post-treatment was(211.85±211.42)ng/L.The changes of serum NT-proBNP showed statistical difference(P=0.00, P 0.05). The pre-treatment level of CKMB was(23.08±13.52)U/L and post-treatment level was(30.90±13.92)U/L.The changes of serum CKMB level showed statistically difference(P=0.00, P<0.05). Conclusion The serum NT-proBNP level of postoperative HB was significantly increased after given THP chemotherapy, which might have a certain clinical significance for early monitoring of cardiotoxicity. Key words: Cardiotoxicity; NT-proBNP; CKMB; Hepatoblastoma

High risk factors analysis of new dysfunction during pediatric intensive care

Objective To investigate the high risk factors of new dysfunction in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods A retrospective cohort case control analysis was performed in order to investigate the 906 patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2015 to January 2016.Assessment of Functional Status Scale(FSS) was performed at both admission and discharge.According to the new dysfunction diagnostic criteria, all cases were divided into new dysfunction group and control group.The 2 groups were compared in gender, glucocorticoids application time, mechanical ventilation application time, sedation application time, neuromuscular blockers application time, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, leukocyte, hemoglobin and C-reactive protein.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to screen the risk factors leading to new dysfunction.All cases were divided into high risk factors group and control group according to the risk factors.The 2 groups were compared in initial FSS, FSS of discharge, ΔFSS and the discharge FSS of mental status domain, FSS of sensory domain, FSS of communication domain, FSS of motor domain, FSS of feeding domain, and FSS of respiratory domain. Results Among the 906 cases, 547 cases were male and 359 cases were female, and average age was (28.1±1.9) months.There were 81 cases in new dysfunction group and 825 cases in control group.Factors such as mechanical ventilation application time[(3.7±0.5) d vs.(1.1±0.1) d], glucocorticoid application time [ (3.2±0.6) d vs.(1.7±0.1) d], sedation application time[(4.7±0.7) d vs.(1.7±0.1) d], neuromuscular blockers application time [(0.7±0.3) d vs.(0.1±0.03) d], albumin[(35.6±0.8) g/L vs.(40.5±0.2) g/L], creatine kinase isoenzyme [(75.8±12.4) U/L vs.(49.7±2.6) U/L] had significant diffe-rences between the new dysfunction group and the control group(all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that more than 7 days of mechanical ventilation, more than 7 days of glucocorticoids application, more than 7 days of sedation application, hypoalbuminemia were risk factors to develop new dysfunction[OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.62-0.78), OR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.75-0.94), OR=0.75 (95% CI: 0.68-0.84), OR=0.68 (95% CI: 1.06-1.16), all P<0.05]. In the more than 7 days of mechanical ventilation group, FSS at discharge, FSS of mental status, FSS of sensory, FSS of communication, FSS of motor, FSS of feeding, FSS of respiratory were significantly diffe-rent from those of the mechanical ventilation application time≤7 d group(all P<0.05). In the more than 7 days of glucocorticoids application group, FSS of mental status, FSS of sensory, FSS of communication were significantly different from those of the glucocorticoids application time≤7 d group(all P<0.05). In the more than 7 days of sedation application group, FSS at discharge, FSS of mental status, FSS of sensory, FSS of communication, FSS of motor were significantly different from those of the sedation application time≤7 d group(all P<0.05). Conclusion More than 7 days of mechanical ventilation, glucocorticoids application and sedation application not only increase the incidence of new dysfunction, but also affect mental, sensory, communication, motor function, the muscle and cognitive function at discharge and prognosis. Key words: New morbidity; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; Intensive Care Unit acquired weakness; Risk factors; Child

Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy, thermal properties and carbonic anhydrase activities of new metal(II) complexes with mefenamic acid and picoline derivatives

AbstractThe mononuclear six metal(II) complexes ([Co(mef)2(3-pic)2(CH3OH)2] (1), [Ni(mef)2(3-pic)2(CH3OH)2] (2), [Cu(mef)2(3-pic)2] (3), [Co(mef)2(4-pic)2] (4), [Ni(mef)2(4-pic)2] (5), and [Cu(mef)2(4-pic)2] (6) with mefenamic acid and picoline ligands were synthesized, characterized, and their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities were evaluated. The six complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. The crystal structures of 1, 3, and 6 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The complexes have octahedral geometry. In 1, the mefenamato ligand behaved as monodentate whereas in 3 and 6, the mefenamato ligand acted as a bidentate ligand. Complexes 3 and 6 consist of the mefenamate and 4-picoline ligands. In 1, unlike the other complexes, methanol acted as a ligand and was involved in the coordination. Carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes were purified from human erythrocytes. The in vitro effects of mefenamic acid, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, and the six me...

