Book Reviews 125 may, for instance, overestimate the influence of the German Zionists. I am still not completely sold on the idea ofWestem Jewry, and the author does not really treat the American, British, and German groups as fully as he might-he also does not mention French Jews. Readers who are not familiar with the history of Zionism would be aided by an overview of this period. While the Zionists were certainly very active raising money and acquiring land, the movement was floundering in its attempt to move many assimilated Jews to doing more than merely assuaging their consciences by contributing to the Keren Hayesod. Despite the successes the WZO had in the 1920s, had it not been for Hitler one wonders what would have happened to the movement. Nonetheless, as Berkowitz shows, the movement in many ways hurt itself by its grandstanding and duplicity in some areas. He also brings out that, like other national movements, the Zionists had to be romantic in the way they imagined their own history and future. Overall, though, this book opens up further areas of research and sets a high standard for scholarship. There is little doubt that Professor Berkowitz has an excellent command of both the primary and secondary sources and has written a book that all scholars interested in the period will have to read. Glenn R. Sharfman Department ofHistory Hiram College To Rule Jerusalem, by Roger Friedland and Richard Hecht. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 554 pp. $39.95. We are told at the outset of this fine study that To Rule Jerusalem is "an historical and ethnographic account ofthe twentieth-century struggle for Jerusalem," but this doesn't begin to tell the entire story found within the pages ofthis substantial volume. Students ofJerusalem, whether interested in the city's politics, its history, its ethnic conflicts, or virtually any of the other possible dimensions of tension found there, know that the questions of who will rule the city, and what, exactly, "the city" really means, are numerous and quite complex. Historians, geographers, sociologists, ethnographers, political scientists, and many others have written for years and years about Jerusalem, about its fundamental divisions, and about the conflict over who will rule over Jerusalem. These, yet again, are the focus ofattention in this study. The interesting twist to the examination by Friedland and Hecht in this volume is that they not only study the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over which population will ultimately rule Jerusalem, but they also examine conflicts within these two groups that exist between those whose primary emphasis is on secular (and democratic) political institutions, and those whose primary emphasis is on religious dogma. Thus we not only 126 SHOFAR Winter 1998 Vol. 16, No.2 [md here chapters dealing with "The Two Zions: Jews Against Zionism in Jerusalem," but we also [md chapters dealing with "The Islamic Challenge," and the link between Jerusalem (Al-Quds) and other Islamic cities. This approach serves to remind us, yet again, that "The Jerusalem Question" is a very complex one and goes far beyond the question ofwhich national flag will ultimately fly over different neighborhoods of the city. The authors point out early on that they approach this topic with clear sets of disciplinary perspectives, those of an urban and political sociologist and those of a historian of religions. These help to frame the context of their analysis. This is not so much a study of borders and national wars-although both ofthese factors of course figure into the overall discussion here-but a study of the character of life of the neighborhoods of the city. In an article in The Jerusalem Post in the period leading up to the 1996 election, former Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek wrote that the real question of Jerusalem was not whether it would be a Jewish or an Arab city in the future-because he took it as a given that it would permanently remain in Israeli jurisdiction as a Jewish city-but more importantly what kind ofJewish city it would be. He pointed out that today's population in Jerusalem is approximately one-third Arab, one-third Hassidic, and one-third "other Jewish," with the...