Study on the evaluation of different levels of QRS-T angle in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the evaluation of different levels of QRS-T angle in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 186 AMI patients from January 2010 to May 2016 in our hospital as the research object. The review method was used to analyze the clinical and follow-up data of the patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), plane QRS-T angle, white blood cell (WBC) and isoenzyme count and creatine (CK-MB) were evaluated and compared. Results ⑴ The age of the patients with heart failure was larger than that in the patients with normal heart function, and the proportion of myocardial infarction and hypertension and diabetes distributionthe in two groups had statistically significant difference (P<0.05); ⑵ The WBC and CK-MB levels of patients with normal cardiac function were lower than those in patients with heart failure. The planar QRS-T angle <50 degrees, between 90 degrees and 100 degrees and more than 100 degrees were statistically significant between normal heart function patients and failure heart function patients (P<0.05), and with the decrease of LVEF the levels of QRS-T angle increased; ⑶ The sensitivity and specificity of 90 degrees≤QRS-T angle<100 degrees and QRS-T angle greater than 100 degrees were 96.32% and 95.98%, 95.02% and 94.68%, and those were different with the sensitivity and specificity of WBC, CK-MB and other QRS-T angle(P<0.05). Conclusions Different planar QRS-T angle on the evaluation of cardiac function insufficiency has certain clinical value, but when the 90°≤QRS-T angle<100° and QRS-T angle≥100° have better sensitivity and specificity with no difference between two QRS-T angles. The QRS-T angle≥ 90° can be used as one of the indicators for the evaluation of cardiac function insufficiency. Key words: Myocardial infarction; Electrocardiography; Stroke volume; Leukocyte count; Creatine kinase

Esterase Profile in Drosophila mercatorum pararepleta (Diptera; Drosophilidae), a Non-cactophilic Species of the repleta Group: Development Patterns and Aspects of Genetic Variability.

Luciana Paes de Barros Machado, Natalia Silva Alves, Jaqueline de Oliveira Prestes, Gabriela Ronchi Salomón, Daiane Biegai, Thais Wouk, and Rogério Pincela Mateus (2017) Esterases are a diversified group of isozymes that performs several metabolic functions in Drosophila. In the D. repleta group, this class of enzymes was well described in cactophilic species, existing a lack of studies considering substrate speci city and life cycle expression in the non-cactophilic species. The larvae of cactophilic species of the D. repleta group develop in rotting cacti cladodes, but adults are generalists. Thus, different patterns expression can be found for esterases throughout development. In this work we analyzed esterase pro le and substrate speci city during development, and genetic variability aspects in D. mercatorum pararepleta, a non-cactophilic and generalist species of D. repleta group that was understudied hitherto. Samples of 3rd (F3) and 104th (F104) generations of three D. mercatorum pararepleta strains, obtained after collections in xerophytic enclaves of southeastern Brazil (ITI and SER in São Paulo state and RIP in Paraná state), and of D33 strain (obtained from Cristalina-GO, Midwest of Brazil, and established in the laboratory in 1987) were analyzed. Eight esterase loci, EST-1 to EST-8, were detected. EST-1 and EST-2 were adult exclusive. Only EST-3 and EST-8 were monomorphic; all the others presented between two (EST-6) and six (EST-7) alleles. EST-7 was the only dimeric locus and also the only one that showed to be a preferably β-esterase regarding affinity to α- and β-naphthyl acetates as substrates. The other seven loci were divided into three classes: α-esterase exclusive (EST-2); preferably α-esterase (EST-3, EST-4, EST-5 and EST-8); and α/β-esterase (EST-1 and EST-6). The EST-3, EST-5 and EST-6 loci were not detected in all samples, suggesting that they could have become pseudogenes due to the mutation accumulation after the gene duplication. The allele frequency of EST-7 locus, which showed the highest number of alleles, in adults of D33 and SER-F3 evidenced a higher variability and diversity in the oldest strain (six alleles, Ho = 0.46) than in the youngest ( five alleles, Ho = 0.26). Moreover, the analysis of SER-F104 revealed that this locus became monomorphic. The higher variability in the strain established in the laboratory at least two decades ago, together with the allele fixation in the SER-F104, indicate that the SER strain probably suffered a more severe action of founder effect/bottleneck when it was established in the laboratory and, therefore, even if the maintenance afterwards was performed using a high number of individuals, it did not assured the conservation of the existing genetic variability.

Performance evaluation of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotypes and taxa on human and animal blood agar culture media

The performance characteristics of growth, morphological aspects and hemolytic activities of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) strains were studied on twelve types of blood agar (BA) culture media (sheep, bovine, horse, rabbit and human). ORSA isolates were also previously characterized by isoenzymes genotyping and genetic and grouping analysis. Variations in the diameter of the colonies were detected among seven sets of BA media. In terms of morphology, 99, 53 and 98% presented shiny, yellow, and glossy colonies, respectively, regardless of the type of BAs. The rabbit BA favored the expression of hemolysins for most isolates (74%), followed by the human BA and other animal BAs. Certain BA media promoted the expression of hemolysins; however, the expression was correlated with a deficit in the colonial growth potential and vice-versa. The data point to the existence of two or more isolates genetically identical or highly related: (i) that either share or do not share the same wild species-specific phenotypes related to appearance without any influence from the external environment, and that are (ii) potentially virulent depending on the external environment. This study also suggestes the use of rabbit BA for the phenotypical characterization of S. aureus. Key words: Colonial morphology, hemolysis, human and animal blood agar, oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, clinical microbiology.

Analysis of risk factors of postmyocardial infarction syndrome in female patients with acute coronary syndromes

Objective To analyze the risk factors of postmyocardial infarction syndrome(PMIS)to female patients with acute coronary syndromes(ACS). Methods 258 female patients with ACS complicated with myocardial infarction were selected, of whom 24 patients with PMIS. The clinical data of the two groups were compared and made Logistic regression analysis with different factors to get independent risk factors for PMIS. Results Of 258 female patients with ACS complicated with myocardial infarction, 24 patients with PMIS, the proportion was 9.30%. The age, infarct size, fibrinogen(FIB) level, creatine kinase isoenzymes(CK-MB) level and troponin I(cTnI) level of PMIS group were (64.95±4.95)years old, (11.65±1.52)cm, (2, 6.91±1.86)g/L, (36.91±2.46)ng/L, (8.91±1.54)ng/L, respectively, which were higher than those in non-PMIS group[(56.18±4.83)years old, (8.83±1.49)cm2, (5.41±1.58)g/L, (33.88±2.25)ng/L, (6.40±1.17)ng/L](t=8.452, 8.814, 4.354, 6.229, 9.695, all P﹤0.05). The proportion of patients with smoking and drinking habits, proportion of patients with underlying diseases, proportion of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, proportion of patients with heart and stalk history, proportion of patients with Killip grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ were 16.67%, 37.50%, 20.83%, 66.67%, 66.67%, respectively, which were higher than those in non-PMIS group (4.70%, 11.97%, 8.97%, 31.20%, 31.20%, χ2=5.692, 11.553, 4.378, 12.120, 7.172, all P﹤0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that basic disease, history of myocardial infarction, infarct size, Killip classification, CK-MB level and cTnI level were independent risk factors for PMIS. Conclusion The combination of basic disease, history of myocardial infarction, larger infarct size, higher Killip classification, high CK-MB level and high cTnI level can increase the risk of PMIS in female patients with ACS. Key words: Acute coronary syndromes; Postmyocardial infarction syndrome; Risk factor

The effect of desflurane on hemodynamics and myocardial protection in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Objective To evaluate the effect of desflurane on hemodynamics and myocardial protection in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (OPCABG). Methods Fifty patients, scheduled for OPCABG, were randomly assigned to two groups: the desflurane group (D group, n=25) and the propofol group (P group, n=25). For all patients, 10 mg morphine and 3-5 mg midazolam were intramuscularly injected before anesthesia. 0.1-0.2 mg/kg etomidate was used for anesthesia induction followed by rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and sufentanil 1-2 μg/kg for all patients. For all patients, sufentanil 0.5-1.0 μg/(kg·h) and Cisatr-curium 0.5- 1.0 mg/(kg·h) were maintained. Desflurane 0.7-1.5 MAC was maintained in D group. Propofol 2-8 mg/kg was maintained in P group. Manometry was conducted through puncture in radial artery and right internal jugular vein for all patiens. The changes in cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (ABP), right atrial pressure (CVP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) were monitored perioperatively. Bispectral index (BIS) was maintained at 40- 60. Temperature and urine were monitorred routinely. Before and 6, 12, 24 and 36 h after operation, blood samples were collected to measure troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Results Plasma cTnⅠ and CK-MB levels in postoperative period were higher than the preoperative baseline in both groups. cTnⅠ and CK-MB level were significantly higher in P group than in D group [(0.77±0.38) vs. (0.96±0.42), P=0.034; (23.79±5.96) vs. (28.13±7.51), P=0.042]. Conclusion Our results suggest that desflurane combined sufentanil anesthesia provides better management of reduced myocardial injury and less intropic agents usage in OPCABG. Key words: Desflurane; Off-pump coronary artery bypass; Hemodynamic; Myocardial protection

INDUCTION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND ISOZYMES PROFILE OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES UNDER COMPATIBLE AND INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS WITH FUSARIUM WILT

Chickpea genotypes (ten desi and eight kabuli), differing in their reaction to Fusarium wilt, were grown in Fusarium infested soil and screened for wilt resistance and susceptibility. The root and leaf tissues of highly resistant (desi WR 315 and kabul KAK 2) and highly susceptible (desi JG 62 and kabul L 550) chickpea genotypes were collected during disease development stages under pathogen infestation and non-infestation conditions. They were analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activities and isozymes profiling. The specific activities of ROS scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT) were found higher in the root and leaf tissues under compatible interactions (infection) compared with incompatible (non-infested or non-infected?) during disease development stages. The susceptible compatible interactions of desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes induced systemic antioxidant bursts (SOD, GPX, APX, PPO, CAT) efficiently after Fusarium infection. The isozymes profiling of SOD, APX, PPO, CAT agreed with the enzyme activities and also showed differences in GPX zymogram pattern distinctive in the root of kabuli resistant KAK 2 during infection stage (S2). However, nativePAGE electrophoregram revealed distinctive bands for infected root tissues of desi resistant WR 315 (novel) and kabuli resistant KAK 2 (correlated with GPX isoforms) at S2 stage. The SOD, GPX, and PPO isoforms are more diverse and associated with Fusarium interactions during disease development stages. The results explained production of an oxidative burst and related responses during Fusarium wilt infection of desi and kabuli chickpea genotypes.

Analysis of the risk factors of delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Objective To explore the risk factors for the development of delayed neuropsychologic sequelae(DNS) and to characterize the clinical course following the development of DNS in acute CO poisoning cases. Methods This study included 79 cases of acute CO poisoning, and they were divided into two groups consisting of 13 cases who developed DNS and 66 cases who did not.The generally conditions of the two groups [including age, gender, exposure environment, the time of coma, whether through referral, the severity of disturbance of consciousness, computed tomography(CT) abnormal, first time to see a doctor if hyperbaric oxygen therapy] and laboratory index[carbon oxygen hemoglobin(COHb), WBC, creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), hospitalization time, HBO] were analyzed by single factor variance analysis, Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test. Results Compared with the non DNS group, in the DNS group, JCS score was significantly higher[(200.4±107.24)points vs.(94.55±52.71)points, U=8.373, P<0.01], CT abnormal skull increased(76.9% vs.6.2%, χ2=9.548, P<0.01), CK[(5976.33±4 371.92)IU/L vs.(2 384.67±650.86)IU/L, F=6.877], CK-MB[(51.22±33.28)IU/L vs.(23.47±15.66)IU/L, F=4.329], LDH[(395.80±270.04)IU/L vs.(221.87±101.95)IU/L, F=1.012] increased, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups by single factor analysis(all P<0.01). The patients with DNS had longer hospitalized time[(283.27±251.08)d vs.(37.93±37.18)d, F=2.283] and HBO time[(51.62±16.69)d vs.(7.70±5.38)d, F=6.428], there were statistically significant differences between the two groups by single factor analysis(all P<0.01). Conclusion In patients with the characteristics identified in this study, administration of HBO therapy should be proactively considered after informing their family at initial stage, thus to decrease the risk of developing DNS. Key words: Carbon monoxide poisoning; Hypoxia, brain; Risk factors

Clinical study of high risk factors for poor prognosis in the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To analyze high risk factors for poor prognosis in the refractory neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted at NICU in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical university.The newborns with NRDS, chest radiograph for grades 3 and 4, who required mechanical ventilation and pulmonary surfactant(PS) therapy were recruited from January 2014 to December 2015.According to treatment rusults, they were divided into death group(21 cases) and survival group(25 cases). Data regarding antenatal corticosteroid administration, maternal high risk factors, the basic situation of neonatal in the perinatal period, surfactant applications, the blood routine, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase(CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB), blood coagulation function with the first 24 hours after birth were collected and analyzed. Results The frequency of using PS in the death group and the survival group was (2±0.9) times and (1.5±0.6) times, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=2.131, P=0.039). Dangerous placenta previa in death group was 19%(4/21), in the survival group was 0%(0/25), the two groups had statistical differences(χ2=5.215, P=0.022). CK in death group was( 541.5±399.1) U/L, in the survival group was (345.4±173.3) U/L, the difference between of the two groups was statistically significant(t=2.224, P=0.031). Prothrombin time(PT) in the death group was (23.2±6.3) s, in the survival group was (18.5±3.6) s, there was a significant difference between the two groups(t=3.008, P=0.039). Maternal risk factors of premature rupture of the survival group(38.9%) was higher than that of death group(5.0%), the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=4.29, P=0.038). The application of prenatal hormone NRDS newborns were more likely to survive, there was statistical difference between two groups(χ2=5.197, P=0.023). Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that PT was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of NRDS. Conclusion PT is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Key words: Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Newborn; Prothrombin time; Pulmonary surfactant; Prognosis